Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2001"

Integrating Branding Strategy Across Markets: Building International Brand Architecture

Abstract: Brands play a critical role in establishing a firm’s visibility and position in international markets. Building a coherent international brand architecture is a key component of the firm’s overall international marketing strategy, because it provides a structure to leverage strong brands into other markets, assimilate acquired brands, and integrate strategy across markets. The authors examine the way firms have developed international brand architecture and the drivers that shape the architecture. The authors discuss implications for the design and management of the firm’s international brand architecture.

Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic

Abstract: PrefaceIntroduction: Modernism on the Margins of EuropeFirst Moderns: The Legacy of Ottoman RevivalismInkilap Mimarisi: Architecture of RevolutionAesthetics of Progress: Imagining an Industrial NationYeni Mimari: The Making of a Modernist ProfessionLiving Modern: Cubic Houses and ApartmentsMilli Mimari: Nationalizing the ModernConclusionNotesBibliographyFigure SourcesIndex

Towards A Critical Geography of Architecture: The Case of an Ersatz Colosseum

Abstract: This paper argues that an architectural geography should be about more than just representation. For both as a practice and a product architecture is performative in the sense that it involves ongoing social practices through which space is continually shaped and inhabited. I examine previous geographies of architecture from the Berkeley School to political semiotics, and argue that geographers have had relatively little to say about the practical and affective or ‘nonrepresentational’ import of architecture. I use the controversy over Vancouver’s new Public Library building as a springboard for considering how we might conceive of a more critical and politically progressive geography of architecture. The library’s Colosseum design recalls the origins of western civilization, and is seen by some Vancouverites to be an insensitive representation of a multicultural city of the Pacific. I seek to push geographers beyond this contemplative framing of architectural form towards a more active and embodied engag...

Taking Shape: A New Contract Between Architecture and Nature

Abstract: 'Taking Shape' explores the evolution of scientific and academic theories that have resulted in the concept of sustainability. Susannah Hagan uses this as a basis to argue for developments in the future and argues that these theories are not 'just an intellectual and aesthetic regression' as they are often perceived to be. By focusing on the impact of the new theories of sustainable technology and new materials in architecture, Hagan moves the discourse and practice of environmental sustainability within architecture towards a greater degree of awareness of both its cultural significance and cultural potential. In short, it demonstrates the capacity of sustainable architecture to embrace cultural and technical innovation.

The unknown city : contesting architecture and social space

Abstract: The Unknown City takes its place in the emerging architectural literature that looks beyond design process and buildings to discover new ways of looking at the urban experience. A multistranded contemplation of the notion of "knowing a place," it is about both the existence and the possibilities of architecture and the city.An important inspiration for the book is the work of Henri Lefebvre, in particular his ideas on space as a historical production. Many of the essays also draw on the social critique and tactics of the Situationist movement. The international gathering of contributors includes art, architectural, and urban historians and theorists; urban geographers; architects, artists, and filmmakers; and literary and cultural theorists. The essays range from abstract considerations of spatial production and representation to such concrete examples of urban domination as video surveillance and Regency London as the site of male pleasure.Although many of the essays are driven by social, cultural, and urban theory, they also tell real stories about real places. Each piece is in some way a critique of capitalism and a thought experiment about how designers and city dwellers working together can shape the cities of tomorrow.

An evolution-based generative design system : using adaptation to shape architectural form

Abstract: This dissertation dwells in the interstitial spaces between the fields of architecture, environmental design and computation. It introduces a Generative Design System that draws on evolutionary concepts to incorporate adaptation paradigms into the architectural design process. The initial aim of the project focused on helping architects improving the environmental performance of buildings, but the final conclusions of the thesis transcend this realm to question the process of incorporating computational generative systems in the broader context of architectural design. The Generative System [GS] uses a Genetic Algorithm as the search and optimization engine. The evaluation of solutions in terms of environmental performance is done using DOE2.1E. The GS is first tested within a restricted domain, where the optimal solution is previously known, to allow for the evaluation of the system's performance in locating high quality solutions. Results are very satisfactory and provide confidence to extend the GS to complex building layouts. Comparative studies using other heuristic search procedures like Simulated Annealing are also performed. The GS is then applied to an existing building by Alvaro Siza, to study the system's behavior in a complex architectural domain, and to assess its capability for encoding language constraints, so that solutions generated may be within certain design intentions. An extension to multicriteria problems is presented, using a Pareto-based method. The GS successfully finds well-defined Pareto fronts providing information on best trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The method is open-ended, as it leaves the final decision-making to the architect. Examples include finding best trade-offs between costs of construction materials, annual energy consumption in buildings, and greenhouse gas emissions embedded in materials. The GS is then used to generate whole building geometries, departing from abstract relationships between design elements and using adaptation to evolve architectural form. The shape-generation experiments are performed for distinct geographic locations, testing the algorithm's ability to adapt buildings shape to different environments. Pareto methods are used to investigate what forms respond better to conflicting objectives. New directions of research are suggested, like combining the GS with a parametric solid modeler, or extending the investigation to the study of complex adaptive systems in architecture. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie K. Norford Title: Associate Professor of Building Technology, Department of Architecture

Architecture in the Age of Printing: Orality, Writing, Typography, and Printed Images in the History of Architectural Theory

Abstract: The discipline of architecture depends on the transmission in space and time of accumulated experiences, concepts, rules, and models. From the invention of the alphabet to the development of ASCII code for electronic communication, the process of recording and transmitting this body of knowledge has reflected the dominant information technologies of each period. In this book Mario Carpo discusses the communications media used by Western architects, from classical antiquity to modern classicism, showing how each medium related to specific forms of architectural thinking. Carpo highlights the significance of the invention of movable type and mechanically reproduced images. He argues that Renaissance architectural theory, particularly the system of the five architectural orders, was consciously developed in response to the formats and potential of the new printed media. Carpo contrasts architecture in the age of printing with what preceded it: Vitruvian theory and the manuscript format, oral transmission in the Middle Ages, and the fifteenth-century transition from script to print. He also suggests that the basic principles of "typographic" architecture thrived in the Western world as long as print remained our main information technology. The shift from printed to digital representations, he points out, will again alter the course of architecture.

Using Economic Considerations to Choose Among Architecture Design Alternatives

Abstract: : The software architecture forms an essential part of a complex software-intensive system. Architecture design decision-making involves addressing tradeoffs due to the presence of economic constraints. The problem is to develop a process that helps a designer choose amongst architectural options, during both initial design and its subsequent periods of upgrade, while being constrained to finite resources. To address this need for better decision-making, we have developed a method for performing economic modeling of software systems, centered on an analysis of their architecture. We call this method the Cost Benefit Analysis Method (CBAM). The CBAM incorporates the costs and benefits of architectural design decisions and provides an effective means of making such decisions. The CBAM provides a structured integrated assessment of the technical and economic issues and architectural decisions. The CBAM utilizes techniques in decision analysis, optimization, and statistics to help software architects characterize their uncertainty and choose a subset of changes that should be implemented from a larger set of alternatives. We also report on the application of this method to a real world case study.

Form and Fabric in Landscape Architecture: A Visual Introduction

Abstract: Form and Fabric in Landscape Architecture provides an original, visual approach to the study of landscape architecture by creating a spatial morphology based on use and experience of landscapes It explores aesthetic, spatial and experiential concepts by providing a structure through which landscapes can be understood and conceived in design 'Fabric' is the integrated structure of whole landscapes, while 'form' refers to the components that make up this fabric Together form and fabric create a morphology of landscape useful for the development of visual-spatial design thinking and awareness This book is intended as both an introduction to the discipline for students of landscape architecture, architecture and planning, and a source of continuing interest for more experienced environmental designers

Method and system for providing visualization of underlying architecture of a software system

Abstract: A method and system for providing a visualization of an underlying architecture of a software system. The method includes accessing a datafile descriptive of the underlying architecture. The datafile may be transformed to determine architectural components used to form the underlying architecture. Graphical elements representative of the architectural components of the underlying architecture may be rendered on a graphical display.

Digital Gehry : material resistance/digital construction

Abstract: Frank O. Gehry, born in 1929, founded his own architectural firm in Los Angeles in 1962, and since the building of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, he is undoubtedly among the ranks of international architecture superstars. His buildings are complex constructions, with curves and distortions, skilful plastic shapes which never cease to surprise with their breath-taking spatial effects. To create these daring designs, Gehry makes extensive use of the latest electronic tools, physical models are transformed into digital models using software and hardware which has been adapted from the space industry and medical research. This book provides a colourful insight into Gehry's design methods and the creative process behind his fantastic buildings. Bruce Lindsay studied at the Yale School of Architecture; he is now Associate Head at the School of Architecture at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh (USA).

Applying Slicing Technique to Software Architectures

Abstract: Software architecture is receiving increasingly attention as a critical design level for software systems. As software architecture design resources (in the form of architectural specifications) are going to be accumulated, the development of techniques and tools to support architectural understanding, testing, reengineering, maintenance, and reuse will become an important issue. This paper introduces a new form of slicing, named architectural slicing, to aid architectural understanding and reuse. In contrast to traditional slicing, architectural slicing is designed to operate on the architectural specification of a software system, rather than the source code of a program. Architectural slicing provides knowledge about the high-level structure of a software system, rather than the low-level implementation details of a program. In order to compute an architectural slice, we present the architecture information flow graph which can be used to represent information flows in a software architecture. Based on the graph, we give a two-phase algorithm to compute an architectural slice.

New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave

Abstract: New Organic Architecture is a manifesto for building in a way that is both aesthetically pleasing and kinder to the environment. It illuminates key themes of organic architects, their sources of inspiration, the roots and concepts behind the style, and the environmental challenges to be met. The organic approach to architecture has an illustrious history, from Celtic design, Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts, to the work of Antoni Gaudi and Frank Lloyd Wright. Today there is a response to a new age of information and ecology; architects are seeking to change the relationship between buildings and the natural environment. In the first part of his book, David Pearson provides a history and assessment of organic architecture. The second part comprises statements from thirty architects from around the world whose work is based on natural or curvilinear forms rather than the straight-line geometrics of modernism. Each statement is accompanied by full-color illustrations of one or several of the architects' built projects.

The Ethical Architect: The Dilemma of Contemporary Practice

Abstract: Many believe that the moral mission of architecture has been in serious decline for the last 25 years In this work, Tom Spector points out the dilemmas of architectural practice and offers a theoretical and practical basis for an examination and transformation of the quandaries the profession faces What makes a good building or a good architect? Are there limits to an architect's ethical or legal responsibilities in a building process where architecture plays an increasingly smaller role? Is preservation a moral imperative? What happens when building codes and ethical responsibilities are in conflict? This text investigates the moral underpinnings and implications of leading architectural theories, subjecting them to the analytical technioques of moral philosophy The conclusions provide a road map to help architects make the right decision in the difficult tradeoffs that confront designers on a daily basis

Building the New World: Studies in the Modern Architecture of Latin America 1930-1960

Abstract: The period between 1930 and 1960 in particular saw a dramatic upsurge in Latin American modern architecture as the various governments strove to make public their modernising intentions. After 1960, however, the year in which Brasilia was inaugurated, economic growth in the region slowed and the modernist project faltered. The English-speaking world, which had previously admired Latin American buildings, began to write them out of the history of twentieth-century architecture. "Building the New World" attempts to redress the balance. It surveys the most important examples of state-funded modernism in Latin America during a period of almost unimaginable optimism, when politicians and architects such as Pani, Costa, Reidy and Niemeyer sought ways, literally, to build their societies out of underdevelopment.

Designing and Manufacturing Architecture in the Digital Age

Abstract: The paper describes and examines the implications of the recent developments in the architectural application of the latest digital design and fabrication technologies, which offer alternatives to the established understandings of architectural design and production processes and their material and economic constraints. It offers a possibility of a revised understanding of the historic relationship between architecture and its means of production.

Sites of Memory : Perspectives on Architecture and Race

Abstract: The issue of race in architecture is a complicated and often divisive one Traditional methods of architectural history and theory tend to attribute a city's civic and cultural identity to the dominant culture Ignored are more marginal cultures without a tradition of public building, often preventing a complete understanding of the city and the forces that shape it The essays in this volume explore the historic and contemporary effects of race upon the development of the built environment, and examine the myths and realities of America's racial landscape The book's multidisciplinary approach identifies and interprets the black cultural landscape, examining its visual, spatial, and ideological dimensions

Building in China: Henry K. Murphy's "Adaptive Architecture," 1914-1935

Abstract: Building in China is about striking an architectural balance between the pull of monumental tradition and the push of technological novelty. Centering on the dynamic period of post-imperial and pre-Communist China, the book focuses on the building and city planning initiatives of Henry Murphy, a little-known American architect who initially ventured to China in 1914 to design a campus for the Yale-in-China Program, but who then found himself captivated by a professional and cultural challenge that lasted two decades: how to preserve China's rich architectural traditions while also designing new buildings using up-to-date Western technologies. Murphy's buildings were compromises -- "new wine in old bottles" as he once called them -- and the book uses those "bottles" as lenses through which to understand not only Murphy's quest to find a middle ground for his architecture in China, but also to gaze at a tumultuous society facing an uncertain future. Murphy's buildings were more than vessels for either aesthetic visions or technical expertise; inadvertently they became political emblems, as Chinese rulers such as Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen's son called on Murphy for city planning advice to complement their hopes for urban reconstruction.There are few serious studies of Western architects in the twentieth century who practiced in non-Western contexts, and those scant studies that have been published concentrate largely on British, French or Dutch examples in colonial settings. Hence, the book makes significant contributions to the fields of both American and Chinese architectural history.

Research on digital city framework architecture

Abstract: A digital city is defined and understood as an information system platform, an information service marketplace and an information resource deployment center, and further research on the digital city is undertaken from this viewpoint. Based on the conceptual description of the information resource and information value chain, the conceptual definition, framework model and architecture of a digital city are set forth.

Architecture and Authority in the Casas Grandes Area, Chihuahua, Mexico

Abstract: Architecture both reflects and emphasizes the distinctions upon which social and political organization are based. In particular, an "architecture of power" has been recognized in a number of hierarchical, prehistoric cultural contexts, from the Chacoans to the Mississippians. In these cases, the specific architectural style of a central place is replicated at points in the surrounding area, either as an imitative response by local populations or as a tangible reflection of control exerted from the major political center. The latter situation seems the most likely in the area close around the primate center of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. Here, architectural data from the authors' recent survey and excavation projects are used to recognize a local architecture of power, to trace its distribution, and to postulate several different types of control nodes in the area lying around the primate center. These nodes vary in type and level of elaboration, and it is argued that this variation reflects the nodes" different roles in the organization of Casas Grandes" hinterland.

Architecture and Geometry in the Age of the Baroque

Abstract: The age of the baroque - a time of great strides in science and mathematics - also saw the construction of some of the world's most magnificent buildings. In this book, George L. Hersey explores the interrelations of the two developments, explaining how the advancements of geometry and the abstractions of mathematicians were made concrete in the architecture of the day.

The Activist Drawing Retracing Situationist Architectures From Constant's New Babylon to Beyond

Abstract: Dutch artist Constant Nieuwenhuys (b. 1920) developed his visionary architectural project New Babylon between 1956 and 1974. Emerging out of the remarkable activist group the Situationist International, the project was concerned with issues of "unitary urbanism" and the future of art in a technocratic society. It has had a major impact on subsequent generations of artists, architects, and urbanists. Exploring the intersection of drawing, utopianism, and activism in a multimedia era, this volume not only traces this historical moment but reveals surprisingly contemporary issues about the relationship between a fully automated environment and human creativity. Several decades before the current debate about architecture in the supposedly placeless electronic age, Constant conceived an urban and architectural model that literally envisaged the World Wide Web. The inhabitants of his New Babylon drift through huge labyrinthine interiors, perpetually reconstructing every aspect of the environment according to their latest desires. Walls, floors, lighting, sound, color, texture, and smell keep changing. This network of vast "sectors" can be seen as a physical embodiment of the Internet, where people configure their individual Web sites and wander from site to site without limits. With its parallels to our virtual world, New Babylon seems as radical today as when it was created. This collection of essays explore the relevance of Constant's utopian work to that of his peers in the Situationist International and experimental architectural movements of the 1960s, as well as later generations of architects and artists. They use Constant's revolutionary project as a springboard to reconsider the role of drawing in an electronic age.