Topic
Arecoline
About: Arecoline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 744 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16015 citations. The topic is also known as: methylarecaiden & methylarecaidin.
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TL;DR: Both the increase in hippocampal theta wave activity and increase in blood pressure may have been mediated through muscarinic receptors of the M1 subtype, and further studies using a wider range of antagonists will be required to confirm this conclusion.
22 citations
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TL;DR: Coexposure of rainbow trout to a nonlethal concentration of carbaryl significantly increased the acute toxicity of 2,4-D n -butyl ester, dieldrin, rotenone, and pentachlorophenol, indicating that the potentiation produced by carbaryl may be related to its muscarinic activity.
21 citations
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TL;DR: The data suggest that carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1) is primarily responsible for the metabolism of arecoline in the mouse.
Abstract: 1. 1. The metabolism of arecoline (ARE) was examined in homogenates of mouse blood, brain, kidney, and liver tissue. 2. 2. Liver and kidney tissues exhibited the greatest rates of ARE metabolism. 3. 3. The specific carboxylesterase inhibitor TOCP (tri- o -tolyl-phosphate) as well as ISO-OMPA (tetraisopropyl-pyrophosphoramide) completely blocked ARE metabolism in liver homogenate. 4. 4. ISO-OMPA significantly inhibited ARE metabolism by purified porcine liver carboxylesterase. 5. 5. The data suggest that carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) is primarily responsible for the metabolism of ARE in the mouse.
21 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that arecoline stimulates testosterone production by acting directly on Leydig cells via mechanisms involving an activation of L-type calcium channels, increasing the activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and enhancing the expression of StAR.
Abstract: Arecoline is one of the major components of betel nuts, which have been consumed as chewing gum in Southeast Asia. In this study, the effects of arecoline on testosterone (T) secretion were explore...
21 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the expression of H19 in OSF specimens and its functional role in fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs) were examined and shown that the aberrantly overexpressed H19 contributed to higher myofibroblast activities, such as collagen gel contractility and migration ability.
Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is known as a potentially malignant disorder, which may result from chemical irritation due to areca nuts (such as arecoline). Emerging evidence suggests that fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis are regulated by the interaction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs. Among these regulators, profibrotic lncRNA H19 has been found to be overexpressed in several fibrosis diseases. Here, we examined the expression of H19 in OSF specimens and its functional role in fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs). Our results indicate that the aberrantly overexpressed H19 contributed to higher myofibroblast activities, such as collagen gel contractility and migration ability. We also demonstrated that H19 interacted with miR-29b, which suppressed the direct binding of miR-29b to the 3′-untranslated region of type I collagen (COL1A1). We showed that ectopic expression of miR-29b ameliorated various myofibroblast phenotypes and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1A1, and fibronectin (FN1) in fBMFs. In OSF tissues, we found that the expression of miR-29b was downregulated and there was a negative correlation between miR-29b and these fibrosis markers. Lastly, we demonstrate that arecoline stimulated the upregulation of H19 through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. Altogether, this study suggests that increased TGF-β secretion following areca nut chewing may induce the upregulation of H19, which serves as a natural sponge for miR-29b and impedes its antifibrotic effects.
21 citations