Showing papers on "Architecture published in 2019"
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TL;DR: The Blockchain architecture, which is an emerging scheme for constructing the distributed networks, is introduced to reshape the traditional IIoT architecture to form a new multicenter partially decentralized architecture that provides better security and privacy protection than the traditional architecture.
Abstract: Through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a smart factory has entered the booming period. However, as the number of nodes and network size become larger, the traditional IIoT architecture can no longer provide effective support for such enormous system. Therefore, we introduce the Blockchain architecture, which is an emerging scheme for constructing the distributed networks, to reshape the traditional IIoT architecture. First, the major problems of the traditional IIoT architecture are analyzed, and the existing improvements are summarized. Second, we introduce a security and privacy model to help design the Blockchain-based architecture. On this basis, we decompose and reorganize the original IIoT architecture to form a new multicenter partially decentralized architecture. Then, we introduce some relative security technologies to improve and optimize the new architecture. After that we design the data interaction process and the algorithms of the architecture. Finally, we use an automatic production platform to discuss the specific implementation. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture provides better security and privacy protection than the traditional architecture. Thus, the proposed architecture represents a significant improvement of the original architecture, which provides a new direction for the IIoT development.
242 citations
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IBM1
TL;DR: This survey provides a formalism which unifies and categorizes the landscape of existing methods along with a detailed analysis that compares and contrasts the different approaches.
Abstract: The growing interest in both the automation of machine learning and deep learning has inevitably led to the development of a wide variety of automated methods for neural architecture search. The choice of the network architecture has proven to be critical, and many advances in deep learning spring from its immediate improvements. However, deep learning techniques are computationally intensive and their application requires a high level of domain knowledge. Therefore, even partial automation of this process helps to make deep learning more accessible to both researchers and practitioners. With this survey, we provide a formalism which unifies and categorizes the landscape of existing methods along with a detailed analysis that compares and contrasts the different approaches. We achieve this via a comprehensive discussion of the commonly adopted architecture search spaces and architecture optimization algorithms based on principles of reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithms along with approaches that incorporate surrogate and one-shot models. Additionally, we address the new research directions which include constrained and multi-objective architecture search as well as automated data augmentation, optimizer and activation function search.
183 citations
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01 Jan 201977 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that smart sustainable cities are becoming knowable, controllable, and tractable in new dynamic ways thanks to urban science, responsive to the data generated about their systems and domains by reacting to the analytical outcome of many aspects of urbanity.
Abstract: We are moving into an era where instrumentation, datafication, and computerization are routinely pervading the very fabric of cities, coupled with the interlinking, integration, and coordination of their systems and domains. As a result, vast troves of data are generated and exploited to operate, manage, organize, and regulate urban life, or a deluge of contextual and actionable data is produced, analyzed, and acted upon in real time in relation to various urban processes and practices. This data-driven approach to urbanism is increasingly becoming the mode of production for smart sustainable cities. In other words, a new era is presently unfolding wherein smart sustainable urbanism is increasingly becoming data-driven. However, topical studies tend to deal mostly with data-driven smart urbanism while barely exploring how this approach can improve and advance sustainable urbanism under what is labeled ‘data-driven smart sustainable cities.’ Having a threefold aim, this paper first examines how data-driven smart sustainable cities are being instrumented, datafied, and computerized so as to improve, advance, and maintain their contribution to the goals of sustainable development through more optimized processes and enhanced practices. Second, it highlights and substantiates the great potential of big data technology for enabling such contribution by identifying, synthesizing, distilling, and enumerating the key practical and analytical applications of this advanced technology in relation to multiple urban systems and domains with respect to operations, functions, services, designs, strategies, and policies. Third, it proposes, illustrates, and describes a novel architecture and typology of data-driven smart sustainable cities. The overall aim of this study suits thematic analysis as a research approach. I argue that smart sustainable cities are becoming knowable, controllable, and tractable in new dynamic ways thanks to urban science, responsive to the data generated about their systems and domains by reacting to the analytical outcome of many aspects of urbanity in terms of optimizing and enhancing operational functioning, management, planning, design, development, and governance in line with the goals of sustainable development. The proposed architecture, which can be replicated, tested, and evaluated in empirical research, will add additional depth to studies in the field. This study intervenes in the existing scholarly conversation by bringing new insights to and informing the ongoing debate on smart sustainable urbanism in light of big data science and analytics. This work serves to inform city stakeholders about the pivotal role of data-driven analytic thinking in smart sustainable urbanism practices, as well as draws special attention to the enormous benefits of the emerging paradigm of big data computing as to transforming the future form of such urbanism.
68 citations
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TL;DR: The primary aim of this article is to specify the mission, vision, and scope of research in HBI, an interdisciplinary domain of research interfacing Human-Computer Interaction with Architecture and Urban Design.
Abstract: Buildings and urban spaces increasingly incorporate artificial intelligence and new forms of interactivity, raising a wide span of research questions about the future of human experiences with, and within, built environments. We call this emerging area Human-Building Interaction (HBI) and introduce it as an interdisciplinary domain of research interfacing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) with Architecture and Urban Design. HBI seeks to examine the involvement of HCI in studying and steering the evolution of built environments. Therefore, we need to ask foundational questions such as the following: what are the specific attributes of built environments that HCI researchers should take into account when shifting attention and scale from “artefacts” to “environments”? Are architecture and interaction design methods and processes compatible? Concretely, how can a team of interaction designers bring their tools to an architectural project, and collaborate with other stakeholders? Can and will architecture change the theory and practice of HCI? Furthermore, research in HBI should produce knowledge and practical guidelines by experimenting novel design instances that combine architecture and digital interaction. The primary aim of this article is to specify the mission, vision, and scope of research in HBI. As the introductory article to the TOCHI special issue, it also provides a summary of published manuscripts and describes their collective contribution to the development of this field.
66 citations
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TL;DR: The main part of the article deals with the detailed proposal of the architecture framework and partial views on architecture (sub-architectures) and a methodology, including a proposal of appropriate steps, solutions and responsibilities for them.
54 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the differences between Mediterranean vernacular and contemporary residential buildings of the city of Nablus at the building scale are discussed, and the results of this research allow understanding how the new city residential buildings are far away from the sustainability principles and how the old city is close to it.
Abstract: The strongest point of vernacular architecture is the harmony between environment and buildings. Mediterranean vernacular architecture is harmonized with its local context, including culture and traditions. In addition, it respects environmental and climatic factors, construction materials, and morphology. In the past, people in Palestine built their houses according to their possibilities, needs, available materials, topography, and culture. Without any control from the government or any legal limitations or architects, it was people’s architecture, simple architecture. This paper discusses the differences between vernacular and contemporary residential buildings of the city of Nablus at the building scale. The research methodology adopts explanatory qualitative analysis and comparative synthesis methods for both the old and the new buildings of the city of Nablus and considers many parameters of residential buildings such as building materials, interior spaces, openings and vegetation, and the effect of sociocultural values on each. The outcomes of this research allow understanding how the new city residential buildings are far away from the sustainability principles and how the old city is close to it and how the architects and stakeholders could learn from the strategies of vernacular architecture.
44 citations
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06 Nov 2019
TL;DR: Architecture Theory as mentioned in this paper is a collection of essays about architecture written since the Renaissance, copiously illustrated and neatly organized chronologically by country from Alberti and Palladio to Le Corbusier and Koolhaas.
Abstract: If you've ever wondered what goes through architects' minds when they design buildings, you'll be happy to know that there's no shortage of brilliant reading material to satisfy your curiosity Wading through the archives at your local library may prove fruitful to your endeavor, but it won't give you the instant gratification that "Architecture Theory" will This book brings together all of the most important and influential essays about architecture written since the Renaissance, copiously illustrated and neatly organized chronologically by country From Alberti and Palladio to Le Corbusier and Koolhaas, the best treatises by architecture's greatest masters are gathered here, each accompanied by an essay discussing its historical context and significance This is the all-in-one, must-have book for anyone interested in what architects have to say about their craft This is the comprehensive overview that will help transform even the most uninformed novices into well-informed connoisseurs!
41 citations
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TL;DR: The fundamentals of different computer architecture simulation techniques are reviewed and a detailed comparison of these simulators based on other features such as flexibility and micro-architectural details is performed.
Abstract: Computer architecture simulators play an important role in advancing computer architecture research. With wider research directions and the increased number of simulators that have been developed, it becomes harder to choose a particular simulator to use. This paper reviews the fundamentals of different computer architecture simulation techniques. It also surveys many computer architecture simulators and classifies them into different groups based on their simulation models. Comparing computer architecture simulators with each other and validating their accuracy have been demanding tasks for architects. In addition to providing a survey of computer architecture simulation tools, we measured the experimental error of six contemporary computer architecture simulators: gem5, MARSS×86 , Multi2Sim, PTLsim, Sniper, and ZSim. We also performed a detailed comparison of these simulators based on other features such as flexibility and micro-architectural details. We believe that this paper will be a very useful resource for the computer architecture community especially for early-stage computer architecture and systems researchers to gain exposure to the existing architecture simulation options.
40 citations
Bell Labs1, Huawei2, Eurescom3, University of Bristol4, IBM5, Airbus6, Charles III University of Madrid7, Aalto University8, Samsung9, University of Surrey10, Telefónica11, Nokia12, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki13, University of Paderborn14, Brunel University London15, Institut für Rundfunktechnik16, Institut Eurécom17, University of Rome Tor Vergata18, University of Leicester19
38 citations
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30 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the long history of ecology and its relationship to, and influence on, architectural thought, paying particular attention to the periods when it was a popular idea and it had an impact on the imagination and outlook of architects.
Abstract: This thesis looks at the idea of ecology and its relationship to, and influence on, architectural thought. Ecological thinking emerged as a subset of biology in the second half of the nineteenth century and developed as a philosophical idea and a political outlook. As an idea that stands in the hinterland between science and society, it has not been particularly stable; sometimes it is fashionable, at other times it has disappeared from consciousness. This thesis looks at the long history of ecology, paying particular attention to the periods when it was a popular idea and it had an impact on the imagination and outlook of architects. The first of these periods is in the decades from Darwin's publication of his theory of evolution through to the run-up to the First World War, prior to the emergence of the Modern Movement. The second period is brief, from the late ‘60s through to the early '70s, and is popularly referred to as the Age of Ecology. Finally, there is the period from 2000 to the present. The final section of the study looks at the impact of ecological thought on architectural ideas and buildings today, when there is a high level of concern about the environment. Through historical interpretation, the study identifies some of the core themes of ecological thought and looks at their relationship to the design of the built environment. It traces the recurring themes of naturalism, vitalism and materialism, which are emerging as significant influences on today's architecture. The thesis includes research interviews with some of the leading architectural thinkers and historians of our time in order to situate the discussion of ecology in the broader discourse on the purpose and nature of architecture and the future of the discipline and the profession.
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18 Apr 2019TL;DR: Adaptive reuse as discussed by the authors is the process of repairing and restoring existing buildings for new or continued use, and it is becoming an essential part of architectural practice, as mounting demographic, economic, and ecological challenges limit opportunities for new construction, architects increasingly focus on transforming and adapting existing buildings.
Abstract: Adaptive reuse – the process of repairing and restoring existing buildings for new or continued use – is becoming an essential part of architectural practice. As mounting demographic, economic, and ecological challenges limit opportunities for new construction, architects increasingly focus on transforming and adapting existing buildings.
This book introduces adaptive reuse as a new discipline. It provides students and professionals with the understanding and the tools they need to develop innovative and creative approaches, helping them to rethink and redesign existing buildings – a skill which is becoming more and more important. Part I outlines the history of adaptive reuse and explains the concepts and methods that lie behind new design processes and contemporary practice. Part II consists of a wide range of case studies, representing different time periods and strategies for intervention. Iconic adaptive reuse projects such as the Caixa Forum in Madrid and the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam are discussed alongside less famous and spontaneous transformations such as the Kunsthaus Tacheles in Berlin, in addition to projects from Italy, Spain, Croatia, Belgium, Poland, and the USA.
Featuring over 100 high-quality color illustrations, Adaptive Reuse of the Built Heritage is essential reading for students and professionals in architecture, interior design, heritage conservation, and urban planning.
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01 Apr 2019TL;DR: The goal of the paper is to show which software functions are necessary for letting the car drive autonomously and fast around a racetrack.
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed description of the software architecture that is used in the autonomous Roborace vehicles by the TUM-Team. The development of the software architecture was driven by both hardware components and usage of open source languages for making the software architecture reusable and easy to understand. The architecture combines the autonomous software functions perception, planning and control which are modularized for the usage on different hardware and for the purpose of using the car on high speed racetracks. The goal of the paper is to show which software functions are necessary for letting the car drive autonomously and fast around a racetrack.
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TL;DR: A distributed blockchain-based security protection architecture is proposed, in which smart contracts, as an intelligent protocol in the blockchain technology, are exploited to automatically achieve system confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.
Abstract: The ubiquitous nature of a connected health system imposes challenges with regard to the design of system architecture, security, and privacy. Different from traditional centralized systems, a distributed blockchain-based security protection architecture is proposed. In particular, smart contracts, as an intelligent protocol in the blockchain technology, are exploited to automatically achieve system confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Research challenges related to security and privacy issues in our proposed architecture are then analyzed, followed by potential solutions. Finally, security performance simulations and analyses are conducted to validate and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed security architecture.
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05 Sep 2019TL;DR: Favro and Yegul as mentioned in this paper present a comprehensive history and analysis of the Roman built environment, emphasizing design and planning aspects of buildings and streetscapes, showing how local influences and technologies were incorporated across the vast Roman territory.
Abstract: Since antiquity, Roman architecture and planning have inspired architects and designers. In this volume, Diane Favro and Fikret Yegul offer a comprehensive history and analysis of the Roman built environment, emphasizing design and planning aspects of buildings and streetscapes. They explore the dynamic evolution and dissemination of architectural ideas, showing how local influences and technologies were incorporated across the vast Roman territory. They also consider how Roman construction and engineering expertise, as well as logistical proficiency, contributed to the making of bold and exceptional spaces and forms. Based on decades of first-hand examinations of ancient sites throughout the Roman world, from Britain to Syria, the authors give close accounts of many sites no longer extant or accessible. Written in a lively and accessible manner, Roman Architecture and Urbanism affirms the enduring attractions of Roman buildings and environments and their relevance to a global view of architecture. It will appeal to readers interested in the classical world and the history of architecture and urban design, as well as wide range of academic fields. With 835 illustrations including numerous new plans and drawings as well as digital renderings.
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TL;DR: A new approach to initiate and develop Smart City model is provided based on decentralized intelligence, where a number of processes are carried out at the level of so-called building blocks, and multi-agent systems are proposed as a design tool for the particular building blocks.
Abstract: Nowadays the term Smart City is widely used and almost every city aims to become "Smart". Unfortunately, the definitions of what Smart means differ and there is not a single accepted one. Often a technocratic view is adopted and the actual goalmmake city more liveablemis not kept in mind. In this paper, a new approach to initiate and develop Smart City model is provided. A unified model is one way to describe the processes within such complex and heterogeneous system as Smart City. It is based on the similarity to the well-established framework called ITS (Intelligent Transport System) architecture. First, an overview of the Smart City initiatives and key principles that often require change of the way how we think of projects is provided. Further, the objectives and approach to national ITS architectures are described and discussed, mainly aiming on its limitations for the practical use especially in the context of Smart Cities. Finally, this paper provides a guidance on how a Smart City Architecture shall be established to overcome the system complexity and to reduce its dimension in terms of volume of required data flow. The new approach is based on decentralized intelligence, where a number of processes are carried out at the level of so-called building blocks. Multi-agent systems are proposed as a design tool for the particular building blocks.
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TL;DR: A new architecture for Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) and big data is proposed by combining the data WareHouse (DWH) and Data Lake (DL), and defining a tool for heterogeneous data collection.
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03 Jul 2019
TL;DR: A detailed analysis of Peterborough cathedral's architecture, sculpture and artistic production is given in this paper, with a focus on the relationship between the former abbey, the city and its institutions, and the Soke over which it held sway.
Abstract: provided a welcome opportunity for a new analysis of the cathedral’s architecture, sculpture and artistic production, and a reassessment of the relationship between the former abbey, the city and its institutions, and the Soke over which it held sway. This ambitious volume casts new light on the Roman occupation of the Nene Valley, and the rich Anglo-Saxon sculptural and manuscript context that preceded the construction of the present cathedral, as well as exploring the vital Romanesque tradition of the Soke and the essential contribution of the Barnack quarries. But inevitably the most exciting new disclosures concern the church: its highquality building campaigns during the 12th to 16th centuries, its abbots’ tombs, and the reconstruction of the lost 14th-century high altar screen from descriptions and loose fragments. Peterborough has attracted the attention of antiquarian scholars since its sacking by Cromwell’s men during the Civil War, and as its secrets are gradually revealed it continues to stimulate the historical imagination.
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TL;DR: The quality, in terms of bug-proneness, of a large, complex software project cannot be fundamentally improved without first fixing its architectural flaws, and this model provides new ways to analyze software quality.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an architecture model called Design Rule Space (DRSpace). We model the architecture of a software system as multiple overlapping DRSpaces, reflecting the fact that any complex software system must contain multiple aspects, features, patterns, etc. We show that this model provides new ways to analyze software quality. In particular, we introduce an Architecture Root detection algorithm that captures DRSpaces containing large numbers of a project's bug-prone files, which are called Architecture Roots (ArchRoots). After investigating ArchRoots calculated from 15 open source projects, the following observations become clear: from 35 to 91 percent of a project's most bug-prone files can be captured by just 5 ArchRoots, meaning that bug-prone files are likely to be architecturally connected. Furthermore, these ArchRoots tend to live in the system for significant periods of time, serving as the major source of bug-proneness and high maintainability costs. Moreover, each ArchRoot reveals multiple architectural flaws that propagate bugs among files and this will incur high maintenance costs over time. The implication of our study is that the quality, in terms of bug-proneness, of a large, complex software project cannot be fundamentally improved without first fixing its architectural flaws.
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22 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a system architecture for Digital Twins (DTs) specifically designed at both the building and city levels, which integrates heterogeneous data sources, supports effective data querying and analysing, supports decision-making processes in O&M management, and further bridges the gap between human relationships with buildings/cities.
Abstract: A Digital Twin (DT) refers to a digital replica of physical assets, processes and systems. DTs integrate artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics to create living digital simulation models that are able to learn and update from multiple sources, and to represent and predict the current and future conditions of physical counterparts. However, the current activities related to DTs are still at an early stage with respect to buildings and other infrastructure assets from an architectural and engineering/construction point of view. Less attention has been paid to the operation & maintenance (O&M) phase, which is the longest time span in the asset life cycle. A systematic and clear architecture verified with practical use cases for constructing a DT would be the foremost step for effective operation and maintenance of buildings and cities. According to current research about multi-tier architectures, this paper presents a system architecture for DTs which is specifically designed at both the building and city levels. Based on this architecture, a DT demonstrator of the West Cambridge site of the University of Cambridge was developed, which integrates heterogeneous data sources, supports effective data querying and analysing, supports decision-making processes in O&M management, and further bridges the gap between human relationships with buildings/cities. This paper aims at going through the whole process of developing DTs in building and city levels from the technical perspective and sharing lessons learnt and challenges involved in developing DTs in real practices. Through developing this DT demonstrator, the results provide a clear roadmap and present particular DT research efforts for asset management practitioners, policymakers and researchers to promote the implementation and development of DT at the building and city levels.
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TL;DR: The research aims to better understand the impact smart material systems have on the design and construction processes, and to explore the way to create architecture with better adaptive characteristics, to ultimately reach the state of “adaptiveness”.
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01 Feb 2019TL;DR: This work proposes What’s Next (WN), a set of anytime approximation techniques for energy harvesting: subword pipelining, subword vectorization and skim points, which transforms processing on energy-harvesting devices from all-or-nothing to as-is computing.
Abstract: Energy-harvesting devices operate under extremely tight energy constraints. Ensuring forward progress under frequent power outages is paramount. Applications running on these devices are typically amenable to approximation, offering new opportunities to provide better forward progress between power outages. We propose What’s Next (WN), a set of anytime approximation techniques for energy harvesting: subword pipelining, subword vectorization and skim points. Skim points fundamentally decouple the checkpoint location from the recovery location upon a power outage. Ultimately, WN transforms processing on energy-harvesting devices from all-or-nothing to as-is computing. We enable an approximate (yet acceptable) result sooner and proceed to the next task when power is restored rather than resume processing from a checkpoint to yield the perfect output. WN yields speedups of 2.26x and 3.02x on non-volatile and checkpoint-based volatile processors, while still producing high-quality outputs. Keywords-energy harvesting; intermittent computing; approximate computing;
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29 Mar 2019TL;DR: Evaluation of the four architectures shows that decomposing services into nodes reduce the data consumption over the network by 10% - 70%.
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect everyday physical objects to the internet. These objects will produce a significant amount of data. The traditional cloud computing architecture aims to process data in the cloud. As a result, a significant amount of data needs to be communicated to the cloud. This creates a number of challenges, such as high communication latency between the devices and the cloud, increased energy consumption of devices during frequent data upload to the cloud, high bandwidth consumption, while making the network busy by sending the data continuously, and less privacy because of less control on the transmitted data to the server. Fog computing has been proposed to counter these weaknesses. Fog computing aims to process data at the edge and substantially eliminate the necessity of sending data to the cloud. However, combining the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with the fog computing architecture is still an open challenge. In this paper, we propose to decompose services to create linked-microservices (LMS). Linked-microservices are services that run on multiple nodes but closely linked to their linked-partners. Linked-microservices allow distributing the computation across different computing nodes in the IoT architecture. Using four different types of architectures namely cloud, fog, hybrid and fog+cloud, we explore and demonstrate the effectiveness of service decomposition by applying four experiments to three different type of datasets. Evaluation of the four architectures shows that decomposing services into nodes reduce the data consumption over the network by 10% - 70%. Overall, these results indicate that the importance of decomposing services in the context of fog computing for enhancing the quality of service.
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22 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The first comprehensive documentation of BIG's trailblazing practice is the "Yes is More" as mentioned in this paper, where method, process, instruments, and concepts are constantly questioned and redefined.
Abstract: Yes is More is the easily accessible but unremittingly radical manifesto of Copenhagen-based architectural practice Bjarke Ingels Group, or BIG.Unlike a typical architectural monograph, this book uses the comic book format to express its groundbreaking agenda for contemporary architecture. It is also the first comprehensive documentation of BIG's trailblazing practice-where method, process, instruments, and concepts are constantly questioned and redefined. Or, as the group itself says:"Historically, architecture has been dominated by two opposing extremes: an avant-garde full of crazy ideas, originating from philosophy or mysticism; and the well organized corporate consultants that build predictable and boring boxes of high standard. Architecture seems entrenched: naively utopian or petrifyingly pragmatic. We believe there is a third way between these diametric opposites: a pragmatic utopian architecture that creates socially, economically, and environmentally perfect places as a practical objective. At BIG we are devoted to investing in the overlap between radical and reality. In all our actions we try to move the focus from the little details to the BIG picture." Bjarke Ingels attracts highly talented coworkers, but also gifted and ambitious clients from all over the world. He then creates intelligent synergies from wild energies and unforeseen dynamics, and transforms them into surprising, functional, valuable, and beautiful solutions to the specific and complex challenges in each task. BIG projects have won awards from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, and the Special Jury Prize at the Venice Architecture Biennale, as well as many other international prizes. Yes is More is a play on words that represents the company's ethos and sums up its irreverent attitude towards excessive formalism, and its determination to involve the population at large in its creations. As an extension of its methods and results, its debut monograph uses the most approachable and populist means of communication available-the comic.
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TL;DR: This research is among the first to introduce architecture options that provide a technical concept for the implementation of data sovereignty in business ecosystems using UC and supports the decision process for the technical implementation ofData sovereignty.
Abstract: Current business challenges force companies to exchange critical and sensitive data. The data provider pays great attention to the usage of their data and wants to control it by policies. The purpose of this paper is to develop usage control architecture options to enable data sovereignty in business ecosystems.,The architecture options are developed following the design science research process. Based on requirements from an automotive use case, the authors develop architecture options. The different architecture options are demonstrated and evaluated based on the case study with practitioners from the automotive industry.,This paper introduces different architecture options for implementing usage control (UC). The proposed architecture options represent solutions for UC in business ecosystems. The comparison of the architecture options shows the respective advantages and disadvantages for data provider and data consumer.,In this work, the authors address only one case stemming from the German automotive sector.,Technical enforcement of data providers policies instead of relying on trust to support collaborative data exchange between companies.,This research is among the first to introduce architecture options that provide a technical concept for the implementation of data sovereignty in business ecosystems using UC. Consequently, it supports the decision process for the technical implementation of data sovereignty.
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TL;DR: The National Provincial Bank of England (NPBO) as mentioned in this paper was built in the City of London in the mid-nineteenth century, and the analysis of the symbolism present in the architecture and design in nineteenth century British banking focuses upon the headquarters of NPBO and explores the symbols and messages that those at the bank wished to communicate to those that viewed the building.
Abstract: This article undertakes an analysis of the symbolism present in the architecture and design in nineteenth century British banking. It focuses upon the headquarters of National Provincial Bank of England, which was built in the 1860s. It explores the symbols and messages that those at the bank wished to communicate to those that viewed the building. The analysis finds that those at the bank impressed its national identity, achieved through its extensive branch network, as its key message which differentiated it from its rivals. Other symbols emphasized that it had adapted to the local market and was equal in terms of competency and richness in comparison to its competitors. We argue that these messages became part of the organization’s identity and its brand, as well as the culture of the City of London more broadly. The article provides a new explanation for symbolic meanings represented by bank architecture. It integrates the existing discussion of bank architecture in historical research with the theoretical frameworks and literature being developed in organizational identity and branding.
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TL;DR: The implementation of building information modeling (BIM) and automated data-capture techniques in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry are studied.
Abstract: Recent technological advances in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, including the implementation of building information modeling (BIM) and automated data-captu...
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31 Jan 2019-ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
TL;DR: The BIM methodology can be considered as a bridge between the archive documentation and the digital model, proving to be an effective tool as a data repository, semantically oriented, not only constituted by geometry, but also by alpha-numerical attributes, improving in effectiveness if it is directly related to formal language object oriented.
Abstract: . The Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Architectural Heritage field is constantly proving to be a fertile ground for the experimentation of innovative systems for the enhancement and management of cultural heritage. Regarding to the management of the entire process, the building field is increasing in efficiency from the construction to the management phase; conversely, the approach to historical buildings opens up interesting and heterogeneous scenarios, according to different levels of complexity. The presented work is the result of a collaboration between the Politecnico di Torino and the Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura of Granada: the main scope was to create an historic building information model (H-BIM) of the building that today hosts the Faculty of Architecture (ETSAG), taking into account its historical past from the sixteenth century up to the present day, as the result of many modifications, extensions and different use classifications over time. According to this, the BIM methodology can be considered as a bridge between the archive documentation and the digital model, proving to be an effective tool as a data repository, semantically oriented, not only constituted by geometry, but also by alpha-numerical attributes, improving in effectiveness if it is directly related to formal language object oriented.
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TL;DR: A new industrial big data processing architecture called Phi architecture is proposed, which can realize many functions such as batch data processing and stream data processing, distributed storage and access, and real-time control, and the development of microservices architecture greatly improves the efficiency, adaptability, and extensibility of the manufacturing process.
Abstract: The development of industry 4.0 has spurred the transformation of traditional manufacturing into modern industrial Internet-of-Things. The most notable feature during this transition is the improvement of digitization and intelligence based on the massive data drives. In such a data-driven environment, the processing, storage, and utilization of the industry data get more and more important. Usually, the traditional data processing architecture runs as a one-way streamline, which cannot adapt to the different requirements of the multi-scenario application. This paper proposed a new industrial big data processing architecture called Phi architecture, which can realize many functions such as batch data processing and stream data processing, distributed storage and access, and real-time control. Compared with other data processing architecture, the Phi architecture combined with edge computing and feedback control has the ability to deal with the different demands in aviation manufacturing. Next, the new architecture is designed for microservices pattern, which improves the flexibility and stability of the architecture, and makes it independent operated in multi-scenarios, such as state monitoring of workshop, adaptive data acquisition, feedback control, and user-oriented information classification. As a proof of concept, the architecture has been tested in a simulation digital manufacturing workshop. The results verify the improved effectiveness of the Phi architecture on the data feedback control and real-time processing. And, the development of microservices architecture greatly improves the efficiency, adaptability, and extensibility of the manufacturing process.