Topic
Arecoline
About: Arecoline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 744 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16015 citations. The topic is also known as: methylarecaiden & methylarecaidin.
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TL;DR: CHIP may not only function as a key regulator of protein quality control but also a critical deciding factor to oral fibrogenesis, suggested that CHIP possesses the anti-fibrotic effect, which may be mediated by TGM2 regulation.
2 citations
TL;DR: A narrative review explores the past, present, and future aspects of betel nut use, its historical applications, the development of biomarkers research, its health value concerns, and health economic impacts.
Abstract:
The areca nut, commonly known as betel nut, has been the subject of consistent scientific study over the past 5 decades. Betel nut is a natural compound chewed for its psychostimulating effects. Arecoline, the primary alkaloid of betel nut, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist producing cholinergic effects on the parasympathetic nervous system and a psychoactive agent, contributing to the psycho-stimulating effects. Importantly the betel nut use is also associated with oral leucoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. This narrative review explores the past, present, and future aspects of betel nut use, its historical applications, the development of biomarkers research, its health value concerns, and health economic impacts.
2 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that L-687,306 may be a more generally effective muscarinic antagonist than scopolamine and support earlier reports that this antagonist has less direct effect on behavior.
Abstract: This study aimed to use central and peripheral assays to compare the effects of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine with those of a novel muscarinic antagonist, L-687,306 [(3R,4R)-3-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4,oxadiazol[5-yl]-1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. Groups of rats were trained to discriminate the stimulus effects of the muscarinic agonist, arecoline (1.0 mg/kg); concomitant measures of response rate were recorded. Separate groups were prepared with telemetery devices for recording bradycardia induced by arecoline (10 mg/kg). Methyl arecoline and arecoline were nearly equally potent in producing a brief but profound bradycardia, indicative of an equivalent effect in the heart. L-687,306 and scopolamine were both able to block this peripheral effect of arecoline. L-687,306 produced a surmountable antagonism of both the discriminative and rate-suppressing effects of arecoline. Scopolamine, however, was unable to antagonize the rate-reducing effects of arecoline in the discrimination assay. This limited the number of rats that could respond to the discriminative stimulus effects of arecoline, as well as the amount of arecoline stimulus effects they were able to report. The data suggest that L-687,306 may be a more generally effective muscarinic antagonist than scopolamine and support earlier reports that this antagonist has less direct effect on behavior.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The behavioral experiments showed that the new cognition-enhancing acyl-prolyn containing dipeptide GVS-111 promotes recovery of the test performance in animals with a long-term memory deficit caused by the M-cholinolytic scopolamine.
Abstract: The behavioral experiments using a passive avoidance learning model showed that the new cognition-enhancing acyl-prolyn containing dipeptide GVS-111 promotes recovery of the test performance in animals with a long-term memory deficit caused by the M-cholinolytic scopolamine (1 mg/kg/day scopolamine for 20 days, followed by 0.5 mg/kg/day GVS-111 for 10 days). At the same time, GVS-111 increased the duration of tremor induced by the M-cholinomimetic arecoline. The results of electrophysicological experiments showed that GVS-111 in a concentration range from 10(-11) to 10(-9) M increased amplitude of the neural response to acetylcholine (Ach) microappications in 75% of the isolated neurons of Helix Pomatum and produced a predominantly facilitating effect upon the endoneuronal pacemaker activity. The effect of GVS-111 upon the Ach response in a part of neurons was attenuated or even blocked by scopolamine, and in the other neurons--by the N-cholinolytic d-tubocurarine. This fact indicates that both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are involved in the mechanism of the cholino-sensitizing action of GVS-111 upon the neuronal activity.
2 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that arecoline cannot alter the action of metabolic stress on pineal-testicular activity in rats.
Abstract: Context Betel nut is consumed by millions of people for stress reduction and increased capacity to work. One of its components is arecoline which is useful for Alzheimer and schizophrenia; it also influences endocrine and gonadal functions. Objective Objective is to examine whether arecoline can influence pineal-testicular function in metabolic stress. Design Rats were deprived of food or water or treated them with arecoline, each separately for 5 days. Subjects Pineal and testis with sex accessories were studied. Methods Ultrastructural (pineal, testis, Leydig cells and prostate), hormonal (melatonin and testosterone) and other parameters (fructose and sialic acid) were examined. Pineal indoleamines were quantitated by fluorometric method; testosterone by ELISA, and carbohydrate fractions by spectrophotometric methods. Results Inanition/ water deprivation caused pineal stimulation ultrastructurally (with enlarged synaptic ribbons) and elevation of melatonin level, but reproductive dysfunction by ultrastructural degeneration of Leydig cells and prostate with fall of testosterone, fructose and sialic acid concentrations. Arecoline treatment showed reversed changes to those of metabolic stress, but arecoline treatment in metabolic stress showed same results as in metabolic stress. Conclusion The findings suggest that arecoline cannot alter the action of metabolic stress on pineal-testicular activity in rats.
2 citations