Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2010"

Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction

Abstract: Written for architects and related design and construction professionals, Prefab Architecture is a guide to off-site construction, presenting the opportunities and challenges associated with designing and building with components, panels, and modules. It presents the drawbacks of building in situ (on-site) and demonstrates why prefabrication is the smarter choice for better integration of products and processes, more efficient delivery, and realizing more value in project life cycles. In addition, Prefab Architecture provides:

Smart City: An Event Driven Architecture for Monitoring Public Spaces with Heterogeneous Sensors

Abstract: In this paper, we present the Smart City Architecture developed in the context of the ARTEMIS JU SP3 SOFIA project. It is an Event Driven Architecture that allows the management and cooperation of heterogeneous sensors for monitoring public spaces. The main components of the architecture are implemented in a testbed on a subway scenario with the objective to demonstrate that our proposed solution, can enhance the detection of anomalous events and simplify both the operators tasks and the communications to passengers in case of emergency.

Climate and architecture

Abstract: 1. The Architectural Potentials in Climate 2. Climate and Comfort 3. Adjustment and Control 4. Climate Themes 5. Physiological Architecture 6. Case Studies 7. Literature

The Alphabet and the Algorithm

Abstract: Digital technologies have already changed architecturearchitectural form as well as the way architecture is designed and built. But if the digital is a revolution, which tradition is being revolutionized? If it is a "paradigm shift," which architectural paradigm is shifting? In The Alphabet and the Algorithm, Mario Carpo points to one key practice of modernity: the making of identical copies. Carpo highlights two instances of identicality crucial to the shaping of modern architecture: in the fifteenth century, Leon Battista Albertis invention of architectural designthe humanistic idea of building as the identical replication of an authors intentions; and, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the mass production of identical copies from mechanical master models, matrixes, imprints, or molds. The modern power of the identical, Carpo argues, has come to an end with the rise of digital technologies. All that is digital is variable. In architecture, this means the end of notational limitations, of mechanical standardization, and possibly of the Albertian, authorial way of building by design. Charting the rise and fall of the paradigm of identicality, Carpo compares new forms of postindustrial, digital craftsmanship to traditional hand-making, and to the cultures and technologies of variations that existed before the coming of machine-made, identical copies. Carpo reviews the unfolding of digitally based design and construction from the early 1990s to the present, and suggests a new agenda for architecture in an age of variable media, generic objects, and participatory authorship.

From Digital to Ubiquitous Cities: Defining a Common Architecture for Urban Development

Abstract: Digital cities have been evolved from web applications and knowledge bases to smart urban environments. This evolution has mainly been based on broadband metro-networks and complex information systems, and it suggests the form of the future city that is called wireless/smart/digital or ubiquitous city. Although common practices are being developed all over the world, different priorities are defined and different architectures are followed. In this paper we summarize on the applied architectures of multiple city case studies, we use the experiences of the digital city of Trikala, Greece, and we conclude to a common Enterprise Architecture for digital city cases. This common architecture identifies the blue prints for urban information based development. Moreover, this paper presents a common architecture for service delivery in urban spaces.

Iconic Architecture and the Culture-ideology of Consumerism

Abstract: This article explores the theoretical and substantive connections between iconicity and consumerism in the field of contemporary iconic architecture within the framework of a critical theory of globalization. Iconicity in architecture is defined in terms of fame and special symbolic/aesthetic significance as applied to buildings, spaces and in some cases architects themselves. Iconic architecture is conceptualized as a hegemonic project of the transnational capitalist class. In the global era, I argue, iconic architecture strives to turn more or less all public space into consumerist space, not only in the obvious case of shopping malls but more generally in all cultural spaces, notably museums and sports complexes. The inspiration that iconic architecture has provided historically generally coexisted with repressive political and economic systems, and for change to happen an alternative form of non-capitalist globalization is necessary. Under such conditions truly inspiring iconic architecture, including...

Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs

Abstract: Princeton Architectural Press's classic reprint series was established in 1981 to make rare volumes on architecture available to a wider audience. The books' beautiful reproductions and finest quality printing and binding match those of the originals, while their 9-by-12-inch format makes them accessible and affordable. New introductions bring a modern voice to these texts, updating them to become invaluable contemporary resources.

Material-based design computation

Abstract: The institutionalized separation between form, structure and material, deeply embedded in modernist design theory, paralleled by a methodological partitioning between modeling, analysis and fabrication, resulted in geometric-driven form generation. Such prioritization of form over material was carried into the development and design logic of CAD. Today, under the imperatives and growing recognition of the failures and environmental liabilities of this approach, modern design culture is experiencing a shift to material aware design. Inspired by Nature’s strategies where form generation is driven by maximal performance with minimal resources through local material property variation, the research reviews, proposes and develops models and processes for a material-based approach in computationally enabled form-generation. Material-based Design Computation is developed and proposed as a set of computational strategies supporting the integration of form, material and structure by incorporating physical form-finding strategies with digital analysis and fabrication. In this approach, material precedes shape, and it is the structuring of material properties as a function of structural and environmental performance that generates design form. The thesis proposes a unique approach to computationally-enabled form-finding procedures, and experimentally investigates how such processes contribute to novel ways of creating, distributing and depositing material forms. Variable Property Design is investigated as a theoretical and technical framework by which to model, analyze and fabricate objects with graduated properties designed to correspond to multiple and continuously varied functional constraints. The following methods were developed as the enabling mechanisms of Material Computation: Tiling Behavior & Digital Anisotropy, Finite Element Synthesis, and Material Pixels. In order to implement this approach as a fabrication process, a novel fabrication technology, termed Variable Property Rapid Prototyping has been developed, designed and patented. Among the potential contributions is the achievement of a high degree of customization through material heterogeneity as compared to conventional design of components and assemblies. Experimental designs employing suggested theoretical and technical frameworks, methods and techniques are presented, discussed and demonstrated. They support product customization, rapid augmentation and variable property fabrication. Developed as approximations of natural formation processes, these design experiments demonstrate the contribution and the potential future of a new design and research field. Thesis Supervisor: William J. Mitchell Title: Alexander Dreyfoos Professor of Architecture and Media Arts and Sciences Department of Architecture, MIT

Architecture and crisis: re-inventing the icon, re-imag(in)ing London and re-branding the City

Abstract: Over the last decade, London�€™s skyline is changing significantly with a new generation of iconic buildings, of which the Swiss-Re Tower is the most well known. Despite the fact that most of these buildings are located in the City (London�€™s financial heart) little attention has been paid to the relationship between the transformation of London�€™s skyline and the recent institutional reconfiguration of the Corporation of London, the authority that runs the City. Focusing empirically on the City�€™s iconic architecture, and foregrounding a period of institutional crisis for the Corporation (1970-1990), the paper: first, departs from the standard analysis of iconic buildings as signifiers of economic success, and sketches a framework for examining the role of iconic architecture during moments of crisis; second, it offers a new approach to understanding the City�€™s iconic commissions: not as signifiers of London�€™s international economic power, but as symptoms of changes in the institutions and elites that promote the City�€™s new urbanity. The article details how the internationalisation of London�€™s economy after the 1970s challenged the Corporation�€™s insular character. The Corporation�€™s resistance to the �€˜invasion�€™ of foreign companies, people and architectural styles in the City in the midst of a rapid expansion of London�€™s economy and growing inter-urban competition, led to open threats from the government for the abolition of the Corporation. Responding to these threats, the Corporation reinvented itself with an institutional reform and re-branded its identity in the early 2000s as an outward looking institution, open to London�€™s new transnational elites. The 2002 Unitary Development Plan that introduced a new architectural language in the City, corresponds to the same need to construct a new imaginary identity for a re-branded Corporation. Towering over the City�€™s traditional signifiers, the City�€™s new buildings constitute an ode to the Corporation�€™s new identity and a visual Coup d�€™�‰tat against its time-old heritage oriented planning.

Learning from difference: the new architecture of experimentalist governance in the EU

Abstract: This paper argues that current widespread characterizations of EU governance as multi-level and networked overlook the emergent architecture of the Union’s public rule making. In this architecture, framework goals (such as full employment, social inclusion, “good water status”, a unified energy grid) and measures for gauging their achievement are established by joint action of the member states and EU institutions. Lower-level units (such as national ministries or regulatory authorities and the actors with whom they collaborate) are given the freedom to advance these ends as they see fit. But in return for this autonomy, they must report regularly on their performance and participate in a peer review in which their results are compared with those pursuing other means to the same general ends. Finally, the framework goals, performance measures, and decision-making procedures themselves are periodically revised by the actors, including new participants whose views come to be seen as indispensable to full and fair deliberation. Though this architecture cannot be read off from neither Treaty provisions nor textbook accounts of the formal competences of EU institutions, the paper traces its emergence and diffusion across a wide range of policy domains, including telecommunications, energy, drug authorization, occupational health and safety, employment promotion, social inclusion, pensions, health care, environmental protection, food safety, maritime safety, financial services, competition policy, state aid, anti-discrimination policy and fundamental rights.

Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach

Abstract: Due to the increase in living standard and demand, energy conservation has become important in industrialized countries. In view of rational use of energy, the present paper reviews intelligent building construction with the aid of passive solar architecture approach, which makes use of specific building design principles and reduces the artificial energy requirements for achieving indoor thermal comfort. As a climate responsive architecture, building design criteria has been studied with the help of several parameters like geographic location and climatic conditions, building shape, orientation, selection of construction materials, building openings viz. windows, selection of suitable sunshades, etc. All the salient building design parameters are studied and important findings and recommendations are suggested as the outcome of the study. The study in turn is useful for various resource persons involved in the construction activities for designing energy efficient intelligent buildings.

Design of complex architectures using a three dimension approach : the crosswork case

Abstract: In this paper, we present a three dimensional design approach of complex information systems architectures. Key element of this approach is the model transformation cube, which consists of three dimensions along which architecture models can be positioned. Industry architecture frameworks to guide the architecture design process can be related to these three dimensions. We show this approach with the CrossWork case study, in which the architecture of an advanced business process management system is designed. This system supports creation and operation of process-oriented instant virtual enterprises, using agent-based and service-oriented information technology.

Digital Culture in Architecture: An Introduction for the Design Professions

Abstract: Today's explosive developments in digital technology have also affected architecture and the urban landscape This volume provides a profound introduction to the important role of digital simulation in design and execution In four chapters, the author systematically examines the influence of digital culture on architecture but also on the urban landscape as well as product design The relationship of digital architecture to the city is also an important focus

Internet Architecture and Innovation

Abstract: The Internet's remarkable growth has been fueled by innovation. New applications continually enable new ways of using the Internet, and new physical networking technologies increase the range of networks over which the Internet can run. Questions about the relationship between innovation and the Internet's architecture have shaped the debates over open access to broadband networks, network neutrality, nondiscriminatory network management, and future Internet architecture. In Internet Architecture and Innovation, Barbara van Schewick explores the economic consequences of Internet architecture, offering a detailed analysis of how it affects the economic environment for innovation. Van Schewick describes the design principles on which the Internet's original architecture was based—modularity, layering, and the end-to-end arguments—and shows how they shaped the original architecture of the Internet. She analyzes in detail how the original Internet architecture affected innovation—in particular, the development of new applications—and the how changing the architecture would affect this kind of innovation. Van Schewick concludes that the original architecture of the Internet fostered application innovation. Current changes that deviate from the Internet's original design principles reduce the amount and quality of application innovation, limit users' ability to use the Internet as they see fit, and threaten the Internet's ability to realize its economic, social, cultural, and political potential. If left to themselves, network providers will continue to change the internal structure of the Internet in ways that are good for them but not necessarily for the rest of us. Government intervention may be needed to save the social benefits associated with the Internet's original design principles.

Biomimetics in Architecture: Architecture of Life and Buildings

Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Architecture 2.2 Bionics [Bionik] Biomimetics 2.3 Transfer and methods 3 Classical approaches to investigate overlaps between biology and architecture 3.1 Relationship between nature and architecture 3.2 "Natural construction" 3.3 Nature's design principles 3.4 Parallels, differences and synergies between design in nature and in architecture 3.5 Biomimetics in construction and architecture 4 New approaches and application of biology's life criteria on architecture 4.1 Life, biology 4.2 Architectural interpretation of life criteria 4.3 Comments and hitherto unexplored fields 4.4 A living architecture 5 Case studies 5.1 Adaptation and evolution of traditional architecture on Nias Island 5.2 Transformation Architecture 5.3 Lunar Exploration Architecture 5.4 Biomimetic Design Proposals 6 Discussion 6.1 Transfer strategies and methods 6.2 Suggestions 7 Appendix 7.1 Literature 7.2 Figures and Photography

The New Mathematics of Architecture

Abstract: This one-of-a-kind survey of 46 international projects, compiled and written by leading experts on architectural mathematics, offers a thorough overview of how recent developments in maths and physics are being applied to architecture. This carefully researched book offers students and practitioners new ways of thinking about the future of designing and building. Each of the 46 projects, largely built, are by globally recognized architects, presented through specially drawn illustrations and plans, photographs and texts. Chapter introductions and case studies include cross-references to a complete illustrated glossary, which further elaborates on mathematical concepts introduced in the text.

RESTful web services: principles, patterns, emerging technologies

Abstract: Recent technology trends in Web services indicate that a solution eliminating the perceived complexity of the WS-* standard technology stack may be in sight: advocates of Representational State Transfer (REST) have come to believe that their ideas explaining why the World Wide Web works are just as applicable to solve enterprise application integration problems and to radically simplify the plumbing required to implement a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this tutorial we give an introduction to the REST architectural style as the foundation for RESTful Web services. The tutorial starts from the basic design principles of REST and how they are applied to service oriented computing. Service-orientation concentrates on identifying self-contained units of functionality, which should then be exposed as easily reusable and repurposable services. This tutorial focuses not on the identification of those units, but on how to design the services representing them. We explain how decisions on the SOA level already shape the architectural style that will be used for the eventual IT architecture, and how the SOA process itself has to be controlled to yield services which can then be implemented RESTfully. We do not claim that REST is the only architectural style that can be used for SOA design, but we do argue that it does have distinct advantages for loosely coupled services and massive scale, and that any SOA approach already has to be specifically RESTful on the business level to yield meaningful input for IT architecture design.

Agile Architecture Interactions

Abstract: Agile development starts to build before the outcome is fully understood, adjusts designs and plans as empirical knowledge is gained while building, trusts the judgment of those closest to the problem, and encourages continual collaboration with the ultimate consumers. Architecture establishes a technology stack, creates design patterns, enhances quality attributes, and communicates to all interested parties. The combination of these two spaces is agile architecture-an approach that uses agile techniques to drive towards good architecture. Agility and architecture aren't at odds. Agile development gives the architect repeated opportunities to work closely with the business and technical teams to continually guide systems in the direction of good architecture.

MILSA: A New Evolutionary Architecture for Scalability, Mobility, and Multihoming in the Future Internet

Abstract: Many challenges to the Internet including global routing scalability have drawn significant attention from both industry and academia, and have generated several new ideas for the next generation. MILSA (Mobility and Multihoming supporting Identifier Locator Split Architecture) and related enhancements are designed to address the naming, addressing, and routing scalability challenges, provide mobility and multihoming support, and easy transition from the current Internet. In this paper, we synthesize our research into a multiple-tier realm-based framework and present the fundamental principles behind the architecture. Through detailed presentation of these principles and different aspects of our architecture, the underlying design rationale is justified. We also discuss how our proposal can meet the IRTF RRG design goals. As an evolutionary architecture, MILSA balances the high-level long-run architecture design with ease of transition considerations. Additionally, detailed evaluation of the current inter-domain routing system and the achievable improvements deploying our architecture is presented that reveals the roots of the current difficulties and helps to shape our deployment strategy.

Emergent Technologies and Design: Towards a Biological Paradigm for Architecture

Abstract: Emergence - the process by which new and coherent structures, patterns and properties ‘emerge’ from within complex systems Traditional architecture starts from the premise that architectural structures are singular and fixed, and however well integrated are separate from their environment and context. Emergence requires that the opposite is true – that those structures are complex energy and material systems that have a lifespan, exist as part of an environment of other active systems, and develop in an evolutionary way. This book, based on the authors’ internationally renowned Emergent Technologies and Design course at the Architectural Association in London, introduces a new approach to the practice of architecture. The authors use essays and projects to demonstrate the interrelationship of concepts such as emergence and self-organisation with the latest technologies in design, manufacturing and construction. With projects from their course, and critiques and commentary from some of the world’s leading design theorists and practitioners, the authors of Emergent Technologies and Design have introduced a radical new way of understanding the way in which architecture is conceived, designed and produced.

Geographies of Architecture: The Multiple Lives of Buildings

Abstract: This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the article which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00332.x/abstract.

Architecture as brand: store design and brand identity

Abstract: Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the architecture of retail stores and the communication of brand identity.Design/methodology/approach – The researchers adopted a qualitative approach using case studies of the design process and architecture of four new food superstores in the UK between 1998 and 2005. The case studies draw on interviews, photographs, observations, and archival materials.Findings – The case studies demonstrate that high‐profile architects have been involved in the design of supermarket buildings. The reuse of buildings has also become a significant element of visual identity at a local level. “Stealth” design, by contrast, reduces visual identity. In each case the relationship between retailer, architect, local authority, media and public opinion influenced the design process and the visual identity of the building.Research implications – The research implications are that architecture is not well understood in the retail industry as a medium for comm...