scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Arecoline

About: Arecoline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 744 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16015 citations. The topic is also known as: methylarecaiden & methylarecaidin.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: N-Nitrosoguvacoline (NG) is the only one N-nitrosamine found in Taiwanese betel quid chewing saliva and mutagenic studies showed that crude alkaloid extracts of areca fruit and arecoline were active in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, and NG was weakly active in TA98 and TA100.
Abstract: In Taiwan, betel quid is a natural masticatory, which is composed of fresh green areca fruit, Piper betle and slaked lime paste. Areca fruit contains some alkaloids, of which arecoline is the major one. N-Nitrosoguvacoline (NG), one of the N-nitrosation products of arecoline, is the only one N-nitrosamine found in Taiwanese betel quid chewing saliva. The mutagenic studies in Ames Salmonella microsome test showed that crude alkaloid extracts of areca fruit and arecoline were active in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, and NG was weakly active in TA98 and TA100. The activities in both arecoline and NG decreased further in the presence of rat liver S9 mix. Nitrite was significantly consumed during the N-nitrosation of arecoline and sodium nitrite at acidic condition (pH 3), whereas the formation of NG was favored at neutral condition (pH 7). Crude phenolic extracts of leaf and inflorescence of Piper betle inhibited the formation of NG by blocking the nitrite. However, a high amount of crude phenolic extracts of areca fruit enhanced the formation of NG.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data have provided a possible mechanism for arecoline‐induced carcinogenesis in subcytolytic doses in vivo and caused DNA damage through ROS, indicating that the reduced levels of p21 and p27 might facilitate G 1/S transition of the cell cycle and subsequently lead to error‐prone DNA replication.
Abstract: Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, has been shown to cause strong genotoxicity and is considered a potential carcinogen. However, the detailed mechanism for arecoline-induced carcinogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we noticed that the levels of p21 and p27 increased in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with high confluence. Furthermore, when treated with arecoline, elevated levels of p21 and p27 could be downregulated through the reactive oxygen species/mTOR complex 1 (ROS/mTORC1) pathway. Although arecoline decreased the activity of mTORC1, the amounts of autophagosome-like vacuoles or type II LC3 remained unchanged, suggesting that the downregulation of p21 and p27 was independent of autophagy-mediated protein destruction. Arecoline also caused DNA damage through ROS, indicating that the reduced levels of p21 and p27 might facilitate G (1) /S transition of the cell cycle and subsequently lead to error-prone DNA replication. In conclusion, these data have provided a possible mechanism for arecoline-induced carcinogenesis in subcytolytic doses in vivo.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Arecoline, safrole and nicotine, which are released in saliva during BQ chewing plus cigarette smoking, inhibit collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner and may induce OSF formation in Taiwan's patients.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with the betel quid chewing habit, and 86% of betel quid chewers in Taiwan are also smokers. Arecoline and safrole are major principles in the composition of betel quid, and nicotine is the main toxic ingredient of cigarettes. METHODS: To explore the pathogenesis of OSF, flow cytometry was used to compare collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts from the normal and the OSF region of the same 15 OSF patients. RESULTS: The results indicated that heterogeneity of fibroblasts existed because collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts from the normal region was higher than from the OSF region in the same patient. The percentage of phagocytic cells was significantly inhibited by 10, 25 and 50 lg/ml arecoline, safrole and nicotine in normal fibroblast cultures, respectively, and the percentage of phagocytic cells was significantly reduced by 25, 25 and 50 lg/ml arecoline, safrole and nicotine in OSF fibroblast cultures, respectively. Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts exhibited prominent dose-dependent inhibition as the concentration of arecoline, safrole, and nicotine increased. Besides, nicotine had a synergistic effect on arecoline- or safrole-inhibited collagen phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: The present study concludes that even in the same person, the collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts is different between normal and OSF region. The deficiency in collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts of the lesion might participate in the pathogenesis of OSF. Arecoline, safrole and nicotine, which are released in saliva during BQ chewing plus cigarette smoking, inhibit collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner and may induce OSF formation in Taiwan’s patients. J Oral Pathol Med (2004) 33: 581–7

39 citations

Journal Article
V H Sethy1, J W Francis
TL;DR: The results indicate that the muscarinic receptor system involved in the regulation of brain Ach levels may lack spare receptors.
Abstract: The cholinergic agonists oxotremorine, oxotremorine-1, oxotremorine-3, arecoline and BM 123 (N-[4-(2-chloroethylmethylamino)-2-butynyl]-2-pyrrolidone) were used to investigate the role of muscarinic receptors in the regulation of acetylcholine (Ach) concentration in the whole mouse brain. Intravenous oxotremorine, oxotremorine-1, oxotremorine-3 and arecoline dose-dependently decreased ex vivo binding of [3H]oxotremorine-M and correspondingly increased brain Ach concentration. The correlation coefficient between the ED50's of these two parameters was 0.90. BM 123 induced percentage of reduction in muscarinic receptors correlated with percentage of decrease in response of oxotremorine, for increasing brain Ach concentration. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptor system involved in the regulation of brain Ach levels may lack spare receptors.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that arecoline induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, TGF-beta1, p21(WAF1) and activates p53 in Clone-9 cells.

38 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Dopamine
45.7K papers, 2.2M citations
70% related
Receptor
159.3K papers, 8.2M citations
69% related
Agonist
53.7K papers, 1.9M citations
68% related
In vivo
61.3K papers, 1.9M citations
66% related
Glutamate receptor
33.5K papers, 1.8M citations
65% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202335
202243
202126
202038
201921
201818