Arecoline

About: Arecoline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 744 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16015 citations. The topic is also known as: methylarecaiden & methylarecaidin.

The responses of the batrachian alimentary canal to autonomic drugs. xenopus lævis (the south african clawed toad)—arecoline

Abstract: 1 Arecoline causes contraction of every portion of the alimentary canal of Xenopus laevis (the South African clawed toad), and this is antagonised by atropine 2 These responses have been interpreted as proving that the whole of the digestive tract of X laevis receives motor (excitatory) fibres from the parasympathetic system 3 Arecoline, under certain conditions, is a more suitable drug than pilocarpine for demonstrating the presence of parasympathetic motor (excitatory) fibres

Short communication two distinct receptors are activated by arecoline on cockroach sixth abdominal ganglion dum neurones

Abstract: During the last decade, extensive biochemical and electrophysiological studies have been performed to characterize the pharmacological properties of cholinergic receptors of insect neurone somata (Sattelle, 1985; Breer and Sattelle, 1987; Benson, 1992). Although most of these studies have been focused on the pharmacological characterization of the cell body nicotinic receptors (Lane et al. 1982; Harrow and Sattelle, 1983; David and Sattelle, 1984; Benson, 1992), evidence for a population of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors exhibiting muscarinic and ‘mixed’ (nicotinic/muscarinic) properties has been reported on insect neurone somata (Benson and Neumann, 1987; Knipper and Breer, 1988; Benson, 1989, 1992, 1993; Trimmer and Weeks, 1989; David and Pitman, 1990, 1992, 1993). One group of insect neurones, called dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones, expresses functional cholinergic receptors that differ from the classic vertebrate ACh receptors in that, although DUM neurones were sensitive to ACh, the nicotinic and/or muscarinic nature of these receptors has not been resolved since the cholinergic antagonists abungarotoxin and atropine were relatively ineffective in blocking the ACh response (Goodman and Spitzer, 1980; Lane et al. 1982; Lapied et al. 1990). However, using a range of cholinergic antagonists known to be selective for vertebrate ACh receptors, it has recently been possible to demonstrate the diversity of functional ACh receptors; these include nicotinic, ‘mixed’ and muscarinic receptors mediating specific responses elicited by different cholinergic agonists, such as nicotine, muscarine, oxotremorine and McN-A343, on both isolated and in situ DUM neurones (Lapied et al. 1990, 1992; Bai et al. 1992). Extending these studies, we report in this paper that another cholinergic ligand, arecoline, which is known to act preferentially as a muscarinic agonist in vertebrate preparations (Wess et al. 1990), induced a complex response mediated by both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors on DUM neurones. All experiments were performed on in situ DUM neurones situated along the dorsal midline of the sixth abdominal (A6) ganglion of the nerve cord of adult male cockroaches Periplaneta americana L., obtained from our laboratory stock colony maintained at

A Simple and Rapid HPLC Technique for Determination of Arecoline in Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.) Extract

Abstract: A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of arecoline extract from areca nut is reported. Arecoline is a major component cholinomimetic alkaloid found in areca nuts. It was extracted from dried seed powder to obtain high purity before analysis. The contents of arecoline in unripe and ripe areca nuts were compared. The analytical conditions for reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection were as follows: column, a 250 × 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 mm, Inertsil ® ODS-3 (GL sciences Inc., Tokyo, Japan); mobile phase, a 88:12 (%v/v) mixture of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH 5.9); column temperature, 25 °C; flow rate, 1 mL/min; and detection at 254 nm. The retention time of arecoline was 5.0 min. The calibration curve of the method was linear (r 2 > 0.99) in the 10 - 200 mg/mL range. Method inter-day precision (RSD) was 0.42 - 1.15 %, and % recovery was 103.23 ± 5.76 % indicating high precision and accuracy of the method. The contents of arecoline in unripe and ripe areca nuts were 0.1434 ± 0.0016 and 0.0944 ± 0.0002 %w/w of dried seed powder, respectively. The method was simple, rapid, precise, accurate and selective to determine arecoline in areca nut extract.

Synthesis of [2H5]arecoline for use as internal standard in mass spectrometric assay

Abstract: Five deuterium atoms, three in the N-methyl group and one each in positions 2 and 6, were incorporated into the cholinergic agonist, arecoline (1), methyl 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate, with 96% efficiency. Trideuterated pyridinium iodide (2) was reduced with sodium borodeuteride or sodium cyanoborodeuteride in acidic medium to yield [2H5]arecoline (3). Significantly greater deuterium incorporation occurred when 2 was reduced with sodium cyanoborodeuteride. This reduction process is discussed. The synthesized labelled compound was determined to be a suitable internal standard for mass spectrometric assays.