Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2007"

An Architecture for Data-to-Text Systems

Abstract: I present an architecture for data-to-text systems, that is NLG systems which produce texts from non-linguistic input data; this essentially extends the architecture of Reiter and Dale (2000) to systems whose input is raw data instead of AI knowledge bases This architecture is being used in the BabyTalk project, and is based on experiences in several projects at Aberdeen; it also seems to be compatible with many data-to-text systems developed elsewhere It consists of four stages which are organised in a pipeline: Signal Analysis, Data Interpretation, Document Planning, and Microplanning and Realisation

Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy

Abstract: In the twenty-first century, we must learn to look at cities not as skylines but as brandscapes and at buildings not as objects but as advertisements and destinations. In the experience economy, experience itself has become the product: we're no longer consuming objects but sensations, even lifestyles. In the new environment of brandscapes, buildings are not about where we work and live but who we imagine ourselves to be. In Brandscapes, Anna Klingmann looks critically at the controversial practice of branding by examining its benefits, and considering the damage it may do. Klingmann argues that architecture can use the concepts and methods of branding--not as a quick-and-easy selling tool for architects but as a strategic tool for economic and cultural transformation. Branding in architecture means the expression of identity, whether of an enterprise or a city; New York, Bilbao, and Shanghai have used architecture to enhance their images, generate economic growth, and elevate their positions in the global village. Klingmann looks at different kinds of brandscaping today, from Disneyland, Las Vegas, and Times Square--prototypes and case studies in branding--to Prada's superstar-architect-designed shopping epicenters and the banalities of Niketown. But beyond outlining the status quo, Klingmann also alerts us to the dangers of brandscapes. By favoring the creation of signature buildings over more comprehensive urban interventions and by severing their identity from the complexity of the social fabric, Klingmann argues, today's brandscapes have, in many cases, resulted in a culture of the copy. As experiences become more and more commodified, and the global landscape progressively more homogenized, it falls to architects to infuse an ever more aseptic landscape with meaningful transformations. How can architects use branding as a means to differentiate places from the inside out--and not, as current development practices seem to dictate, from the outside in? When architecture brings together ecology, economics, and social well-being to help people and places regain self-sufficiency, writes Klingmann, it can be a catalyst for cultural and economic transformation.

The SILO Architecture for Services Integration, controL, and Optimization for the Future Internet

Abstract: We propose a new internetworking architecture that represents a departure from current philosophy and practice, as a contribution to the ongoing debate regarding the future Internet. Building upon our experience with the design and prototyping of the just-in-time protocol suite, we outline a framework consisting of (1) building blocks of fine-grain functionality, (2) explicit support for combining elemental blocks to accomplish highly configurable complex communication tasks, and (3) control elements to facilitate (what is currently referred to as) cross-layer interactions. In this position paper, we take a holistic view of network design, allowing applications to work synergistically with the network architecture and physical layers to select the most appropriate functional blocks and tune their behavior so as to meet the application's needs within resource availability constraints. The proposed architecture is flexible and extensible so as to foster innovation and accommodate change, it supports a unified Internet, it allows for the integration of security and management features at any point in (what is now referred to as) the networking stack, and it is positioned to take advantage of hardware-based performance-enhancing techniques.

The architectural relevance of cybernetics

Abstract: — This title is taken from an article by Gordon Pask in Architectural Design September 1969. It raises a number of questions which this article attempts to answer. How did Gordon come to be writing for an architectural publication? What was his contribution to architecture? How does he now come to be on the faculty of a school of architecture? And what indeed is the architectural relevance of cybernetics?

A Tool for Managing Software Architecture Knowledge

Abstract: This paper describes a tool for managing architectural knowledge and rationale. The tool has been developed to support a framework for capturing and using architectural knowledge to improve the architecture process. This paper describes the main architectural components and features of the tool. The paper also provides examples of using the tool for supporting well-known architecture design and analysis methods.

Space time play : computer games, architecture and urbanism : the next level

Abstract: Introduction. The Architecture of Computer Games. A Brief Space Time History of Interactive Entertainment. Ubiquitous Games. Computerizing Dwellings, Cities, and Landscapes for Play Experiences. Serious Fun. Utilizing Computer Games for Architectural and Urban Planning.

Mapping architecture with incremental view maintenance

Abstract: A data access architecture is provided that includes a mapping architecture for mapping data as may be used by an application to data as persisted in a database. The mapping architecture makes use of two types of mapping views—a query view that helps in translating queries and an update view that helps in translating updates. Incremental view maintenance can be used to translate data between the application and database.

Architecture-Based Comparative Advantage—A Design Information View of Manufacturing

Abstract: This paper explores basic concepts of architecture-based comparative advantage, based on a hypothesis that dynamic fit between organizational capability in manufacturing and productprocess architecture tends to result in international competitive advantage of an industry. First, the paper discusses elements of this framework such as design-based approach to manufacturing (monozukuri in Japanese), field of manufacturing (genba in Japanese), organizational capability in manufacturing, evolution of organizational capabilities, hierarchy of competitive performance, and product-process architecture (integral, modular, closed, and open types). Evolutionally framework indicates that organizational capability in manufacturing goes through a process of multi-path system emergence, which results in uneven distribution of certain types of organizational capabilities across countries and regions. Second, we discuss the definition, classification, and measurement of productprocess architecture. Third, these components of the present framework are synthesized into a hypothesis that Japan tends to enjoy higher comparative advantage (i.e., higher export ratio) in those products with a more integral architecture. A simple statistical analysis is conducted, and the results are generally consistent with the hypothesis. As a result, our data analysis indicates that, particularly in the area of assembled products, production bases located in Japan are still enjoying export competitiveness in multi-skilled-labor-intensive products with integral architecture.

Network Analysis, Architecture, and Design

Abstract: Traditionally, networking has had little or no basis in analysis or architectural development, with designers relying on technologies they are most familiar with or being influenced by vendors or consultants. However, the landscape of networking has changed so that network services have now become one of the most important factors to the success of many third generation networks. It has become an important feature of the designer?s job to define the problems that exist in his network, choose and analyze several optimization parameters during the analysis process, and then prioritize and evaluate these parameters in the architecture and design of the system.Network Analysis, Architecture, and Design, 3e, uses a systems methodology approach to teaching these concepts, which views the network (and the environment it impacts) as part of the larger system, looking at interactions and dependencies between the network and its users, applications, and devices. This approach matches the new business climate where customers drive the development of new services and the book discusses how networks can be architected and designed to provide many different types of services to customers. With a number of examples, analogies, instructor tips, and exercises, this book works through the processes of analysis, architecture, and design step by step, giving designers a solid resource for making good design decisions.With examples, guidelines, and general principles McCabe illuminates how a network begins as a concept, is built with addressing protocol, routing, and management, and harmonizes with the interconnected technology around it. Other topics covered in the book are learning to recognize problems in initial design, analyzing optimization parameters, and then prioritizing these parameters and incorporating them into the architecture and design of the system. This is an essential book for any professional that will be designing or working with a network on a routine basis. *Substantially updated design content includes ad hoc networks, GMPLS, IPv6, and mobile networking*Written by an expert in the field that has designed several large-scale networks for government agencies, universities, and corporations*Incorporates real-life ideas and experiences of many expert designers along with case studies and end-of-chapter exercises

Architectural regionalism : collected writings on place, identity, modernity, and tradition

Abstract: In this rapidly globalizing world, any investigation of architecture inevitably leads to considerations of regionalism. But despite its omnipresence in contemporary practice and theory, architectural regionalism remains a fluid concept, its historical development and current influence largely undocumented. This comprehensive reader brings together over forty key essays illustrating the full range of ideas embodied by the term. Authored by important critics, historians, and architects such as Kenneth Frampton, Lewis Mumford, Sigfried Giedion, and Alan Colquhoun, "Architectural Regionalism" represents the history of regionalist thinking in architecture from the early twentieth century to today.

Architecture and Communication among Product Development Engineers

Abstract: This article summarizes some quantitative measures and qualitative observations regarding the effect of architecture on technical communication. It shows how the probability that two engineers or scientists in an organization will communicate declines rapidly with the distance between their work locations. It also addresses several objections to these observations and examines the relationships among different media, (i.e., face-to-face, telephone, electronic mail) and how each is affected by separation. Finally, it discusses some examples of architectural strategies for managing communication.

Art and Architecture: a Place Between

Abstract: The last twenty years have seen fascinating developments in the nature of collaboration between artists and architects and in the approaches taken by artists making work intended for public spaces. These sophisticated projects go far beyond the standard 'art for architecture' remit, limited as it is to the addition of 'artworks' to already designed buildings, the work described here invites us to rethink the reputation that public art has acquired over the years amongst both the public and the artists themselves. Timely and wide-ranging, "Art and Architecture" explores the proliferation of recent pioneering work by both artists and architects that seeks to blur traditional boundaries between the two fields. Looking back to precedents in land and community art by artists from Robert Smithson and Walter de Maria to Mierle Laderman Ukeles and Joseph Beuys, Rendell discusses international projects by artists including Tacita Dean, Krzysztof Wodiczko, Paul Pfeiffer and Rachel Whiteread and architects as varied as Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Diller + Scofidio and Shigeru Ban. She visits 'site-specific' artworks, interventions into existing buildings, galleries operating outside their physical limits and the best of collaborations between the fields. More than a survey, however, "Art and Architecture" also draws on the work of thinkers from Walter Benjamin to Michel de Certeau to probe the meanings of place, space and site.

Heidegger for architects

Abstract: Informing the designs of architects as diverse as Peter Zumthor, Steven Holl, Hans Scharoun and Colin St. John Wilson, the work of Martin Heidegger has proved of great interest to architects and architectural theorists. The first introduction to Heidegger’s philosophy written specifically for architects and students of architecture introduces key themes in his thinking, which has proved highly influential among architects as well as architectural historians and theorists. This guide familiarizes readers with significant texts and helps to decodes terms as well as providing quick referencing for further reading. This concise introduction is ideal for students of architecture in design studio at all levels; students of architecture pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate courses in architectural theory; academics and interested architectural practitioners. Heidegger for Architects is the second book in the new Thinkers for Architects series.

Sustainable architecture and the pluralist imagination

Abstract: In our review of the literature concerning sustainable architecture, we find a remarkably diverse constellation of ideas that defy simple categorization. But rather than lament the apparent inability to standardize a singular approach to degraded environmental and social conditions, we celebrate pluralism as a means to contest technological and scientific certainty. At the same time, we reject epistemological and moral relativism. These twin points of departure lead us to propose a research agenda for an architecture of reflective engagement that is sympathetic to the pragmatist tradition.

MACE - enriching architectural learning objects for experience multiplication

Abstract: Education in architecture requires access to a broad range of learning materials to develop flexibility and creativity in design. The learning material is compromised of textual and visual media including images, videos, description of architectural concepts or projects, i.e. digital artifacts on different aggregation levels. The repositories storing such information are not interrelated and do not provide unified access so that retrieval of architectural learning objects is cumbersome and time consuming. In this paper, we describe how an infrastructure of federated architectural learning repositories will provide unique, integrated access facilities for high quality architectural content. The integration of various types of content, usage, social and contextual metadata enables users to develop multiple perspectives and navigation paths that support experience multiplication for the user. A standards-based, service-oriented software architecture, and flexible user interface design solutions, based on embeddable widgets, ensure easy integration and re-combinability of contents, metadata and functionalities.

Architectural knowledge and rationale: issues, trends, challenges

Abstract: The second workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge (SHARK) and Architecture rationale and Design intent (ADI) was held jointly with ICSE 2007 in Minneapolis. This report presents the themes of the workshop, summarizes the results of the discussions held, and suggests some topics for future research.

The art of placemaking : interpreting community through public art and urban design

Abstract: This expertly researched book makes a radical case for accessible public art that fosters a powerful civic experience of connection to place. The author advocates narrative, site-specific public art that engages the popular imagination through common references to history, folklore, culture and geography, and demonstrates how the integration of approachable art with local landscape, architecture and urban design can facilitate identification with locale. Dozens of case studies of spectacular and innovative works throughout the United States are accompanied by practical information, cost and policy analysis, artist interviews, examples of failures and major controversies, and strategies for the future, making this book an essential reference for anyone involved with transforming and improving our public spaces. "The Art of Placemaking" features public art projects since the 1990s, including the integration of public art in urban design, historic interpretation, street furniture, transit-station and roadway-corridor design, mural towns and more, making this title an invaluable resource for artists, architects, urban planners and teachers, as well as non-professionals seeking to bring art into their communities.

Architect and engineer : a study in sibling rivalry

Abstract: A fascinating look at how architects and engineers work together, from medieval times to the present day. How architects and engineers relate to one another has long been debated but never before addressed over a broad span of history. There are many controversial issues: about professional demarcation, about credit for design, about the value we attach to art in buildings, and about how that connects with advances in technique and efficiency. This pioneering and handsomely illustrated book enquires for the first time into the pattern of these relationships since the Renaissance. Concentrating particularly on Britain, France and the United States, Architect and Engineer looks at what has actually taken place when architecture and engineering have interlocked. It examines projects ranging from the building of Waterloo Bridge to the evolution of the Chicago skyscraper, and personalities from Vauban to Brunel and Wright. The results of this impartial investigation may often surprise and provoke the reader. It is a study that has radical implications for the compartmentalized ways in which the history of architecture and construction has conventionally been addressed.

The politics of design: architecture, tall buildings and the skyline of central London

Abstract: After 2000 a handful of very tall buildings were approved in central London, a circumstance that challenged well-established planning practices in that part of the city. Their promotion by Ken Livingstone, the mayor, but opposition to them by conservation groups, seemed to signal a fierce campaign ahead; in fact, it was all over in an instant. This article examines how this debate was framed to dismiss the arguments and concerns of those who oppose tall buildings. To make tall buildings acceptable, London's mayor drew on the merits associated with iconic architecture and high-profile architects. Under Livingstone's incumbency tall buildings were affirmed by the expertise and clout of global architects who provided legitimacy for mayoral ambitions to reach for the sky. Stressing the significance of high-quality design and iconic architecture helped to wear down deep-rooted antagonism and to channel the debate to improving the aesthetic qualities of London, a goal that enjoys wide consensus.