Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2008"

Junior: The Stanford entry in the Urban Challenge

Abstract: This article presents the architecture of Junior, a robotic vehicle capable of navigating urban environments autonomously. In doing so, the vehicle is able to select its own routes, perceive and interact with other traffic, and execute various urban driving skills including lane changes, U-turns, parking, and merging into moving traffic. The vehicle successfully finished and won second place in the DARPA Urban Challenge, a robot competition organized by the U.S. Government. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Towards a new architecture

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Argument The Engineer's Aesthetic and Architecture Three reminders to Architects: I Mass II Surface III Plan Regulating lines Eyes which do not see: I Liners II Airplanes III Automobiles Architecture: I The lesson of Rome II The illusion of plans III Pure creation of the mind Mass-production houses Architecture or Revolution

Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategies: Towards a Relational Planning for Our Times

Abstract: A well-known scholar, Pasty Healey is professor emeritus in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape at the University of Newcastle and senior editor of the Journal of Planning Theory and...

Distributed trusted virtualization platform

Abstract: A platform architecture shifts the networked computing paradigm from PC+Network to a system using trusted mobile internet end-point (MIEP) devices and cooperative agents hosted on a trusted server. The MIEP device can participate in data flows, arbitrate authentication, and/or participate in implementing security mechanisms, all within the context of assured end-to-end security. The MIEP architecture improves platform-level capabilities by suitably (and even dynamically) partitioning what is done at the MIEP nodes, the network, and the server based infrastructure for delivering services.

Network Optimization and Control

Abstract: We study how protocol design for various functionalities within a communication network architecture can be viewed as a distributed resource allocation problem. This involves understanding what resources are, how to allocate them fairly, and perhaps most importantly, how to achieve this goal in a distributed and stable fashion. We start with ideas of a centralized optimization framework and show how congestion control, routing and scheduling in wired and wireless networks can be thought of as fair resource allocation. We then move to the study of controllers that allow a decentralized solution of this problem. These controllers are the analytical equivalent of protocols in use on the Internet today, and we describe existing protocols as realizations of such controllers. The Internet is a dynamic system with feedback delays and flows that arrive and depart, which means that stability of the system cannot be taken for granted. We show how to incorporate stability into protocols, and thus, prevent undesirable network behavior. Finally, we consider a futuristic scenario where users are aware of the effects of their actions and try to game the system. We will see that the optimization framework is remarkably robust even to such gaming.

Architecture/Affect/Inhabitation: Geographies of Being-In Buildings

Abstract: Architectural design operates beyond symbolic and representational interpretation. Drawing on recent “nonrepresentational” geographies, we demonstrate how architectural space can be rethought through the concept of affect. We explore how individual buildings and their architects preconfigure, limit, and engender particular affects to accomplish very particular goals. Our analysis is based on two buildings in the United Kingdom: an ecological school and an airport. We demonstrate how affects both enable and constrain practices such as teaching, playing, and relaxing that render different buildings as uniquely meaningful places. The affects designated to and by these buildings are indispensable to the specification of particular styles of inhabitation, in ways not previously considered by architectural geographers.

Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs

Abstract: Infill need not be limited to cities. Suburban landscapes—shopping plazas, campus-style office parks, and vast residential subdivisions—can be creatively transformed and adaptively re-used as well. Hear how a mix of urban design, regulatory, fiscal, and organizational strategies can be used to re-inhabit, redevelop, and regreen the traditionally auto-centric and mono-cultural suburbs of America.

The Evolution of Designs: Biological Analogy in Architecture and the Applied Arts

Abstract: This book tells the history of the many analogies that have been made between the evolution of organisms and the human production of artefacts, especially buildings. It examines the effects of these analogies on architectural and design theory and considers how recent biological thinking has relevance for design. Architects and designers have looked to biology for inspiration since the early 19th century. They have sought not just to imitate the forms of plants and animals, but to find methods in design analogous to the processes of growth and evolution in nature. This new revised edition of this classic work adds an extended Afterword covering recent developments such as the introduction of computer methods in design in the 1980s and ‘90s, which have made possible a new kind of ‘biomorphic’ architecture through ‘genetic algorithms’ and other programming techniques.

Assessing and analyzing 3D architecture of woody root systems, a review of methods and applications in tree and soil stability, resource acquisition and allocation

Abstract: In numerous studies dealing with roots of woody plants, a description of the root system architecture is needed. During the twentieth century, several manual measurement methods were used, depending on the objectives of study. Due to the difficulties in accessing the roots and the duration of measurements, the studies generally involved a low number of root systems, were often qualitative and focused only on one specific application. Quantitative methods in plant architecture were largely developed in the last 40 years for aerial architecture. However, root systems have particular features and often need specific procedures. Since the end of the 1990s, new devices and techniques have been available for coarse root architecture measurements including volume location techniques (non-invasive or destructive) and manual or semi-automatic 3D digitising. Full 3D root system architecture dynamics was also reconstructed from partial measurements using modelling procedures. On the one hand, non-invasive and automatic techniques need more development to obtain full 3D architecture, i.e. geometry and topology. On the other hand, both one inexpensive manual and one semi-automatic digitizing procedure are now available to measure precisely and rapidly the full 3D architecture of uprooted and excavated coarse root systems. Specific software and a large number of functions are also available for an in-depth analysis of root architecture and have already been used in a dozen of research papers including a fairly large sample of mature trees. A comprehensive analysis of root architecture can be achieved by classifying individual roots in several root types through architectural analysis. The objective of this paper is both to give a detailed overview of the state of the art techniques for 3D root system architecture measurement and analysis and to give examples of applications in this field. Practical details are also given so that this paper can be used as a sort of manual for people who want to improve their practice or to enter this quite new research field.

The Media City: Media, Architecture and Urban Space

Abstract: Introduction The Uncanny Home PART ONE: THRESHOLDS OF THE MEDIA CITY The Territory of Images The City in Fragments Liquid Cities PART TWO: PUBLIC SPACE: STREETS, LIGHTS AND SCREENS Electropolis Performing Public Space PART THREE: PRIVATE SPACE: FROM GLASS ARCHITECTURE TO BIG BROTHER The Glass House The Digital Home Conclusion

Development of adaptive algorithms for the operation of windows, fans, and doors to predict thermal comfort and energy use in Pakistani buildings

Abstract: This year-round field investigation of the use of building controls (windows, doors and fans) in 33 Pakistani offices and commercial buildings focuses on 1) how the occupants' behavior is related to thermal comfort, 2) how people modify the indoor environment and 3) how we can predict the occupants' behavior. We have found that the use of building controls depends on climate and season. The use of these controls has a cooling effect on the occupant through increasing the air movement or the ventilation. The behavioral model yields adaptive algorithms that can be applied in building thermal simulations to predict the effects of the occupants' behavior on energy-saving building design.

The Story of Stone

Abstract: Stone play the important role in the material history.Whatever traditional architecture of antiquity china or upholster nowadays,a stone could make different effects.One felicity design and a smart use in reason could make third-class materials rich and colorful.Stone means not only an architecture material but an aesthetic of designers,a culture to the history.

Daylighting, architecture and health

Abstract: Chapter 1-Introduction Chapter 2-Designing With the Sun: A Historical Perspective Chapter 3-Daylighting Legislation Chapter 4-Light, Circadian Rhythm and Seasonal Affective Disorder Chapter 5-Light, Human Physiology and Health Chapter 6-Light and Human Psychology Chapter 7-Daylighting Design Strategies

Towards an eu framework for safeguarding financial stability

Abstract: The EU policy discussion on establishing an institu-tional architecture for safeguarding EU financial sta-bility is taking place along both political and technicaltracks. The former is occurring at EU, euro-zone,regional, and national levels and the latter at policy-making and expert-working levels in and across the rel-evant monetary, supervisory and regulatory au-thorities. Despite progress in achieving some pan-Eu-ropean agreements (for example, memoranda of un-derstanding), there has been limited progress in envi-sioning, no less designing, a European architecture forsafeguarding stability in the EU financial system.At the same time, there is a dearth of rigorous eco-nomic analysis asking broader yet no less relevantquestions: What is the optimal decision-makingframework for establishing a financial stabilityframework for safeguarding pan-European financialstability? or What is the least-cost way of organizingan EU architecture for safeguarding stability?This article tries to fill part of this “analytical”gap byintroducing and discussing, in a non-technical way,one analytical approach that could be useful forexamining these broader questions and their impli-cations for European financial-stability arrange-ments.

Nanocomputers and swarm intelligence

Abstract: For the last 50 years, the power of integrated circuits has continued to grow. However, this performance will end up reaching its physical limit. What new ways will then be available to develop even more powerful and up-to-date systems? This book introduces the principles of quantic computing, the use of nano-tubes in molecular transistors and ADN computing. It suggests new fabrication methods for the 21st century and introduces new architecture models, ranging from the most conventional to the most radical. Using a chronological theme, it explains our unavoidable entry in the nano-device world: from the 1948 transistor to the microchip. It concludes by anticipating the changes in daily living: investments, impact on coding activities, nanocomputing systems implementation and IT job mutation.

A wireless network system for automated tracking of construction materials on project sites

Abstract: This paper presents a new prototype framework of automated tracking and monitoring system for construction materials. Previous technologies such as RFID and GPS deployed in construction material tracking have been reviewed and signal strength‐based localisation has been examined. As an emerging network standard for industrial applications, brief specifications of ZigBee™ protocol have been described. We introduce a ZigBee‐based tracking system architecture using hybrid techniques of RF and ultrasound to improve positioning accuracy and cost benefit. Finally, feasibility analysis and application scenario have been examined to present the possible deployment framework in construction area.

Philosophy and design: From engineering to architecture

Abstract: 0.1: Table of Contents. Introduction. 0.2: Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore and Pieter E. Vermaas: Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding. Part I: Engineering Design. 1.1: Maarten Franssen: Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. 1.2: Wybo Houkes: Designing is the Construction of Use Plans. 1.3: Don Ihde: The Designer Fallacy and Technological Imagination. 1.4: Philip Brey: Technological Design as an Evolutionary Process. 1.5: Anke van Gorp and Ibo van de Poel:Deciding on Ethical Issues in Engineering Design. 1.6: Peter-Paul Verbeek: Morality in Design: Design Ethics and the Morality of Technological Artifacts. 1.7: Patrick Feng and Andrew Feenberg:Thinking about Design: Critical Theory of Technology and the Design Process. 1.8: Kiyotaka Naoe: Design Culture and Acceptable Risk. 1.9: Paul B. Thompson: Alienability, Rivalry, and Exclusion Cost: Three Institutional Factors for Design. Part II: Emerging Engineering Design. 2.1: John P. Sullins: Friends by Design: A Design Philosophy for Personal Robotics Technology. 2.2: Bernhard Rieder and Mirko Tobias Schafer: Beyond Engineering: Software Design as Bridge over the Culture/Technology Dichotomy. 2.3: Alfred Nordmann: Technology Naturalized: A Challenge to Design for the Human Scale. 2.4: Daniela Cerqui and Kevin Warwick: Re-designing Humankind: The Rise of Cyborgs, a Desirable Goal? 2.5: Inmaculada de Melo-Martin: Designing People: A Post-Human Future? 2.6: C.T.A. Schmidt: Redesigning Man? 2.7: Kristo Miettinen: Design: Structure, Process, and Function: A Systems Methodology Perspective. 2.8: Ulrich Krohs: Co-designing Social Systems by Designing Technical Artifacts: A Conceptual Approach. 2.9: Kathryn A. Neeley and Heinz C. Luegenbiehl: Beyond Inevitability: Emphasizing the Role of Intention and Ethical Responsibility in Engineering Design. 2.10:S.D. Noam Cook: Design and Responsibility: The Interdependence of Natural, Artifactual, and Human Systems. Part III: Architectural Design. 3.1: Howard Davis: Form and Process in the Transformation of the Architect's Role in Society. 3.2: Steven A. Moore and Rebecca Webber: Expert Culture, Representation, and Public Choice: Architectural Renderings as the Editing of Reality. 3.3: Ted Cavanagh: Diverse Designing: Sorting Out Function and Intention in Artifacts. 3.4: Joseph C. Pitt: Design Criteria in Architecture. 3.5: J. Craig Hanks: Cities, Aesthetics, and Human Community: Some Thoughts on the Limits of Design. 3.6: Glenn Parsons: Nature, Aesthetic Values, and Urban Design: Building the Natural City. 4.1: Index.

Architecture and nation building in the age of globalization: construction of the national stadium of beijing for the 2008 olympics

Abstract: :This study examines the relationship between architecture and nation building in the age of globalization, with an analysis of the debates and controversies about the National Stadium, the main sports venue for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. The article argues that nationalism, along with the cultural ideology of global consumerism, drives the production of flagship architectural projects in China. The dilemma between nationalism and global consumerism has led state politicians and bureaucrats to opt for a global architectural language to narrate national ambitions. The study reveals the rationale underlying the search for global architecture among political elites in China, as well as its mixed consequences for local cultural discourses and politics.

Accommodating Open Plan: Children, Clutter, and Containment in Suburban Houses in Sydney, Australia

Abstract: Open-plan living areas are one of the defining features of contemporary suburban architecture in spatially expansive nations like Australia, the United States, and Canada. In these contexts, the European and modernist meanings of ‘open plan’ are joined by relations between parents and children and identities associated with motherhood and homemaking. Using a feminist and material-culture analysis of the practices of living open plan in this distinctive historical and geographical context, this paper offers a different interpretation of the social significance of the open-planned domestic interior. Drawing on research conducted with residents of new, open-planned houses on the outskirts of Sydney and, in particular, mothers' narratives of the materialities of their home and the place of children and open plan within it, I show how open plan is held together, as a material and imaginative space, by a balancing of aesthetic considerations and the materiality and anxieties produced by children. The processes ...

Another City: Urban Life and Urban Spaces in the New American Republic

Abstract: An exploration of the beliefs, perceptions, and theories that shaped the architecture and organization of America's earliest cities In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, burgeoning American cities like New Orleans and Philadelphia seemed increasingly chaotic. Noise, odors, and a feverish level of activity on the streets threatened to overwhelm the senses. Growing populations placed new demands on every aspect of the urban landscape-streets, parks, schools, asylums, cemeteries, markets, waterfronts, and more. In this unique exploration of the early history of urban architecture and design, leading architectural historian Dell Upton reveals the fascinating confluence of sociological, cultural, and psychological factors that shaped American cities in the antebellum years. Through contemporary travel accounts, diaries, and correspondence, as well as maps, architectural drawings, paintings, and prints-many previously unpublished--Upton investigates not only how buildings were designed, streets were laid out, and urban space was put to use, but also why. He offers original insights into the way cities were imagined, and an extensive selection of illustrations recreates the various features of the urban landscape in the nineteenth century.

Interaction-Oriented Agent Simulations: From Theory to Implementation

Abstract: This paper deals with the software architecture for individual-centered simulations, i.e. involving many entities interacting together. Many software architectures have been developped in this context, especially many advanced --but domain specific --frameworks. Yet those frameworks imply tight software dependencies between agents, behaviors and action selection mechanisms, which leads to many difficulties in modelling and programming. We propose a method and an architecture where interactions are reified regardless of agents, in order to obtain a complete interaction-oriented design process for simulations. Then, an agent is only an entity that can perform or undergo a set of interactions, even not specifically developped for it. Thus most interactions can be re-used in many contexts. In addition, our method clearly separates knowledge about behaviors from its processing, and thus makes the design of simulations easier. Moreover, this new and user-friendly approach helps programmers to build simulations with a large number of different behaviors at the same time, especially in the context of large-scale simulations.

Using Types to Enforce Architectural Structure

Abstract: The right software architecture is critical to achieving essential quality attributes, but these qualities are only realized if the program as implemented conforms to its intended architecture. Previous techniques for enforcing architecture are either unsound or place significant limitations on either architectural design or on implementation techniques. This paper presents the first system to statically enforce complete structural conformance between a rich, dynamic architectural description and object-oriented implementation code. We extend previous work to (1) explain what full structural conformance means in an object-oriented setting, and (2) enforce architectural structure in the presence of shared data. We show that the resulting system can express and enforce important structural constraints of an architecture, while still supporting key object-oriented implementation techniques. As a result of our conformance property, developers can be assured that their intended architecture is realized in code, so the system will exhibit the desired quality attributes.

Ecopolis: Architecture and Cities for a Changing Climate

Abstract: List of Figures & List of Tables.- Acknowledgments.- Preface.- Introduction - The City Is My University.- 1. The Ground Plan. 1.1 The Idea of Ecopolis. 1.1.1 Projects and Praxis. 1.1.2 The Propositions. 1.1.2.1 Proposition 1: CITY-REGION: City-regions determine the ecological parameters of civilisation. 1.1.2.2 Proposition 2: INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE: There is an imperative need to integrate extant knowledge. 1.1.2.3 Proposition 3: CULTURAL CHANGE: Creation of an ecological civilisation requires conscious, systemic cultural change. 1.1.2.4 Proposition 4: CULTURAL/URBAN FRACTALS: Demonstration projects provide the means to catalyse cultural change. 1.1.3 The Three Parts of the Dissertation. 1.2 The Purpose of Cities. 1.2.1 Defining Cities. 1.2.2 Types of Cities.- 2. An Epistemology for Urban Ecology. 2.1 An Heuristic Hybrid? 2.1.1 Hemisphericism and Sustainability. 2.1.2 Reconciliation of Urban and Non-urban Epistemologies. 2.1.3 Architecture, Cross-talk and Points of View. 2.1.4 City as Ecosystem. 2.1.5 Defining Urban Ecology. 2.2 Further Words on Architecture and Ecology. 2.2.1 Greening the Discourse. 2.3 Towards Sustainable Human Ecological Development. 2.4 Romantic Science. 2.4.1 Picking Flowers. 2.4.2 Objectivity, Subjectivity and the Third Way. 2.5 Adaptive Thinking and the Climates of Opinion. 2.5.1 Convenient Misrepresentations and Inconvenient Truths. 2.5.2 The Days After Tomorrow.- PART ONE: Ecopolitan CityScapes: Theory & Practice. A.1 People, Places and Philosophies.- 3. Architecture, Urbanism & Ecological Perspectives. 3.1 Points of view. 3.1.1 Antecedents and Antitheses. 3.1.1.1 Gardens and Cities. 3.1.1.2 Conservative or Conservationist. 3.2 Integration. 3.2.1 The Second Generation of Ecological Design. 3.2.1.1 Four Ecological Phases of Human Existence. 3.2.1.2 Three Urban Phases of Human Settlement. 3.2.1.3 Mainstream sustainability. 3.2.2 Which Analysis? 3.2.3 Health, Technology and Ecology. 3.3 A Sense of Place. 3.3.1 Placing the Architectural Experience. 3.3.1.1 Critical Regionalism. 3.3.1.2 Growing from Place. 3.3.1.3 Being Critical of Regionalism. 3.3.1.4 Bioregionalism. 3.3.1.5 Ecological Architecture. 3.4 Changing Places. 3.4.1 Architecture for a Changing Climate.- 4. Relevant Theorists. 4.1 Picture People - Visionaries and Utopians. 4.1.1 Soleri - Arcologies and Spiritual Complexification. 4.1.2 Register - From Vegetable Cars to Ecocitology. 4.1.3 Fuller - Geodesic Domes on Spaceship Earth. 4.1.4 Howard - The Garden City. 4.1.5 Morris - News From Nowhere. 4.1.6 Callenbach - Ecotopia. 4.1.7 Wright - Broadacre City. 4.2 Process People - Understanding the Nature of Cities. 4.2.1 Geddes - A View from the Outlook Tower. 4.2.2 Mumford - Cities, Technology and the Green Matrix of Regionalism. 4.2.3 McHarg - Designing With Nature. 4.2.4 Hough - Cities as Natural Process. 4.2.5 Spirn - In the Granite Garden. 4.2.6 Jacobs - The Death and Life of Cities. 4.2.7 Fisk and Vittori - Maximising the Potential of Building Systems. 4.2.8 New Alchemy and the Todds - Bioshelters and Living Machines. 4.2.9 Biosphere 2 - Off the Planet. 4.2.10 Berg and Sale - The Bioregional Imperative. 4.2.11 Papanek - Designing for the Real World. 4.2.12 Van der Ryn - Ecological Architecture and Intellectual Coherence. 4.2.13 Yeang - Architect and Bioclimatician. 4.2.14 Chinese and Russian Urban Ecologists - Red Green. 4.3 Pattern People - Putting the Pieces Together. 4.3.1 Alexander - People, Patterns, Process and the Nature of Order. 4.3.2 Mollison - The Productive Patterns of Permaculture. 4.3.3 Frampton - Critical Regionalism. 4.3.4 Brand - How Buildings Learn in the Long Now. 4.4 Pragmatic People - Getting from 'Here' to 'There'. 4.4.1 Newman and Kenworthy - Auto Dependence. 4.4.2 Engwicht - Calming the Traffic. 4.4.3 T

Foucault and the Architecture of Surveillance: Creating Regimes of Power in Schools, Shrines, and Society

Abstract: Michel Foucault's critical studies concerning regimes of power are of special interest when applied to architecture. In particular, he warned of the hazards of building surveillance into architectural structures for the purpose of monitoring people and took as his historical exemplar English philosopher Jeremy Bentham's “Panopticon,” a structure originally used to assist in rehabilitating prisoners. He felt this kind of regulatory control resulted in maintaining power of one group over another. This article discusses what Foucault called the general ordering of the visible and the invisible by examining architecture as he viewed it—as an operation of power, control, and domination. More to the point, it places this belief in the context of power constructions in both sacred and school architecture and how this, in turn, creates a carceral society. This article also puts forward some of Foucault's thinking on architecture and connects this to his ideas of perceptual visibles and invisibles. The suggestion ...

The antiquities of Athens : measured and delineated

Abstract: James "Athenian" Stuart and Nicholas Revett's monumental Antiquities of Athens was the first accurate survey of ancient Greek architecture ever completed. Based on precise measured drawings done at the sites of the ancient ruins between 1751 and 1754, these books set a new standard for archaeological investigation in the eighteenth century. In doing so, they also transformed our understanding of Greek architecture and by pointing up differences between Greek and Roman examples fundamentally challenged prevailing notions about a universal classical ideal and fueled the Greek Revival movement that dominated British, European, and American architecture and design for over a century. Originally published in four volumes that appeared between 1762 and 1816, Stuart and Revett's masterwork is presented here in its entirety as part of our Classic Reprint series and features a new introduction by scholar Frank Salmon. With its many images of buildings, plans, sculpture, friezes, and decorative objects such as vases, it remains the logical starting point for anyone interested in Athens, Greece, and its influence on the history of Western architecture.Published in association with The Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical America.

Software Architecture: Organizational Principles and Patterns

Abstract: 1. What You Can't See Could Help You. What This Book is About. Software Architecture's Growing Importance. For Some, the News They are Stakeholders Comes Too Late. Principles Reveal the Hidden. Vision. Rhythm. Anticipation. Partnering. Simplification. Taking Action With Principles. Organizational Principles at Work: The Architect's New Job. Rhythm. Vision. Simplification and Anticipation. Partnering. Principles on the Web. Summary. 2. The VRAPS Reference Model: How the Pieces Fit Together. Overview. Why Models are Important. The VRAPS Model. Context. Organizational Principles for Software Architecture. The Role of Principles. Vision. Rhythm. Anticipation. Partnering. Simplification. Principles Interact. Conceptual Framework. Criteria. Patterns. Antipatterns. Applying the VRAPS Model. VRAPS Evolution. Summary. 3. Projecting and Unifying Vision. Overview. Vision Definition. Mapping Value to Architectural Constraints. Congruence and Flexibility. Vision Challenges. Limits of Architect Influence. Executive and Architect Cooperation. Product Lines Increase the Challenges to Architects and Executives. Recognizing Breakdown. Shaping a Vision. Will the Real Architect Please Stand Up? Vision and Leadership. No Respect. Putting Vision Into Practice: Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. Criterion 1: The architect's vision aligns with what his or her sponsors, users, and end customers are trying to accomplish. Criterion 2: Practitioners trust and use the architecture. Criterion 3: Tacit knowledge about architecture and components is visible and accessible to users. Summary. Other Applicable Patterns and Antipatterns. 4. Rhythm: Assuring Beat, Process, and Movement. Overview. Tempo. Content. Quality. Rhythm Definition. Motivation. Rhythm Aids Transition Management. Rhythm Drives Closure. Putting Rhythm Into Practice: Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. Criterion 1: Managers periodically reevaluate, synchronize, and adapt the architecture. Criterion 2: Architecture users have a high level of confidence in the timing and content of architecture releases. Criterion 3: Explicit activities are coordinated via rhythm. Summary. Other Applicable Patterns and Antipatterns. 5. Anticipation: Predicting, Validating, and Adapting. Overview. Prediction. Validation. Adaptation. Anticipation Definition. Anticipation in Action. Pulling Architectures in Many Directions. The Architecture Customers and Their Customers. Aiming Too Far Into the Future. Aiming Too Close to the Present. Balancing the Needs of Today and the Future. Striking a Balance. Putting Anticipation Into Practice: Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. Criterion 1: Architecture capability is regularly enhanced to respond to anticipated risks and requirements of architecture customers and their customers, market-driving standards and evolving technology, and changes in strategic business directions. Criterion 2: Technical and business risks and opportunities are evaluated through a quick cycle of review and development. Criterion 3: Features, budgets, plans, or schedules are adapted when it is recognized that critical estimates or assumptions are incorrect. Summary. Other Applicable Patterns and Antipatterns. 6. Partnering: Building Cooperative Organizations. Overview. Cooperative Relationships. Partnering Definition. Architecture Stakeholders. Clear, Cooperative Roles. Maximizing Value. Industrial Roots. Contract Management. Networked Organizations. Value Chain. Trust. Putting Partnering Into Practice: Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. Criterion 1: The architect continually seeks to understand who the most critical stakeholders are, how they contribute value, and what they want. Criterion 2: Clear, compelling agreements exist between stakeholders. Criterion 3: Both policies and informal rules of social conduct enforce cooperation. Summary. Other Applicable Patterns and Antipatterns. 7. Simplification: Clarifying and Minimizing. Overview. But What is Essential? Simplification DePnition. Conway's Law. Clarification. Minimization. Putting SimpliPcation Into Practice: Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. Criterion 1: Developers continue to use the architecture over time, reducing cost and complexity. Criterion 2: The architecture group clearly understands the essential minimal requirements and builds them into core elements. Criterion 3: Long-term budget and action ensure that elements are removed from the core when 1) they are not shared, or add unnecessary complexity, and 2) there is a clear business case. Summary. Other Applicable Patterns and Antipatterns. 8. Principles at Work: The Allaire Case Study. Introduction. Why Allaire? Five Organizational Principles. What was Our Approach? About the Results. Vision-Making a Good Vision Real. Definition and Description. Practices to Project Architecture Vision and Keep It Alive. Warning Signs Identified by Allaire Staff. Rhythm-The Beat Goes On. Definition and Description. Practices That Help an Architecture Organization Stay in Sync. Warning Signs Identified by Allaire Staff. Anticipation-Predict, Validate, and Adapt. Definition and Description. Practices to Maintain an Architecture's "Friction With the Future". Warning Signs Identified by Allaire Staff. Partnering-Lifelines. Definition and Description. Practices That Support Partnering. Warning Signs Identified by Allaire Staff. Simplification-Finding the Essential. Definition and Description. Practices That Support Simplification. Warning Signs Identified by Allaire Staff. Summary. 9. Case Study: Building and Implementing a Benchmark Using VRAPS. Overview. Benchmarking Provided a Framework. Survey Template. Organization Background and Context Template. Architecture Overview and Return on Investment Template. Principle Template. Practice Template. How We Conducted the Benchmark. Getting to a Workable Vision. Conducting the Interviews. Benchmark Results and Lessons Learned. Principles Resonated. Principle Relationships. Lessons Learned. Summary. A. Quick Reference Table: Principles, Criteria, Antipatterns, and Patterns. B. Antipattern and Pattern Summaries. References. Index.