Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2014"

Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory

Abstract: Part 1: Modernism Part 2: Phenomenology Part 3: Structuralism Part 4: Postmodernism Part 5: Poststructuralism

Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization

Abstract: Acknowledgements Contents On architects and engineers Sharing the same spirit Introduction Part 1: Shells for Architecture 1. Exploring shell forms, John Ochsendorf, Philippe Block 2. Shaping forces, Laurent Ney, Sigrid Adriaenssens 3. What is a shell? Chris Williams 4. Physical modelling and form finding, Bill Addis 5. Computational form finding and optimization, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger, Ekkehard Ramm Part 2: Form Finding 6. Force density method, Klaus Linkwitz 7. Thrust network analysis, Philippe Block, Lorenz Lachauer, Matthias Rippmann 8. Dynamic relaxation, Sigrid Adriaenssens, Mike Barnes, Richard Harris, Chris Williams 9. Particle-spring systems, Shajay Bhooshan, Diederik Veenendaal, Philippe Block 10. Comparison of form-finding methods, Diederick Veenendaal, Philippe Block 11. Steering of form, Axel Kilian Part 3: Structural Optimization 12. Nonlinear force density method, Klaus Linkwitz, Diederick Veenendaal 13. Best-fit thrust network analysis, Tom Van Mele, Daniele Panozzo, Olga Sorkine-Hornung, Philippe Block 14. Discrete topology optimization, James N. Richardson, Sigrid Adriaenssens, Rajan Filomeno Coelho, Philippe Bouillard 15. Multi-criteria gridshell optimization, Peter Winslow 16. Eigenshells, Panagiotis Michalatos, Sawako Kaijima 17. Homogenization method, Irmgard Lochner-Aldinger, Axel Schumacher 18. Computational morphogenesis, Alberto Pugnale, Tomas Mendez Echenagucia, Mario Sassone Part 4: Precedents 19. The Multihalle and the British Museum, Chris Williams 20. Felix Candela and Heinz Isler, Maria E. Moreyra Garlock, David P. Billington 21. Structural design of free-curved RC shells, Mutsuro Sasaki The congeniality of architecture and engineering, Patrik Schumacher Appendices: 22. The finite element method in a nutshell, Chris Williams 23. Differential geometry and shell theory, Chris Williams 24. Genetic algorithms for structural design, Rajan Filomeno Coelho, Tomas Mendez Echenagucia, Alberto Pugnale, James N. Richardson 25. Subdivision surfaces, Paul Shepherd Index Bibliography List of Credits List of Projects List of Contributors

Learning Human Pose Estimation Features with Convolutional Networks

Abstract: This paper introduces a new architecture for human pose estimation using a multi- layer convolutional network architecture and a modified learning technique that learns low-level features and higher-level weak spatial models. Unconstrained human pose estimation is one of the hardest problems in computer vision, and our new architecture and learning schema shows significant improvement over the current state-of-the-art results. The main contribution of this paper is showing, for the first time, that a specific variation of deep learning is able to outperform all existing traditional architectures on this task. The paper also discusses several lessons learned while researching alternatives, most notably, that it is possible to learn strong low-level feature detectors on features that might even just cover a few pixels in the image. Higher-level spatial models improve somewhat the overall result, but to a much lesser extent then expected. Many researchers previously argued that the kinematic structure and top-down information is crucial for this domain, but with our purely bottom up, and weak spatial model, we could improve other more complicated architectures that currently produce the best results. This mirrors what many other researchers, like those in the speech recognition, object recognition, and other domains have experienced.

The Architecture of Productive Learning Networks

Abstract: As I grow older, I come to realize that I shouldn’t let principles always stand in the way of good ideas. Thus, though I’ve made a commitment to no longer contribute to closed scholarly works, I can’t help but at least contribute a review of The Architecture of Productive Learning Networks by Lucila Carvalho and Peter Goodyear. A personal disclosure is that I count Goodyear as a friend and I was present when the book was being planned after the Networking Learning Conference in Maastricht in 2012.

Designing a Smart Museum: When Cultural Heritage Joins IoT

Abstract: The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm constitutes the basic building block to progress towards unified ICT platforms for a variety of applications within the large framework of the smart cities. Unfortunately, designing a general architecture for IoT is still a very complex challenge, since in such system may be involved several devices, link layer technologies and services. Cultural Heritage represents a worldwide resource of inestimable value and it gains more and more importance when embedded into the digital ecosystem of a smart city. In this paper we focus specifically to design a IoT architecture that is able to support the designing of a smart museum, a static cultural space that becomes intelligent thanks to the definition of an innovative model of sensors and services. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss a real case of study, placed in a temporary art exhibition of sculptures in the Maschio Angioino Castle, located in Naples, Italy.

A companion to Roman architecture

Abstract: Roman architecture is arguably the most enduring physical legacy of the classical world. A Companion to Roman Architecture presents a selective overview of the critical issues and approaches that have transformed scholarly understanding of this rich field of study in recent decades. This volume draws on new archaeological discoveries and theoretical approaches in order to provide an updated historical understanding of Roman architecture.

Smart city architecture: A technology guide for implementation and design challenges

Abstract: Urban development is becoming increasingly reliant on effective use of intelligent services. In the process of providing better services to all citizens and improving the efficiency of administration processes, the concept of a smart city has been lauded as a promising solution for the coming challenge of global urbanization. However, due to the broad scope of smart cities their definition has not been standardized, thus proposed architectures are diverse. This work proposes a new architecture from the perspective of the data that underpins all the functionality of smart cities. The proposed architecture is discussed, outlining design challenges and offering insight into the development of smart cities.

The robotic touch : how robots change architecture : Gramazio & Kohler, research ETH Zurich 2005-2013

Abstract: The synthesis of data and material, which failed to develop in the early digital age, is being realised in today's architecture. This becomes apparent in various medial, spatial and structural manifestations; where data and material can no longer be interpreted as parallel features but rather as being innate expressions of architecture, that have become essential to construction in a new digital age. Closely related to this development is the increasing use of robots in the building process; enabling the fundamental integration of data and material, programming and construction, where processes are developed based on fixed rules, analysed, and then translated to practical construction. Using robots in architecture has not to date been comprehensively researched; The Robotic Touch examines the the theory and practice robot-based building processes and the specific implications of using robots, within architectural design, looking to the future of this innovative and cutting-edge technology.

Evolving an Open Ecosystem: The Rise and Fall of the Symbian Platform

Abstract: Two key factors in the success of general-purpose computing platforms are the creation of a technical standards architecture and managing an ecosystem of third-party suppliers of complementary products. Here, we examine Symbian Ltd., a startup firm that developed a strong technical architecture and broad range of third-party complements with its Symbian OS for smartphones. Symbian was shipped in nearly 450 million mobile phones from 2000 to 2010, making it the most popular smartphone platform during that period. However, its technical and market control of the platform were limited by its customers, particularly Nokia. From 2007 onward, Symbian lost market share and developer loyalty to the new iPhone and Android platforms, leading to the extinction of the company and eventually its platform. Together, this suggests lessons for the evolution of a complex ecosystem, and the impact of asymmetric dependencies and divided leadership upon ecosystem success.

Architectural leverage: putting platforms in context

Abstract: Management research on "platforms" has tended to race ahead of its theoretical underpinnings. We conduct a systematic review of the platform literature and identify four distinct streams: organizational capability platforms, product family platforms, market intermediary platforms, and technology system platforms. We propose the theoretical model of architectural leverage as a unifying framework for platform research. In our model, platform creation is enabled by three boundary conditions: technological architecture, activity architecture, and value architecture. These define the potential for platform value creation. The translation of this potential to firm-level performance is moderated by property rights ownership, architectural control, and trend leadership. We illustrate the model through an re-analysis of Intel, a

Climate and architecture

Abstract: This series of nine essays on the relationship between climate and architectural design, is an initiative of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Its emphasis is on the challenges, and the opport...

Forensis: The Architecture of Public Truth

Abstract: Edited by Forensic Architecture With contributions by Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Nabil Ahmed, Maayan Amir, Hisham Ashkar & Emily Dische-Becker, Ryan Bishop, Jacob Burns, Howard Caygill, Gabriel Cuellar, Eitan Diamond, DAAR (Decolonizing Architecture Art Residency), Anselm Franke, Grupa Spomenik, Ayesha Hameed, Charles Heller, Helene Kazan, Thomas Keenan, Steffen Kramer, Adrian Lahoud, Armin Linke, Jonathan Littell, Modelling Kivalina, Model Court, Working Group Four Faces of Omarska, Gerald Nestler, Godofredo Pereira, Nicola Perugini, Alessandro Petti, Lorenzo Pezzani, Cesare P. Romano, Susan Schuppli, Francesco Sebregondi, Michael Sfard, Shela Sheikh, SITU Research, Caroline Sturdy Colls, John Palmesino & Ann Sofi Ronnskog / Territorial Agency, Paulo Tavares, Fusun Turetken, Robert Jan van Pelt, Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss / NAO, Eyal Weizman, Ines Weizman, Chris Woods Forensics originated from the term "forensis" which is Latin for “pertaining to the forum.” The Roman forum was a multidimensional space of negotiation and truth-finding in which humans as well as objects participated in politics, law, and the economy. With the advent of modernity, forensics shifted to refer exclusively to the courts of law and to the use of medicine, and today as a science in service to the law. The present use of forensics, along with its popular representations have become increasingly central to the modes by which states police and govern their subjects. By returning to forensis this book seeks to unlock forensics’ original potential as a political practice and reorient it. Inverting the direction of the forensic gaze it designates a field of action in which individuals and organizations detect and confront state violations. The condition of forensis is one in which new technologies for mediating the “testimony” of material objects—bones, ruins, toxic substances, landscapes, and the contemporary medias in which they are captured and represented—are mobilized in order to engage with struggles for justice, systemic violence, and environmental transformations across the frontiers of contemporary conflict. This book presents the work of the architects, artists, filmmakers, lawyers, and theorists who participated directly in the “Forensic Architecture” project in the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths University of London, as well as the work of associates and guests. It includes forensic investigations undertaken by the project and its collaborators aimed at producing new kinds of evidence for use by international prosecutorial teams, political organizations, NGOs, and the UN. It also brings together research and essays that situate contemporary forensic practices within broader political, historical, and aesthetic discourse. Copublished with Forensic Architecture Design by Zak Group

Solid Intentions:: an archival ethnography of corporate architecture and organizational remembering

Abstract: Research on organizational spaces has not considered the importance of collective memory for the process of investing meaning in corporate architecture. Employing an archival ethnography approach, practices of organizational remembering emerge as a way to shape the meanings associated with architectural designs. While the role of monuments and museums are well established in studies of collective memory, this research extends the concept of spatiality to the practices of organizational remembering that focus on a wider selection of corporate architecture. By analyzing the historical shift from colonial to modernist architecture for banks and retailers in Ghana and Nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s on the basis of documents and photographs from three different companies, this article shows how archival sources can be used to untangle the ways in which companies seek to ascribe meaning to their architectural output. Buildings allude to the past and the future in a range of complex ways that can be interpreted more fully by reference to the archival sources and the historical context of their creation. Social remembering has the potential to explain why and how buildings have meaning, while archival ethnography offers a new research approach to investigate changing organizational practices.

Versus : heritage for tomorrow : vernacular knowledge for sustainable architecture

Abstract: CORREIA, Mariana; DIPASQUALE, Letizia; MECCA, Saverio (eds.). Versus Heritage for Tomorrow. Vernacular Knowledge for Sustainable Architecture . Fir nz : Firenze University Pr ss , 2014 . 292 p. ISBN 978-88-6655-741-8 (print); ISBN 978-88-6655-742-5 (online) "This scientific publication resulted from an intensive and significant teamwork research, based on the common main aim of establishing key principles, regarding vernacular knowledge and its contribution for sustainable development. Lessons learned from vernacular heritage are systematised through principles that define a wide number of strategies to consider and to integrate for sustainable contemporary architecture. This was possible through the initial establishment of operational definitions, regarding vernacular architecture and sustainable architecture. It was also critical to define a profound reflection concerning the state of the art of environmental, socio-cultural and socio-economic sustainability, as well as resilient vernacular heritage, and the definition of parameters for vernacular sustainability during the 20th Century."

The Internet of Things: Challenges & security issues

Abstract: Propelled by large-scale advances in wireless technologies, sensing technologies and communication technologies, the transformation of the Internet into an integrated network of things termed as Internet of Things is rapidly unfolding. The Internet of Things enabled by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and RFID sensors finds a plethora of applications in almost all the fields such as health, education, transportation and agriculture. This paper briefs the idea of Internet of Things (IoT) and the challenges to its future growth. Also, this paper describes the general layered architecture of IoT along with its constituent elements. Further, the paper provides for a secure construction of the IoT architecture, by tackling security issues at each layer of the architecture. The paper concludes by mentioning the potential applications of the IoT technologies in fields ranging from intelligent transportation to smart home to e-health care and green agriculture.

Toward an Architecture of Enjoyment

Abstract: Toward an Architecture of Enjoyment is the first publication in any language of the only book devoted to architecture by Henri Lefebvre. Written in 1973 but only recently discovered in a private archive, this work extends Lefebvre’s influential theory of urban space to the question of architecture. Taking the practices and perspective of habitation as his starting place, Lefebvre redefines architecture as a mode of imagination rather than a specialized process or a collection of monuments. He calls for an architecture of jouissance—of pleasure or enjoyment—centered on the body and its rhythms and based on the possibilities of the senses.

Form or function?: the effect of new sports stadia on property prices in London

Abstract: Summary. Professional sports facilities are among the most expensive development projects. Assessing the external effects related to these and the channels through which these effects operate is a challenging task. We propose a strategy to value the external effects that stadia deliver to their neighbourhoods based on the variation in property prices. Our strategy allows for unobserved spatial heterogeneity, anticipation effects, and disentangles the stadium’s function as a sports facility from its form as a physical structure that (visually) dominates the neighbourhood. We apply this strategy to two of the largest stadium projects of the recent decade, the New Wembley and the Emirates Stadium in London. Our results suggest that there are positive stadium effects on property prices, which are large compared with construction costs. Notable anticipation effects are found immediately following the announcement of the stadium plans. We further argue that stadium architecture plays a role in promoting positive spillovers to the neighbourhood.

Applying linked data approaches to pharmacology: Architectural decisions and implementation

Abstract: The discovery of new medicines requires pharmacologists to interact with a number of information sources ranging from tabular data to scientific papers, and other specialized formats. In this application report, we describe a linked data platform for integrating multiple pharmacology datasets that form the basis for several drug discovery applications. The functionality offered by the platform has been drawn from a collection of prioritised drug discovery business questions created as part of the Open PHACTS project, a collaboration of research institutions and major pharmaceutical companies. We describe the architecture of the platform focusing on seven design decisions that drove its development with the aim of informing others developing similar software in this or other domains. The utility of the platform is demonstrated by the variety of drug discovery applications being built to access the integrated data.An alpha version of the OPS platform is currently available to the Open PHACTS consortium and a first public release will be made in late 2012, see http://www.openphacts.org/ for details.

Space debris removal by ground-based lasers: main conclusions of the European project CLEANSPACE

Abstract: Studies show that the number of debris in low Earth orbit is exponentially growing despite future debris release mitigation measures considered. Specifically, the already existing population of small and medium debris (between 1 cm and several dozens of cm) is today a concrete threat to operational satellites. A ground-based laser solution which can remove, at low expense and in a nondestructive way, hazardous debris around selected space assets appears as a highly promising answer. This solution is studied within the framework of the CLEANSPACE project which is part of the FP7 space program. The overall CLEANSPACE objective is: to propose an efficient and affordable global system architecture, to tackle safety regulation aspects, political implications and future collaborations, to develop affordable technological bricks, and to establish a roadmap for the development and the future implantation of a fully functional laser protection system. This paper will present the main conclusions of the CLEANSPACE project.

Towards a Model-Driven-Architecture Process for Smart Grid Projects

Abstract: The complexity in electrical power systems is continuously increasing due to its advancing distribution. This affects the topology of the grid infrastructure as well as the IT-infrastructure, leading to various heterogeneous systems, data models, protocols, and interfaces. This in turn raises the need for appropriate processes and tools that facilitate the management of the systems architecture on different levels and from different stakeholders’ view points. In order to achieve this goal, a common understanding of architecture elements and means of classification shall be gained. The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) proposed in context of the European standardization mandate M/490 provides a promising basis for domainspecific architecture models. The idea of following a Model-Driven-Architecture (MDA)-approach to create such models, including requirements specification based on Smart Grid use cases, is detailed in this contribution. The SGAM-Toolbox is introduced as tool-support for the approach and its utility is demonstrated by two real-world case studies.

Solar energy systems in the reconstruction of heritage historical buildings of the northern towns (for example saint-petersburg)

Abstract: The use of solar energy supply systems for the reconstruction of facilities, historical and cultural monuments, faces many difficulties. Particularly because of the need to preserve the outside shape of the building. It is necessary to find a method of integration of solar energy system supply, but not at the expense of the architectural heritage, and ensuring optimum production of solar energy. The method should not touch at all the facade of the architecture. The author proposes to allocate additional energy supply systems based on solar energy in the class of temporary structures, potentially separable from the capital base of the building. Hence, the creation of the concept of Building-independent temporary photovoltaics constructions (BITPVC).This article is dedicated to the issues of architectural adaptation and harmonious integration of solar energy technologies in the historic environment of the northern towns (for example Saint-Petersburg).

The Death of Drawing : Architecture in the Age of Simulation

Abstract: The Death of Drawing explores the causes and effects of the epochal shift from drawing to computation as the chief design and communication medium in architecture. Drawing both framed the thinking of architects and organized the design and construction process to place architects at its center. Its displacement by building information modeling (BIM) and computational design recasts both the terms in which architects think and their role in building production. Author David Ross Scheer explains that, whereas drawing allowed architects to represent ideas in form, BIM and computational design simulate experience, making building behavior or performance the primary object of design. The author explores many ways in which this displacement is affecting architecture: the dominance of performance criteria in the evaluation of design decisions; the blurring of the separation of design and construction; the undermining of architects’ authority over their projects by automated information sharing; the elimination of the human body as the common foundation of design and experience; the transformation of the meaning of geometry when it is performed by computers; the changing nature of design when it requires computation or is done by a digitally-enabled collaboration. Throughout the book, Scheer examines both the theoretical bases and the practical consequences of these changes. The Death of Drawing is a clear-eyed account of the reasons for and consequences of the displacement of drawing by computational media in architecture. Its aim is to give architects the ability to assess the impact of digital media on their own work and to see both the challenges and opportunities of this historic moment in the history of their discipline.

Mobility and locative media : mobile communication in hybrid spaces

Abstract: Introduction: Moving Towards Adjacent Possibles Adriana de Souza e Silva & Mimi Sheller Part I: Re-thinking Cohesion, Coordination, and Navigation 1. Mobile Phones and Digital Gemeinschaft: Social Cohesion in the Era of Cars, Clocks and Mobile Phones Rich Ling 2. Walking in the Hybrid City: From Micro-Coordination to Chance Orchestration Robbin van der Akker 3. Direct Video Observation of the uses of Smartphones on the Move: Reconceptualizing Mobile Multi-Activity Christian Licoppe & Julien Figeac 4. Rerouting Borders: Politics of Mobility and the Transborder Immigrant Tool Fernanda Duarte Part II: Performing Location, Place-Making, and Mobile Gaming 5. Online Place Attachment: Exploring Technological Ties to Physical Places Raz Schwartz 6. Location as a Sense Of Place: Everyday Life, Mobile and Spatial Practices in Urban Spaces Didem OEzkul 7. Performing City Transit Taien Ng Chan 8. Location-Based Gaming Apps and the Commercialization of Locative Media Dale Leorke 9. Houses in motion: An Overview of Gamification in the Context of Mobile Interfaces Nathan Hulsey Part III: Mobile Cities: Mapping, Architecture and Planning 10. Exploring Locative Media for Cultural Mapping Peter Hemmersam, Jonny Aspen, Andrew Morrison, Idunn Sem, & Martin Havnor 11. Designing for Mobile Activities: Wifi Hotspots, Users and the Relational Programming of Place Michael Doyle 12.The Power of Place and Perspective: Sensory Media and Situated Simulations in Urban Design Gunnar Liestol & Andrew Morrison 13. The Will to Connection: A Research Agenda for the "Programmable City" and an ICT "Toolbox" for Urban Planning Ole B. Jensen Epilogue 14. Restless: Locative Media as Generative Displacement Teri Rueb

Traffic segregation in ddos attack architecture

Abstract: In one embodiment, a particular node in a network determines information relating to network attack detection and mitigation from a local machine learning attack detection and mitigation system. The particular node sends a message to an address in the network indicating capabilities of the local machine learning attack detection and mitigation system based on the information. In response to the sent message, the particular node receives an indication that it is a member of a collaborative group of nodes based on the capabilities of the local machine learning attack detection and mitigation system being complementary to capabilities of other machine learning attack detection and mitigation systems. Then, in response to an attack being detected by the local machine learning attack detection and mitigation system, the particular node provides to the collaborative group of nodes an indication of attack data flows identified as corresponding to the attack.

An energy-harvesting sensor architecture and toolkit for building monitoring and event detection

Abstract: Understanding building usage patterns and resource consumption, particularly for existing buildings, requires a sensing infrastructure for the building. Often, deploying these sensors and obtaining real-time information is hindered by installation and maintenance difficulties resulting from scaling down and powering these devices. Devices that rely on batteries are limited by the scale of the batteries and the maintenance cost of replacing them while AC mains powered sensors incur high upfront installation costs. To mitigate these burdens, we present a new architecture for designing building-monitoring focused energy-harvesting sensors. The key to this architecture is masking the inevitable inter-mittency provided by energy-harvesting with a trigger abstraction that activates the device only when there is useful work to be done. In this paper, we describe our architecture and demonstrate how it supports existing energy-harvesting sensor designs. Further, we realize three additional design points within the architecture and demonstrate how the sensors are effective at building monitoring and event detection. The sensors, however, are classically disruptive: they improve ease of installation and maintenance, but to do so, they sacrifice some fidelity and reliability. Whether this trade-off is acceptable remains to be explored, but the technology needed to do so is now here.

Doing Disability Differently: An alternative handbook on architecture, dis/ability and designing for everyday life

Abstract: This ground-breaking book aims to take a new and innovative view on how disability and architecture might be connected. Rather than putting disability at the end of the design process, centred mainly on compliance, it sees disability – and ability – as creative starting points for the whole design process. It asks the intriguing question: can working from dis/ability actually generate an alternative kind of architectural avant-garde? To do this, Doing Disability Differently: explores how thinking about dis/ability opens up to critical and creative investigation our everyday social attitudes and practices about people, objects and space argues that design can help resist and transform underlying and unnoticed inequalities introduces architects to the emerging and important field of disability studies and considers what different kinds of design thinking and doing this can enable asks how designing for everyday life – in all its diversity – can be better embedded within contemporary architecture as a discipline offers examples of what doing disability differently can mean for architectural theory, education and professional practice aims to embed into architectural practice, attitudes and approaches that creatively and constructively refuse to perpetuate body 'norms' or the resulting inequalities in access to, and support from, built space. Ultimately, this book suggests that re-addressing architecture and disability involves nothing less than re-thinking how to design for the everyday occupation of space more generally.