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Architecture

About: Architecture is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25849 publications have been published within this topic receiving 225266 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A functional reference architecture for autonomous driving is described, along with various considerations that influence such an architecture, and it is claimed that the presence of explicit components for world modeling, semantic understanding, and vehicle platform abstraction seem unique to this architecture.
Abstract: ContextAs autonomous driving technology matures toward series production, it is necessary to take a deeper look at various aspects of electrical/electronic (E/E) architectures for autonomous driving.ObjectiveThis paper describes a functional reference architecture for autonomous driving, along with various considerations that influence such an architecture. The functionality is described at the logical level, without dependence on specific implementation technologies.MethodEngineering design has been used as the research method, which focuses on creating solutions intended for practical application. The architecture has been refined and applied over a 5 year period to the construction of prototype autonomous vehicles in three different categories, with both academic and industrial stakeholders.ResultsThe architectural components are divided into categories pertaining to (i) perception, (ii) decision and control, and (iii) vehicle platform manipulation. The architecture itself is divided into two layers comprising the vehicle platform and a cognitive driving intelligence. The distribution of components among the architectural layers considers two extremes: one where the vehicle platform is as "dumb" as possible, and the other, where the vehicle platform can be treated as an autonomous system with limited intelligence. We recommend a clean split between the driving intelligence and the vehicle platform. The architecture description includes identification of stakeholder concerns, which are grouped under the business and engineering categories. A comparison with similar architectures is also made, wherein we claim that the presence of explicit components for world modeling, semantic understanding, and vehicle platform abstraction seem unique to our architecture.ConclusionThe concluding discussion examines the influences of implementation technologies on functional architectures and how an architecture is affected when a human driver is replaced by a computer. The discussion also proposes that reduction and acceleration of testing, verification, and validation processes is the key to incorporating continuous deployment processes.

85 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The use of behavioral sciences in architecture is often based on the assumption that the architect, by relying on the techniques and concepts of the behavioral sciences, will be able to circumvent some of the traditional difficulties of arriving at design solutions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter argues that both the belief in a scientifically determined architecture and the belief in an architecture based on the combination of science and intuition rest on false premises. The use of the behavioral sciences in architecture is often based on the assumption that the architect, by relying on the techniques and concepts of the behavioral sciences, will be able to circumvent some of the traditional difficulties of arriving at design solutions. In mentioning typology, Pastor Maldonado is suggesting something quite new, and something which has been rejected again and again by modern theorists. One of the most frequent arguments used against typological procedures in architecture has been that they are a vestige of an age of craft. It is held that the use of models by craftsmen became less necessary as the development of scientific techniques enabled man to discover the general laws underlying the technical solutions of the pre-industrial age.

85 citations

Book
30 Aug 1996
TL;DR: The Empire Building as discussed by the authors is a study of how and why Western architecture was exported to the Middle East and how Islamic and Byzantine architectural ideas and styles impacted on the West, through writers such as Ruskin and buildings such as the Crystal Palace.
Abstract: The colonial architecture of the nineteenth century has much to tell us of the history of colonialism and cultural exchange. Yet, these buildings can be read in many ways. Do they stand as witnesses to the rapacity and self-delusion of empire? Are they monuments to a world of lost glory and forgotten convictions? Do they reveal battles won by indigenous cultures and styles? Or do they simply represent an architectural style made absurdly incongruous in relocation? Empire Building is a study of how and why Western architecture was exported to the Middle East and how Islamic and Byzantine architectural ideas and styles impacted on the West. The book explores how far racial theory and political and religious agendas guided British architects (and how such ideas were resisted when applied), and how Eastern ideas came to influence the West, through writers such as Ruskin and buildings such as the Crystal Palace. Beautifully written and lavishly illustrated, Empire Building takes the reader on an extraordinary postcolonial journey, backwards and forwards, into the heart and to the edge of empire.

85 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20244
20235,088
202211,536
2021845
20201,174
20191,226