Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2017"
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05 May 2017
TL;DR: The first, in depth book on the work of Forensic Architecture, a field of study which the author established, is as mentioned in this paper, which is conceived as the inaugural book of a new academic field providing an introduction to the history, practice, assumptions, potentials, and double binds of FA.
Abstract: This is the first, in depth book on the work of Forensic Architecture, a field of study which the author established. It is conceived as the inaugural book of a new academic field providing an introduction to the history, practice, assumptions, potentials, and double binds of FA. Across its 376 pages, it includes both theoretical and methodological reflections was well as dozens of investigations (in Pakistan, the West Bank, Syria, Gaza and Guatemala), original maps, images, models and diagrams (that are themselves research products). The book demonstrates how architecture can be used an analytical framework to investigate armed conflicts and environmental destruction, as well as to cross-reference a variety of evidence sources, such as new media, remote sensing, material analysis, witness testimony, and crowd-sourcing. Forensic Architecture calls for a transformative politics in which architecture as a field of knowledge and a mode of interpretation exposes and confronts ever-new forms of state violence and secrecy.
125 citations
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TL;DR: A literature review on parametric design in architecture practice is presented and a focus on its applications in daylighting and solar radiation, which can have an essential impact on improving daylight availability and energy saving.
Abstract: In the history, architecture was exploited to the human being to protect him from unsteady environmental conditions. In the past centuries, architecture was pioneer art which has special features such as; simplicity, organization, clear style, accurate decoration, material assembly, and so on. However, modern buildings become complex products that have so many parts which have to fulfil different functions. Therefore, new computational ways and techniques have been developed to facilitate the design of modern complicated buildings and to create a convenient quantitative relationship between the environment and the envelope, putting into consideration the obstacles which influence on the building design. This has therefore formed the concept of parametric design in architecture, in order to deal with complex designs and gain more accurate results. Modern architects claim that parametric design is the most creative way to understand the development and complexity of the new era of architectural trends [1]. Meanwhile, it is really hard to deal with sophisticated details in buildings using our brains to imagine, or conventional ways to design [2]. In addition, building technologies nowadays are integrated and containing many disciplines in the same time, and each discipline is dependent on the other disciplines in a very complex vast connections. Hence, they should be organized in a database container, and this container could be managed parametrically using parametric design as an advanced way to explore and understand these sophisticated relations [3]. This paper hence presents a literature review on parametric design in architecture practice and put a focus on its applications in daylighting and solar radiation, which can have an essential impact on improving daylight availability and energy saving.
107 citations
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01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This tutorial explains how to create a component—in this example, UService—that contains nothing but an interface, which is an ideal target for less stable components to depend on when using dynamically typed languages.
Abstract: Components You may find it strange that we would create a component—in this example, UService—that contains nothing but an interface. Such a component contains no executable code! It turns out, however, that this is a very common, and necessary, tactic when using statically typed languages like Java and C#. These abstract components are very stable and, therefore, are ideal targets for less stable components to depend on. When using dynamically typed languages like Ruby and Python, these abstract components don’t exist at all, nor do the dependencies that would
103 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that this nascent field of neuroarchitecture is at a pivotal point in which neuroscience and architecture are poised to extend to a neuroscience of architecture, and draw lessons from recent developments in neuroaesthetics to suggest how neuro-architectures might mature into an experimental science.
Abstract: A burgeoning interest in the intersection of neuroscience and architecture promises to offer biologically inspired insights into the design of spaces. The goal of such interdisciplinary approaches to architecture is to motivate construction of environments that would contribute to peoples' flourishing in behavior, health, and well-being. We suggest that this nascent field of neuroarchitecture is at a pivotal point in which neuroscience and architecture are poised to extend to a neuroscience of architecture. In such a research program, architectural experiences themselves are the target of neuroscientific inquiry. Here, we draw lessons from recent developments in neuroaesthetics to suggest how neuroarchitecture might mature into an experimental science. We review the extant literature and offer an initial framework from which to contextualize such research. Finally, we outline theoretical and technical challenges that lie ahead.
101 citations
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TL;DR: The investigation demonstrates that the proposed scheme offer valuable imminent into the community development systems to get better the existing smart urban architecture, and the efficiency of proposed architecture in terms of throughput is shown.
91 citations
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TL;DR: The proposed smart city framework operates on three levels: data generation and acquisition level collecting heterogeneous data related to city operations, data management and processing level filtering, analyzing, and storing data to make decisions and events autonomously, and application level initiating execution of the events corresponding to the received decisions.
Abstract: The concept of the smart city is widely favored, as it enhances the quality of life of urban citizens, involving multiple disciplines, that is, smart community, smart transportation, smart healthcare, smart parking, and many more. Continuous growth of the complex urban networks is significantly challenged by real-time data processing and intelligent decision-making capabilities. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a smart city framework based on Big Data analytics. The proposed framework operates on three levels: data generation and acquisition level collecting heterogeneous data related to city operations, data management and processing level filtering, analyzing, and storing data to make decisions and events autonomously, and application level initiating execution of the events corresponding to the received decisions. In order to validate the proposed architecture, we analyze a few major types of dataset based on the proposed three-level architecture. Further, we tested authentic datasets on Hadoop ecosystem to determine the threshold and the analysis shows that the proposed architecture offers useful insights into the community development authorities to improve the existing smart city architecture.
65 citations
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19 Sep 2017
TL;DR: The authors argue that we experience architecture primarily in states of distraction; we live in it first and look at it second; our contemplative gaze falls upon "architecture" within a spatial world we have already silently imbibed and embodied.
Abstract: We experience architecture primarily in states of distraction; we live in it
first and look at it second. Our contemplative gaze falls upon ‘architecture’
within a spatial world we have already silently imbibed and embodied.
How do we reconcile this unreflexive embodiment with the production of
architectural imagery; everyday life with architecture as discourse? This is
a key task for architectural theory and Bourdieu can be a useful ally.
63 citations
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TL;DR: A service-oriented architecture for aggregating ontological information from distributed data nodes for internet of things using semantic technologies to handle problems of heterogeneity and serve as the foundation to support different applications is provided.
63 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the international travels of ideas about sustainable urban planning and design through a focus on private sector architecture, planning and engineering consultants, and examine the impact of these consul...
Abstract: This paper examines the international travels of ideas about sustainable urban planning and design through a focus on private sector architecture, planning and engineering consultants. These consul ...
59 citations
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TL;DR: The architecture entails aspects like environment and self perception, planning and control, localization, map provision, Vehicle-To-X-communication, and interaction with human operators.
Abstract: This paper presents a functional system architecture for an automated vehicle. It provides an overall, generic structure that is independent of a specific implementation of a particular vehicle project. Yet, it has been inspired and cross-checked with a real world automated driving implementation in the Stadtpilot project at the Technische Universitat Braunschweig. The architecture entails aspects like environment and self perception, planning and control, localization, map provision, Vehicle-To-X-communication, and interaction with human operators.
59 citations
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27 Feb 2017
Abstract: In the last quarter century, a new form of iconic architecture has appeared throughout the world's major cities. Typically designed by globe-trotting "starchitects" or by a few large transnational architectural firms, these projects are almost always funded by the private sector in the service of private interests. Whereas in the past monumental architecture often had a strong public component, the urban ziggurats of today are emblems and conduits of capitalist globalization. In The Icon Project, Leslie Sklair focuses on ways in which capitalist globalization is produced and represented all over the world, especially in globalizing cities. Sklair traces how the iconic buildings of our era — elaborate shopping malls, spectacular museums, and vast urban megaprojects — constitute the triumphal "Icon Project" of contemporary global capitalism, promoting increasing inequality and hyperconsumerism. Two of the most significant strains of iconic architecture — unique icons recognized as works of art, designed by the likes of Gehry, Foster, Koolhaas, and Hadid, as well as successful, derivative icons that copy elements of the starchitects' work — speak to the centrality of hyperconsumerism within contemporary capitalism. Along with explaining how the architecture industry organizes the social production and marketing of iconic structures, he also shows how corporations increasingly dominate the built environment and promote the trend towards globalizing, consumerist cities. The Icon Project, Sklair argues, is a weapon in the struggle to solidify capitalist hegemony as well as reinforce transnational capitalist control of where we live, what we consume, and how we think.
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26 Oct 2017TL;DR: In this paper, Marden Fitzpatrick Nichols reveals how Vitruvius pitched the Greek discipline of architecture to his Roman readers, most of whom were undoubtedly laymen, and argues that the author never intended to provide an accurate view of contemporary buildings.
Abstract: Vitruvius' De architectura is the only extant classical text on architecture, and its impact on Renaissance masters including Leonardo da Vinci is well-known. But what was the text's purpose in its own time (ca. 20s BCE)? In this book, Marden Fitzpatrick Nichols reveals how Vitruvius pitched the Greek discipline of architecture to his Roman readers, most of whom were undoubtedly laymen. The inaccuracy of Vitruvius' architectural rules, when compared with surviving ancient buildings, has knocked Vitruvius off his pedestal. Nichols argues that the author never intended to provide an accurate view of contemporary buildings. Instead, Vitruvius crafted his authorial persona and remarks on architecture to appeal to elites (and would-be elites) eager to secure their positions within an expanding empire. In this major new analysis of De architectura from archaeological and literary perspectives, Vitruvius emerges as a knowing critic of a social landscape in which the house made the man.
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TL;DR: A use case of short-term load forecasting in non-residential buildings in the University of Girona is provided, in order to practically explain the services embedded in the described general layers architecture.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of architecture and architects in transforming the city's waterfront through spectacular architecture and urban design, and argued that although there was an overall planning goal that t...
Abstract: The well-known and much investigated rise of urban entrepreneurial policies has fuelled a transformation of urban spaces and landscapes, and has led to changes in the social composition of city centres. This is the case for Oslo, Norway’s capital, where increasingly urban policies are designed to attract transnational companies and those in the creative class. A key strategy to achieve this has been to transform the city’s waterfront through spectacular architecture and urban design, as has taken place in other European cities. Transnational and local architects have been commissioned to design the Barcode, one of the most striking waterfront projects. This article investigates the role of architecture and architects in this process, because architects can be seen as influential generators of urban spaces and agents for social change, and because there is remarkably little published empirical research on this specific role of architects. It is argued that although there was an overall planning goal that t...
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TL;DR: In recent years, building information modeling has been increasingly employed by the architecture, engineering and construction industry worldwide as a result of digital government in this paper, where building information models have been used for building design and construction.
Abstract: In recent years, building information modeling (BIM) has been increasingly employed by the architecture, engineering and construction industry worldwide as a result of digital government in...
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05 Jun 2017TL;DR: The findings reveal that typical reasons moving towards microservice architecture are complexity, scalability and code ownership, and when a software company grows big enough in size and starts facing problems regarding the size of the codebase, that is when microservices can be a good way to handle the complexity and size.
Abstract: One of the more recent avenues towards more flexible installations and execution is the transition from monolithic architecture to microservice architecture. In such architecture, where microservices can be more liberally updated, relocated, and replaced, building liquid software also becomes simpler, as adaptation and deployment of code is easier than when using a monolithic architecture where almost everything is connected. In this paper, we study this type of transition. The objective is to identify the reasons why the companies decide to make such transition, and identify the challenges that companies may face during this transition. Our method is a survey based on different publications and case studies conducted about these architectural transitions from monolithic architecture to microservices. Our findings reveal that typical reasons moving towards microservice architecture are complexity, scalability and code ownership. The challenges, on the other hand, can be separated to architectural challenges and organizational challenges. The conclusion is that when a software company grows big enough in size and starts facing problems regarding the size of the codebase, that is when microservices can be a good way to handle the complexity and size. Even though the transition provides its own challenges, these challenges can be easier to solve than the challenges that monolithic architecture presents to company.
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13 Oct 2017
TL;DR: This book describes the essential components of the SCION secure Internet architecture, the first architecture designed foremost for strong security and high availability.
Abstract: This book describes the essential components of the SCION secure Internet architecture, the first architecture designed foremost for strong security and high availability. Among its core features, SCION also provides route control, explicit trust information, multipath communication, scalable quality-of-service guarantees, and efficient forwarding. The book includes functional specifications of the network elements, communication protocols among these elements, data structures, and configuration files. In particular, the book offers a specification of a working prototype. The authors provide a comprehensive description of the main design features for achieving a secure Internet architecture. They facilitate the reader throughout, structuring the book so that the technical detail gradually increases, and supporting the text with a glossary, an index, a list of abbreviations, answers to frequently asked questions, and special highlighting for examples and for sections that explain important research, engineering, and deployment features. The book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students who are interested in network security.
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15 Feb 2017
TL;DR: The bio-tech architecture workshop as discussed by the authors discusses the role of metaphor in changing architectural concepts, and the importance of tacit knowing in learning to design, as well as the essential tension between tradition, innovation and linked solutions.
Abstract: Part 1: Science and technology: Ditching the dinosaur sanctuary Urban chaos or self-organization? Design method and new science Return to craft manufacture Visible and invisible complexities The bio-tech architecture workshop Part 2: Critical theory: Rationality and Meaning in design Architectural language games The role of metaphor in changing architectural concepts Function of tacit knowing in learning to design The essential tension Tradition, innovation and linked solutions Part 3: Regionalism and Globalization: Architecture as identity Living in a hybrid world Regional transformations Prime objects Localization versus globalization Ecodevelopment, technology and regionalism Architecture in the Pacific ocean Notes and references.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a reconceptualization of the design studio as the core of education in architecture, which can help update the concept of the Design Studio and transform it into a new participatory and delocalized learning space.
Abstract: Nowadays, the professional practice is undergoing changes that are affecting the work of architects. Architectural studios and engineering consultancies are reinventing themselves to adapt to social, technological and productive needs. However, despite the professional changes, the training of architects in schools continues to focus on educational models that have grown more and more distant from the professional demands. In view of this, schools of architecture have been forced to revise their programmes to develop teaching methods that enable them to adapt to the current situation. Thus, the Design Studio -considered as the core of education in architecture- needs a reconceptualization in order to change the way architects should learn. Pedagogical approaches such as distance learning and blended learning can help update the concept of the Design Studio and transform it into a new participatory and delocalized learning space.
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06 Apr 2017TL;DR: This paper proposes a service oriented reference architecture for smart cities which can tackle problems of integrated, autonomous systems together, and identifies some related open research questions.
Abstract: The trend towards turning existing cities into smart cities is growing. Facilitated by advances in computing such as Cloud services and Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities propose to bring integrated, autonomous systems together to improve quality of life for their inhabitants. Systems such as autonomous vehicles, smart grids and intelligent traffic management are in the initial stages of development. However, as of yet there, is no holistic architecture on which to integrate these systems into a smart city. Additionally, the existing systems and infrastructure of cities is extensive and critical to their operation. We cannot simply replace these systems with smarter versions, instead the system intelligence must augment the existing systems. In this paper we propose a service oriented reference architecture for smart cities which can tackle these problems and identify some related open research questions. The abstract architecture encapsulates the way in which different aspects of the service oriented approach span through the layers of existing city infrastructure. Additionally, the extensible provision of services by individual systems allows for the organic growth of the smart city as required.
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01 Sep 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a methodology for the acoustic analysis of Roman urban space, through an in-depth study of Ostia Antica, using digital humanities tools in combination with traditional archaeological site analyses in the interpretation of noise and acoustics.
Abstract: This thesis introduces a methodology for the acoustic analysis of Roman urban space, through an in-depth study of Ostia Antica. The archaeological site of Ostia offers the opportunity to analyse the acoustic effects of second century CE building techniques in a variety of spaces. The acoustic analyses introduced are the first application of a quantitative and qualitative sensory study approach to Roman urban space. The original approach draws on digital humanities tools in combination with traditional archaeological site analyses in the interpretation of noise and acoustics.
The thesis is developed in three main parts. First, an exploration of the Roman literary sources through a digital humanities approach, which contextualises the literary urban image of noise in Rome. Noise was a key element in the social perception of urban space. The Latin literary sources display an urban image of noise, especially noise relating to movement. This concern did not manifest itself in legal control of noise, but instead relied on social stigma and moral judgements. Second, an acoustic model was developed and analysed some of the primary building types and streets in second century CE Ostia. Sound isolation was only possible in certain places, a product of other construction techniques and design choices. Third, a social historical investigation of the everyday rhythms of work, which were the background noise of Ostia, was undertaken to develop an approach to urban divisions of space not visible in architecture. These three parts are grounded in spatial and social theory, drawing on work from urban geography and sensory studies.
This thesis shows the importance of acoustic analysis in understanding Roman architecture and urbanism in the second century CE. It develops an original approach to modelling and analysing architecture through acoustics. The application of such a model to the urban arrangement and layout of a Roman site has not been undertaken before. This thesis, therefore, forms an original contribution to the field of classical archaeology through the implementation and interpretation of acoustic modelling of partially preserved buildings, as well as the models application to the urban arrangement of second century CE Ostia.
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12 Dec 2017TL;DR: Architecture and Politics in Republican Rome as discussed by the authors explores the intersection between Roman Republican building practices and politics (c.509-44 BCE) and explores the urban development and image of Rome, setting out formal aspects of different types of architecture and technological advances.
Abstract: Architecture and Politics in Republican Rome is the first book to explore the intersection between Roman Republican building practices and politics (c.509–44 BCE). At the start of the period, architectural commissions were carefully controlled by the political system; by the end, buildings were so widely exploited and so rhetorically powerful that Cassius Dio cited abuse of visual culture among the reasons that propelled Julius Caesar's colleagues to murder him in order to safeguard the Republic. In an engaging and wide-ranging text, Penelope J. E. Davies traces the journey between these two points, as politicians developed strategies to manoeuver within the system's constraints. She also explores the urban development and image of Rome, setting out formal aspects of different types of architecture and technological advances such as the mastery of concrete. Elucidating a rich corpus of buildings that have been poorly understand, Davies demonstrates that Republican architecture was much more than a formal precursor to that of imperial Rome.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This work presents a deep neural model, where a non-linear mapping of users and item features are learnt first and a ranking based objective function is used to learn the parameters of the network.
Abstract: Deep neural networks have yielded immense success in speech recognition, computer vision and natural language processing. However, the exploration of deep neural networks for recommender systems has received a relatively less amount of inspection. Also, different recommendation scenarios have their own issues which creates the need for different approaches for recommendation. Specifically in news recommendation a major problem is that of varying user interests. In this work, we use deep neural networks with attention to tackle the problem of news recommendation. Our model is a hybrid of user-item collaborative filtering (using implicit feedback) which uses the content of the items as well. The key factor in user-item based collaborative filtering is to identify the interaction between user and item features. Matrix factorization is one of the most common approaches for identifying this interaction. It maps both the users and the items into a joint latent factor space such that user-item interactions in that space can be modeled as inner products in that space. Some recent work has used deep neural networks with the motive to learn an arbitrary function instead of the inner product that is used for capturing the user-item interaction. However, directly adapting it for the news domain does not seem to be very suitable. This is because of the dynamic nature of news readership where the interests of the users keep changing with time. Hence, it becomes challenging for recommendation systems to model both user preferences as well as account for the interests which keep changing over time. We present a deep neural model, where a non-linear mapping of users and item features are learnt first. For learning a non-linear mapping for the users we use an attention-based recurrent layer in combination with fully connected layers. For learning the mappings for the items we use only fully connected layers. We then use a ranking based objective function to learn the parameters of the network. We also use the content of the news articles as features for our model. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset show a significant improvement of our proposed model over the state-of-the-art by 4.7% (Hit Ratio@10). Along with this, we also show the effectiveness of our model to handle the user cold-start and item cold-start problems. 2 Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Authors’ Instructions
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TL;DR: This paper introduces IoT with emphasis on its driver technologies and system architecture, and focuses on identifying various issues and application areas of IoT as well as future research trends in the field of IoT.
Abstract: World Wide Web (1990‟s) and Mobile Internet (the 2000‟s) had consequential corroborated the way how people communicate. However, with evolution in technology, the cataclysm of Internet has stepped into a new phase-Internet of Things. Internet of Things, a prominent paradigm in the field of IT having a nominal intervention of humans allowing diverse things to communicate with each other, anticipate, sight, and perceive surroundings. IoT exploits RFID tags, NFC, sensors, smart bands, and wired or wireless communication technologies to build smart surroundings, smart Homes, quick-witted intelligence in medical care, ease of Transport, and more. This paper introduces IoT with emphasis on its driver technologies and system architecture. In addition to application layer protocols, we focus on identifying various issues and application areas of IoT as well as future research trends in the field of IoT. We have also highlighted how big data is associated with Internet of Things.
23 Nov 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore mid-twelfth century church architectures in west Sweden and present in-depth analysis of the sites, buildings, and their organization of forms and volumes.
Abstract: This thesis explores mid-twelfth century church architectures in west Sweden. The architectures are investigated in the light of a case, five parish churches’ naves, in particular their attics and surviving mid-twelfth century roofs. Working from the insight that these roofs were most likely visible from the rooms below, the thesis presents in-depth analysis of the sites, buildings, and their organisation of forms and volumes. The archaeological evidence is approached with architectural perspectives, and the study brings together a partly new view of the mid-twelfth century church architectures. The churches’ attics and roofs have seldom been in the focus in studies that interpret the historical church architectures. Thus, even if the uniquely old roofs are well preserved, we understand only fragments of how they may have been significant. The naves were created in a period before we have specific documentary evidence. Thus, as a study system, the idea that the archaeological physical remains establish ‘iterated, performed, articulations’ guide the work throughout. The physical evidence is approached with architectural perspectives. The historical architectures are viewed as a matrix for peoples’ beings and doings, which means that the architectures were both essential, present ‘everywhere’, and routine, ‘everyday’. The thesis presents relationships between the remains and architectural perspectives. Based on investigations in the buildings, and a 3D laser scan of one church, the analysis first focus on walls and roofs respectively and thereafter explores relationships between these. The interpretations show that the naves’ masonry walls formed a firm and ‘cave-like’ setting, and that the roofs contrasted with a light and ‘lively’ character. The roof in one nave, in Gökhems’ church, articulates or marks ‘zones’ in the room below, interpreted as the ‘west’, ‘middle’ and ‘east’. Thereafter the thesis focus attention on four architectural themes in a sequence of events, i.e. ‘discovery and approach’, ‘portal and doorway’, ‘entry and exploration’ and finally, ‘recalled in visual memory’. In these, the focus is on the same church in Gökhem however, some investigations connect to stave churches in Norway, as well as to a woven picture of a church, in a tapestry from north Sweden. In the last part, the thesis cast light on some important subsequent changes. The results provides a basis for future projects, pointing to the importance of the wooden built remains in Sweden and Norway, working from ‘site topology’, and analysis of medieval built environment from the viewpoint of preserved textiles. The five churches are part of a Swedish national heritage and they were, together with many other small churches in Sweden, extensively restored during the twentieth century. In this process, they lost some of their local diversity. As we now try to fit these monuments, which have a national identity, into an increasingly complex world with many identities, new understandings of the churches’ varying pasts are important. The thesis seeks to strengthen archaeological and architectural perspectives within conservation, and argues to include roofs as particularly significant, in future monument assessments.
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01 Dec 2017TL;DR: This study of 5-layer model shows how architecture in this context means a framework for the specifications of physical objects, their organization, communication principles, operational methods and data formats used in their operations and provides a definitive goal for rethinking CH in terms of sustainability.
Abstract: The Internet of Things(IoT) is a technology which is currently emerging and it can be viewed as a network of objects connected via. Internet, which aims to increase the availability of Internet at anyplace and any time(the state or capacity of being everywhere, especially at the same time) through integration of the physical objects (embedded with software, sensors, actuators etc.) into the information network which enables these objects to collect data and exchange it. IoT paradigm when applied to Cultural Heritage (CH) encompasses a very wide range of technologies, hence a single reference architecture won't be enough for all possible implementations. IoT's basic model is a 5-layered architecture comprising of Business, Application, Service Management, Object Abstraction and Objects layers. With the evident fact that IoT is still in its formative stages, the main objective of this paper is to reflect that the IoT architecture is growing in an evolutionary fashion. An area of overlap exists between several reference architectures and this study of 5-layer model shows how architecture in this context means a framework for the specifications of physical objects, their organization, communication principles, operational methods and data formats used in their operations. This model provides a definitive goal for rethinking CH in terms of sustainability along with development of new activities that generate economic returns.