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Argon

About: Argon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23232 publications have been published within this topic receiving 369353 citations. The topic is also known as: Ar & element 18.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2009-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, several nanometer-thick graphene oxide films were exposed to nine different heat treatments (three in Argon, three in Argon and Hydrogen, and three in ultra-high vacuum), and also a film was held at 70°C while being exposed to a vapor from hydrazine monohydrate.

2,990 citations

Book
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a simulation of a free jet expansion of a high-energy scattering of molecular beams in the presence of high-temperature Viscosity cross sections.
Abstract: Collisional Processes.- Analytical Formulae for Cross Sections and Rate Constants of Elementary Processes in Gases.- Relaxation of Velocity Distribution of Electrons Cooled (Heated) By Rotational Excitation (De-Excitation) Of N2.- Effects of the Initial Molecular States in a High-Energy Scattering of Molecular Beams.- Differential Cross Sections for Ion-Pair Formation with Selection of the Exit Channel.- Low-temperature Viscosity Cross Sections Measured in a Supersonic Argon Beam II.- Excited Oxygen Iodine Kinetic Studies.- Determination of Antisymmetric Mode Energy of CO2 Injected into a Supersonic Nitrogen Flow.- Molecular Beams.- Where are we going with molecular beams?.- Cesium Vapor Jettarget Produced With a Supersonic Nozzle.- Basic Features of the Generation and Diagnostics of Atomic Hydrogen Beams in the Ground and Metastable 22S1/2-States to Determine the Fundamental Physical Constants.- Optical Pumping Of Metastable Neon Atoms in A Weak Magnetic Field.- CO2-Laser Excitation of a Molecular Beam Monitored By Spontaneous Raman Effect.- Time-of-Flight and Electron Beam Fluorescence Diagnostics: Optimal Experimental Designs.- Molecular Beam Time-of-Flight Measurements in A Nearly Freejet Expansion of High Temperature Gas Produced By a Shock Tube.- Electron Beam Diagnostics.- Electron-Beam Diagnostics of High Temperature Rarefied Gas Flows.- Excitation Models Used in the Electron Beam Fluorescence Technique.- Electron - Beam Diagnostics in Nitrogen Multiquantum Rotational Transitions.- Free Jets, Nonequilibrium Expansions.- Free Jet as an Object of Nonequilibrium Processes Investigation.- State Dependent Angular Distributions of Na2 Molecules in a Na/Na2 Free Jet Expansion.- Molecular Beam Time-of-Flight Measurements and Moment Method Calculations of Translational Relaxation in Highly Heated Free Jets of Monatomic Gas Mixtures.- Rovibrational State Population Distributions of CO (v ? 4, J ? 10) In Highly Heated Supersonic Free Jets of CO-N2 Mixtures.- Free Jet Expansion with A Strong Condensation Effect.- Measured Densities in UF6 Free Jets.- Rotational Relaxation of NO in Seeded, Pulsed Nozzle Beams.- The Free-Jet Expansion from a Capillary Source.- Rotational Relaxation in High Temperature Jets of Nitrogen.- Translational Nonequilibrium in a Free Jet Expansion of a Binary Gas Mixture.- Laser Induced Fluorescence Study of Free Jet Expansions.- Jet-Surface Interactions.- Experimental Study of Plume Impingement and Heating Effect on Ariane's Payload.- The Interaction of a Jet Exhausting from a Body with a Supersonic Free Flow of a Rarefied Gas.- Modelling Control Thruster Plume Flow and Impingement.- Impingement of a Supersonic, Underexpanded Rarefied Jet upon a Flat Plate.- Some Peculiarities of Power and Heat Interaction of a Low Density Highly Underexpanded Jet with a Flat Plate.- Condensation in Flows.- Nonequilibrium Condensation in Free Jets.- Condensation and Vapour-Liquid Interaction in a Reflected Shock Region.- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Condensation of Nitrogen in Transonic Flow.- Investigation of Nonequilibrium Homogeneous Gas Condensation.- The Peculiarities of Condensation Process in Conical Nozzle and in Free Jet Behind it.- Investigation of Nonequilibrium Argon Condensation In Supersonic Jet By Mass-Spectrometry, Electron Diffraction and VUV Emission Spectroscopy.- Clusters and Nucleation Kinetics.- The Microscopic Theory of Clustering and Nucleation.- Kinetics of Cluster Formation and Growth in the Process of Isothermal Condensation.- Relaxation Processes in a Molecular Dynamic Model of Cluster from the Lennard-Jones Particles.- Quantum-Chemical Study Of Processes With Cluster Isomerism.- The Homogeneous Nucleation at the Continuously Changing Temperature and Vapour Concentration.- Molecular Clusters as Heterogeneous Condensation Nuclei.- Experiments with Clusters.- The Photochemistry of Small van der Waals Molecules as Studied by Laser Spectroscopy in Supersonic Free Jets.- Diagnostics of Clusters in Molecular Beams.- Experimental Studies of Water-Aerosol Explosive Vaporization.- Laser Probing of Cluster Formation and Dissociation in Molecular Beams.- Free Molecule Drag on Helium Clusters.- Vibrational Relaxation Kinetics in a Two-Phase Gas-Cluster System.- Gas-Particle Flows.- Long-Range Attraction in the Collisions of Free-Molecular and Transition Regime Aerosol Particles.- Nonequilibrium Statistical Theory of Dispersed Systems.- The Mechanism of Strong Electric Field Effect on the Dispersed Media in the Rarefied Gas.- Generation of High-Speed Aerosol Beams By Laval Nozzles.- Kinetic Model of a Gas Suspension.- Gas Mixtures.- Kinetic Phenomena in the Rarefied Gas Mixtures Flowing Through Channels.- On the Discrete Boltzmann Equation for Binary Gas Mixtures.- Peculiarities and Applicability Conditions of Macroscopic Description of Disparate Molecular Masses Mixture Motion.- Numerical Solution of the Boltzmann Kinetic Equation for the Binary Gas Mixture.- Species Isotope Separation.- Gas or Isotope Separation by Injection into Light Gas Flow.- Molecular Diffusion Through a Fine-Pored Filter Versus Resonante IR-Radiation Intensity.- On Limiting Situations of Gas Dynamic Separation.- A Study of Reverse Leaks.- Investigation of Nonequilibrium Effects in Separation Nozzles by Monte-Carlo Simulation.- Separation of Binary Gas Mixtures at their Effusion through a Capillary and a Nuclear Filler into Vacuum.- Ionized Gases.- Effects of Nonideality in Quantum Kinetic Theory.- Molecular Mass and Heat Transfer of Chemical Equilibrium Multicomponent Partially Ionized Gases in Electromagnetic Field.- Spectroscopic Study of a Plasma Flow along the Stagnation Streamline of a Blunt Body.- On Model Kinetic Operators and Corresponding Langevin Sources for a Non-Equilibrium Plasma.- Related Fields.- Rarefied Gas Dynamics as Related to Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion.- Vacuum Ejectors with Appreciably Uneven Flows in Channels at Low Reynolds Numbers.- Simulation of the Process of the Cosmic Body Formation.

2,747 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principle of corresponding states in modern form has been applied to the following properties: the critical state, the virial coefficient, the Boyle point, the densities of coexistent phases, the vapor pressure of the liquid, the entropies of evaporation and of fusion, the coefficient of thermal expansion of liquid and the triple point temperature and pressure, the heat capacity of liquid, and the surface tension of liquid as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The principle of corresponding states in modern form has been applied to the following properties: the critical state, the virial coefficient, the Boyle point, the densities of coexistent phases, the vapor pressure of the liquid, the entropies of evaporation and of fusion, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the liquid, the triple‐point temperature and pressure, the heat capacity of the liquid, and the surface tension of the liquid It has been shown that argon, krypton, xenon, and with less accuracy neon, follow the principle with respect to all these properties It has further been shown that nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and methane follow the principle with fair accuracy as vapors and as liquids, but not as solids The relations between surface tension, temperature, and densities have been analyzed empirically For the ``ideal'' substances under consideration Katayama's modification of Eotvos' relation holds good, but McLeod's relation does not; in the relation γ∝ (ρl—ρc)s, the exponent s is

1,056 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Dec 2005-Nature
TL;DR: Direct atmospheric measurements from the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), including altitude profiles of the constituents, isotopic ratios and trace species (including organic compounds), were reported, confirming the primary constituents were confirmed to be nitrogen and methane.
Abstract: Saturn's largest moon, Titan, remains an enigma, explored only by remote sensing from Earth, and by the Voyager and Cassini spacecraft. The most puzzling aspects include the origin of the molecular nitrogen and methane in its atmosphere, and the mechanism(s) by which methane is maintained in the face of rapid destruction by photolysis. The Huygens probe, launched from the Cassini spacecraft, has made the first direct observations of the satellite's surface and lower atmosphere. Here we report direct atmospheric measurements from the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), including altitude profiles of the constituents, isotopic ratios and trace species (including organic compounds). The primary constituents were confirmed to be nitrogen and methane. Noble gases other than argon were not detected. The argon includes primordial 36Ar, and the radiogenic isotope 40Ar, providing an important constraint on the outgassing history of Titan. Trace organic species, including cyanogen and ethane, were found in surface measurements.

914 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Bernard Marty1
TL;DR: For example, Pujol et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed that the Earth is not as volatile-poor as previously thought, and showed that it contains up to 2 (± 1) % contribution of carbonaceous chondrite (CI-CM) to a dry proto-Earth.

805 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023515
2022950
2021358
2020448
2019493
2018527