Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1998"

Behavior-based formation control for multirobot teams

Abstract: New reactive behaviors that implement formations in multirobot teams are presented and evaluated. The formation behaviors are integrated with other navigational behaviors to enable a robotic team to reach navigational goals, avoid hazards and simultaneously remain in formation. The behaviors are implemented in simulation, on robots in the laboratory and aboard DARPA's HMMWV-based unmanned ground vehicles. The technique has been integrated with the autonomous robot architecture (AuRA) and the UGV Demo II architecture. The results demonstrate the value of various types of formations in autonomous, human-led and communications-restricted applications, and their appropriateness in different types of task environments.

The time-triggered architecture

Abstract: The Time-Triggered Architecture (TTA) is a computer architecture for distributed real-time systems in safety critical applications, such as computer controlled brakes, or computer assisted steering in an automobile. The TTA is a composable architecture for the design of large real-time systems. Its main characteristics are a common notion of time in all subsystems of the architecture and the provision of fully specified interfaces, called temporal firewalls, between these subsystems. This paper gives an overview of the TTA, discusses the architectural principles, describes the sensor/actuator interfaces in the TTA and informs about the implementation of fault-tolerance in the TTA.

The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit : Expert Methods for Designing, Developing, and Deploying Data Warehouses

Abstract: The Chess Pieces. PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND REQUIREMENTS. The Business Dimensional Lifecycle. Project Planning and Management. Collecting the Requirements. DATA DESIGN. A First Course on Dimensional Modeling. A Graduate Course on Dimensional Modeling. Building Dimensional Models. ARCHITECTURE. Introducing Data Warehouse Architecture. Back Room Technical Architecture. Architecture for the Front Room. Infrastructure and Metadata. A Graduate Course on the Internet and Security. Creating the Architecture Plan and Selecting Products. IMPLEMENTATION. A Graduate Course on Aggregates. Completing the Physical Design. Data Staging. Building End User Applications. DEPLOYMENT AND GROWTH. Planning the Deployment. Maintaining and Growing the Data Warehouse. Appendices. Index.

Specifying and Analyzing Dynamic Software Architectures

Abstract: A critical issue for complex component-based systems design is the modeling and analysis of architecture. One of the complicating factors in developing architectural models is accounting for systems whose architecture changes dynamically (during run time). This is because dynamic changes to architectural structure may interact in subtle ways with on-going computations of the system. In this paper we argue that it is possible and valuable to provide a modeling approach that accounts for the interactions between architectural reconfiguration and non-reconfiguration system functionality, while maintaining a separation of concerns between these two aspects of a system. The key to the approach is to use a uniform notation and semantic base for both reconfiguration and steady-state behavior, while at the same time providing syntactic separation between the two. As we will show, this permits us to view the architecture in terms of a set of possible architectural snapshots, each with its own steady-state behavior. Transitions between these snapshots are accounted for by special reconfiguration-triggering events.

Distributed feature composition: a virtual architecture for telecommunications services

Abstract: Distributed Feature Composition (DFC) is a new technology for feature specification and composition, based on a virtual architecture offering benefits analogous to those of a pipe-and-filter architecture. In the DFC architecture, customer calls are processed by dynamically assembled configurations of filter-like components: each component implements an applicable feature, and communicates with its neighbors by featureless internal calls that are connected by the underlying architectural substrate.

Identifying effective PMSs for the deployment of “green” manufacturing strategies

Abstract: Environmental issues are rapidly emerging as one of the most important topics in strategic manufacturing decisions. Growing public awareness and increasing government interest in the environment have induced many companies to adopt programmes aimed at improving the environmental performance of their operations. State of the art literature has proposed many models to support executives in the assessment of a company’s environmental performance. Unfortunately, none of these identifies operating guidelines on how the systems should be adapted to support the deployment of different types of “green” manufacturing strategies. The present paper seeks to illustrate techniques and architecture for performance measurement systems (PMSs) to support the implementation of feasible “green” manufacturing strategies.

An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks

Abstract: This document describes an architecture for describing SNMP Management Frameworks. The architecture is designed to be modular to allow the evolution of the SNMP protocol standards over time. The major portions of the architecture are an SNMP engine containing a Message Processing Subsystem, a Security Subsystem and an Access Control Subsystem, and possibly multiple SNMP applications which provide specific functional processing of management data.

Distributed computing architecture

Abstract: A method and system for utilizing resources according to a novel computing architecture are provided, including an operational environment for denizen processes (100) and a way for denizens (100) to travel between locations. A denizen process (100) is capable of receiving instructions (300), evaluating different locations in the operational environment in view of the received instructions (302, 304), selecting a location based on that evaluation (306), moving itself to the selected location (314), and executing a portion of the received instructions at the selected location (316). To avoid distributing viruses and to reduce bandwidth requirements, denizens (100) can move by specifying information for building a denizen (100) by using code stored in a library at the destination location. The denizen (100) is also capable of reproducing and archiving itself (318), of detecting an error in itself, and of attempting to replace itself with an archived copy of itself or attempting to rebuild itself from library components. In addition, the denizen (100) is capable of modifying itself by dynamically loading and unloading code. Denizens (100) can flexibly allocate processors because each denizen (100) can individually decide where it should execute. Application areas for employing the novel architecture include database management and natural language translation.

The Favored Circle: The Social Foundations of Architectural Distinction

Abstract: The popular view of architecture focuses on individual creative geniuses, those who have designed the most "significant" works. According to Garry Stevens, however, successful architects owe their success not so much to genius as to social background and a host of other factors that have very little to do with native talent. To concentrate only on the profession of architecture is to ignore the much larger field of architecture, which structures the entire social universe of the architect and of which architects are only one part. This book critically surveys that field, exposing many myths and debunking a number of heroes in the process.Using the conceptual apparatus of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, Stevens describes the field of architecture on two levels. First, he provides a detailed account of the field as it is at any given point in time, describing the different components and their relationships. Second, he analyzes the dynamics of the field through time, from the Renaissance to the present. He discusses the system of architectural education, as well as everyday aspects such as the competition for reputation. He concludes that throughout history, the most eminent architects have been connected to each other by master-pupil and collegiate relations. These networks, which still exist, provide a mechanism for architectural influence that runs parallel to that of the university-based schools.

Scalable Parallel Computing: Technology, Architecture, Programming

Abstract: From the Publisher: This comprehensive new text from author Kai Hwang covers four important aspects of parallel and distributed computing — principles,technology,architecture,and programming — and can be used for several upper-level courses

Cooperative buildings—integrating information, organization and architecture

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Future wor~ cooperation, and organizations wifl be charactetied by a high degree of dynamics, flexibility and mobtity — substantitiy more so than today. Rerdizing this god has profound implications for information and communication technology as u’e~ as architecture because virtual and physical spaces have to be designed in an integrated fashion in order to provide equtiy flexible cooperati~e work environments. The notion of “Cooperative Btidings” [q provides a tiework to focus and merge a number of currentiy SW pardel approaches and developments in ~erent disciplines contributing to tie design of the workspaces of the future. me purpose of this panel is to introdum the CSCW audience to a chdenging generation of new problems and issues which me Nely to shape research in CSCW and architwture in the foreseeable future. Cooperative Workplaces and Buildings Volker Hartkopf, Center for BuiHing Pe#o~ce and Diagnostics, Carnegie Melbn Unh’ersity, Pi~burgh, USA

Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind

Abstract: 'Phantoms in The Brain' takes a revolutionary new approach to theories of the brain, from one of the world's leading experimental neurologists. 'Phantoms in The Brain', using a series of case histories, introduces strange and unexplored mental worlds. Ramachandran, through his research into brain damage, has discovered that the brain is continually organising itself in response to change. A woman maintains that her left arm is not paralysed, a young man loses his right arm in a motorcycle accident, yet he continues to feel a phantom arm with vivid sensation of movement. In a series of experiments using nothing more than Q-tips and dribbles of warm water the young man helped Ramachandran discover how the brain is remapped after injury. Ramachandran believes that cases such as these illustrate fundamental principles of how the human brain operates. The brain 'needs to create a "script" or a story to make sense of the world, a unified and internally consistent belief system'. Ramachandran's radical new approach will have far-reaching effects.

Product Architecture Definition Based Upon Customer Demands

Abstract: The product portfolio architecture developed by a design team will have a tremendous impact upon customer satisfaction and market acceptance of the set of products offered by the firm. Yet most work in architecture centers around cost savings, manufacturability, and other production-driven concerns. Here, we propose a customer need basis for defining the architecture of a portfolio of products. Customer needs analysis provides a list of requirements for a product to sell. At any moment in time, one can assess a market population to establish target values for product features and represent those targets as probability distributions. Similarly, one can also trace the product through its use over time, and establish a separate set of desired target values, also as a set of distributions. Comparing these two distribution sets for every important customer need can point to the type of architecture a market population desires. When population and time distributions match, feature adjustability is required. When these distributions are different but constant in time, a family of product variants is more appropriate. When the population distribution changes over time, the feature must be isolated so it can be upgraded over time. If the distributions across both time and population are narrow, a single offering will supply the needs of the market. An instant film camera product is used as an example of the relationship between customer need distributions and appropriate product architecture.

The role of logistics in the materials flow control process: experiences from abroad.

Abstract: Frequently, the supply of building materials to the construction site is fraught with difficulties which can have a significant effect on productivity. Major productivity gains are possible, particularly if the building process is planned from a logistics perspective. The concept of logistics was developed initially within the manufacturing industry, and now constitutes an important management tool to ensure an overall strategic perspective on the flow of materials in the production process. This paper contends that logistics are relevant also to the construction industry, and describes the development of a logistics model to manage the flow of materials from suppliers to installation on-site and its application to a Danish house building project. The case study evidence suggests that the primary focus of the logistics concept in construction is to improve coordination and communication between project participants during the design and construction phases, particularly in the materials flow control proce...

Server architecture for segregation of dynamic content generation applications into separate process spaces

Abstract: A server architecture has a server program to receive client requests and multiple applications to process the requests. Each application comprises a collection of agents that can be invoked to process the requests and an application manager that manages the collection of agents. The agents within the associated collection are independent from, but dynamically accessible by, the application manager. Depending on the request, the application manager selects one or more agents to generate content to be returned to the client. An application manager director manages the application managers and facilitates delivery of the client requests from the server program to the suitable application. The application managers are independent from, but dynamically accessible by, the application manager director. For a given request, the director selects the appropriate application manager to handle the request. The application manager, in turn, selects the appropriate agent to process the request. The director can be implemented as part of the server program. The applications, including the agents and associated application managers, can be run either in-process or out-of-process with the server program.

The saphira architecture for autonomous mobile robots

Abstract: Mobile robots, if they are to perform useful tasks and become accepted in open environments, must be autonomous: capable of acquiring information and performing tasks without programmatic intervention. Autonomy has many di erent aspects; here we concentrate on three central ones: the ability to attend to another agent, to take advice about the environment, and to carry out assigned tasks. All three involve complex sensing and planning operations on the part of the robot, including the use of visual tracking of humans, coordination of motor controls, and planning. We show how these capabilities are integrated in the Saphira architecture, using the concepts of coordination of behavior, coherence of modeling, and communication with other

The Simplex architecture for safe online control system upgrades

Abstract: We describe the Simplex architecture, a real-time software technology which supports the safe, reliable introduction of control system upgrades while the system is running. We introduce its basic structure in control systems, discuss its fault-tolerance feature, and investigate the control issues when the technology is employed. Application of the Simplex architecture is demonstrated for a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system, a standard process in semiconductor manufacturing. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the potential impact that the Simplex architecture can make on future control applications.

The Brave New World of development in the internetwork computing architecture (InterNCA): or how distributed computing platforms will change systems development

Abstract: This essay is a speculation of the impact of the next generation technological platform — the internetwork computing architecture (InterNCA) — on systems development. The impact will be deep and pervasive and more substantial than when computing migrated from closed computer rooms to ubiquitous personal computers and flexible client-server solutions. Initially, by drawing upon the notion of a technological frame, the InterNCA, and how it differs from earlier technological frames, is examined. Thereafter, a number of hypotheses are postulated with regard to how the architecture will affect systems development content, scope, organization and processes. Finally, some suggestions for where the information systems research community should focus its efforts (if the call for relevance is not to be taken lightly) are proposed.

Bioclimatism in vernacular architecture

Abstract: Any analysis of the role played by energy in architecture is faced with serious limitations due to the lack of studies in the architectural bibliography, especially studies of popular architecture. An awareness of these limitations will allow us to understand better why architects have paid little attention to the interaction of form and energy, and to the bioclimatic approach in contemporary architecture in general. The first limitation stems from the very essence of bioclimatic analysis; energy is immaterial, difficult to represent in images, changing in time and wrongfully left out of the architectural literature. This is why it is difficult to find a basic knowledge of the functional aesthetic possibilities of bioclimatism in the cultural experience of present-day architects. The second limitation to this knowledge, even more important than the previous one, is the low value given to the more anonymous popular architecture as opposed to representative architecture. The latter is the kind of architecture built by established power, which attempts to impress the observer and clashes with, dominates, and often destroys the natural environment. This style of architecture is crammed with theoretical aesthetic concerns, which would rather create artificial environments than be integrated in the natural milieu. To sum up, it is the architecture undertaken by well-known authors, found in important buildings, which have been commented and widely appreciated by architecture critics throughout history. Nowadays, representative architecture can be said to describe the architecture found in large office buildings, which embody the legacy of such works from the history of culture as the pyramids, classic shrines, medieval castles and large Gothic cathedrals, baroque and Renaissance palaces, etc. These modern buildings, clad in glass as a symbol of their modernity, are incongruously dark and require artificial lighting during the day, while the flimsy casing separating them from the outside makes it necessary to use air conditioning all year round, even when outside conditions are pleasant. We can well affirm that these buildings are so wrong that they work worse than the climate. In comparison with this type of representative architecture, we find popular architecture, performed by the people as a direct response to their needs and values. These buildings show a greater respect for the existing environment, whether natural or artificial. They do not reflect theoretical aesthetic pretensions and use local materials and techniques as far as possible, repeating over and over again the course of history models which take the constraints imposed by the climate fully into account. Our popular architecture—so often forgotten in official circles—may well be the kind which can best teach us today how to assimilate the bioclimatic approach in the practice of architectural design. However, we should not consider these solutions to be models to copy in current architecture. Our technical capacity and our cultural grounding prevent us from returning to these obsolete architecture forms, but what may be of use as a lesson and a source of inspiration is the attitude of the builders of this popular architecture, which recovers a relationship to the environment which has been lost in the more official architecture of the 20th century.

Chapter 4 : bioclimatism in vernacular architecture

Abstract: Any analysis of the role played by energy in architecture is faced with serious limitations due to the lack of studies in the architectural bibliography, especially studies of popular architecture. An awareness of these limitations will allow us to understand better why architects have paid little attention to the interaction of form and energy, and to the bioclimatic approach in contemporary architecture in general. The first limitation stems from the very essence of bioclimatic analysis; energy is immaterial, difficult to represent in images, changing in time and wrongfully left out of the architectural literature. This is why it is difficult to find a basic knowledge of the functional aesthetic possibilities of bioclimatism in the cultural experience of present-day architects. The second limitation to this knowledge, even more important than the previous one, is the low value given to the more anonymous popular architecture as opposed to representative architecture. The latter is the kind of architecture built by established power, which attempts to impress the observer and clashes with, dominates, and often destroys the natural environment. This style of architecture is crammed with theoretical aesthetic concerns, which would rather create artificial environments than be integrated in the natural milieu. To sum up, it is the architecture undertaken by well-known authors, found in important buildings, which have been commented and widely appreciated by architecture critics throughout history. Nowadays, representative architecture can be said to describe the architecture found in large office buildings, which embody the legacy of such works from the history of culture as the pyramids, classic shrines, medieval castles and large Gothic cathedrals, baroque and Renaissance palaces, etc. These modern buildings, clad in glass as a symbol of their modernity, are incongruously dark and require artificial lighting during the day, while the flimsy casing separating them from the outside makes it necessary to use air conditioning all year round, even when outside conditions are pleasant. We can well affirm that these buildings are so wrong that they work worse than the climate. In comparison with this type of representative architecture, we find popular architecture, performed by the people as a direct response to their needs and values. These buildings show a greater respect for the existing environment, whether natural or artificial. They do not reflect theoretical aesthetic pretensions and use local materials and techniques as far as possible, repeating over and over again the course of history models which take the constraints imposed by the climate fully into account. Our popular architecture—so often forgotten in official circles—may well be the kind which can best teach us today how to assimilate the bioclimatic approach in the practice of architectural design. However, we should not consider these solutions to be models to copy in current architecture. Our technical capacity and our cultural grounding prevent us from returning to these obsolete architecture forms, but what may be of use as a lesson and a source of inspiration is the attitude of the builders of this popular architecture, which recovers a relationship to the environment which has been lost in the more official architecture of the 20th century.

Architecture: Choice or Fate

Abstract: Chapter 1: Aspects of Modernity. Chapter 2: Nature of the Architectural Object. Chapter 3: Critique of a Modernist Ideology. Chapter 4: Prospects for a New Urbanism. Chapter 5: The Polycentric City of Urban Communities. Chapter 6: The Modernity of Traditional Architecture. Chapter 7 :The Universal Usefullness of a Modern Craft Industry or the Fourth Industrial REvolution

Solar energy in architecture and urban planning

Abstract: This publication brings together details of 60 recently completed and future building projects from across Europe that utilize the power of the sun. A wide range of high-quality projects was presented to the fourth European Conference on Solar Energy in Architecture and Urban Planning, at the Haus der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin in March 1996. The aim of the conference and its accompanying exhibition of the selected 60 projects is to promote the design ideas employed in these buildings so that they may be used in future schemes, to the benefit of the planet. Furthermore, it is intended that these designs will generate additional innovative ideas, opening up new avenues, with the aim of achieving universal awareness in all future urban planning, from simple domestic apartments to schools, offices, cultural and public buildings. Following a brief text in English, German and Italian, each description includes illustrations of the project. The book finishes with a review of 20 new building products, all with wide applications, that have been specifically designed to conserve solar energy in buildings of the future.

Architecture in the United States

Abstract: Acknowledgements. Introduction. Map. 1: An American Icon (Monticello/The Ordinariness of Architecture/The Domestic Community/Host and Hermit/Design/Consumption/Rethinking the Landscape/The Republican House/The New American House/Heirs of Monticello). 2: Community (Authority/Metaphors/Citizenship/Ancestral Homelands/Cultural Authority/Community/Communities). 3: Nature (Neoclassical and Romantic Nature/Country Life/Place/The Primitive/The Simple Life/Act Naturally). 4: Technology (Work/Ventilation/Gender, Sex and Filth/The Technological Sublime/Producers and Consumers/Consuming Architecture). 5: Money (The Political Economy of Architecture/Proximity/System and Flow/The Social Life of Work/The Public Life of Business/The Moral Authority of Capitalism/The Spatial Economy of Consumption/Consuming Architecture/Housing Non-Consumers). 6: Art (Architects and Builders/Why Architects/Architecture as a Business/Architecture and Social Class/Style/Architect as Artist/Styles of the Self/Who is an Architect/Beyond Art). Bibliographic Essay. Timeline. List of Illustrations. Index

Capital Dilemma: Germany's Search for a New Architecture of Democracy

Abstract: The decision to move Germany's government seat from Bonn to Berlin by the year 2000 poses an architectural challenge and has fostered an international debate on which building styles are appropriate to represent German national identity. This volume investigates the political decisions and historical events behind the redesign of Berlin's official architecture. It tells of the complex drama of politics, memory, cultural values and architecture, in which Helmut Kohl, Albert Speer, Sir Norman Foster, and I.M. Pei all figure as players.

Proceedings : Innovative architecture for future generation high-performance processors and systems

Abstract: This text on innovative architecture for parallel and high-performance computing should be suitable for researchers, professors, practitioners and students."

The building program of Herod the Great

Abstract: Herod the Great, King of Judaea from 444 B.C., is known as one of the world's great villains. This notoriety has overshadowed his actual achievements, particularly his role as a client king of Rome during Augustus's reign as emperor. An essential aspect of Herod's responsibilities as king of Judaea was his role as a builder. Remarkably innovative, he created an astonishing record of architectural achievement, not only in Judaea but also throughout Greece and the Roman east. Duane W. Roller systematically presents and discusses all the building projects known to have been initiated by Herod, and locates this material in a broad historical and cultural context. Bringing together previously inaccessible material, Roller enriches our understanding of the enigmatic Herod and provides new insights into Roman architecture. Herod was instrumental in the diffusion of the Augustan architectural revolution into the provinces and was the first to build outside Italy such Italian architectural forms as the basilica, amphitheater, villa, and Italian temple. Herod's legacy provided a groundwork for the architectural Romanization of the east, influencing the construction of the great temple complexes and palaces so familiar from later Roman architecture. Herod, like Augustus himself, was not only interested in architecture but also in diplomatic and financial contacts among cities of the region. In addition to providing a repertorium of the building projects, this study is also an exploration of international relations in the eastern Mediterranean at the beginning of the Roman imperial period.

A lightweight architecture for program execution monitoring

Abstract: The Alamo monitor architecture reduces the difficulty of writing dynamic analysis tools such as special-purpose profilers, bug-detectors, and visualizations.

Architecture and the environment : bioclimatic building design

Abstract: Sustainable building has commonly been seen as separate from mainstream architecture and has been accorded the status of worthy but dull design. Adopting the term "bioclimatic" in preference to "green" to describe buildings which are inspired by nature and have a clear strategy for minimizing environmental depredation, this book seeks to revise this judgement. Introductory chapters trace the history of bioclimatic design in architecture, exploring the relationship between architecture and the natural environment. An examination of three projects currently under construction points to future directions in bioclimatic architecture. The contemporary projects featured in the main section of the book are diverse - from office buildings which flaunt their measures for energy conservation in the form of external solar shading, wind towers, glazed atria and photovoltaic modules, to a church built from tubes of recycled paper and a museum constructed in timber and inserted in a woodland setting. Architects whose work is featured include Tadao Ando, Shigeru Ban, Edward Cullinan, Foster and Partners, Herzog and Partners, Glenn Murcutt and Arata Isozaki.

ADIPS Framework for Flexible Distributed Systems

Abstract: A next generation distributed system is expected to be flexible in the sense that the system is able to deal with various changes of both the users' requirements and the operational conditions of system's environment. The aim of our research is to establish a new design methodology of the flexible distributed systems based on agent-based computing technology. To do so, we propose an agent-based distributed information processing system (ADIPS) as a design model of flexible distributed systems. Furthermore, we have developed an agent-based computing framework called ADIPS Framework which supports the design and implementation of flexible distributed systems. In this paper, we discuss the architecture and functions of ADIPS Framework together with the applications realized by using ADIPS framework.