Argopecten gibbus

About: Argopecten gibbus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21 publications have been published within this topic receiving 899 citations.

Scallops : biology, ecology and aquaculture

Abstract: Preface. (S.E. Shumway) 1. Evolutionary Relationships Among Commercial Scallops (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae) (T.R. Waller). 2. The Biology of Scallop Larvae (S.M. Cragg and D.J. Crisp). 3. Functional Anatomy of Scallops (P.G. Beninger and M. Le Pennec). 4. The Structure and Function of Scallop Adductor Muscles (P.D. Chantler). 5. Physiology: Energy Acquisition and Utilization (V.M. Bricelj and S.E. Shumway). 6. Physiological Integrations and Energy Partitioning (R.J. Thompson and B.A. MacDonald). 7. Reproductive Physiology (B.J. Barber and N.J. Blake). 8. Neurobiology and Behavior of the Scallop (L.A. Wilkens). 9. Diseases and Parasites of Scallops (R.G. Getchell). 10. Scallops and Pollution (E. Gould and B.A. Fowler). 11. Scallop Ecology: Distributions and Behaviour (A.R. Brand). 12. Genetics of Scallops (A.R. Beaumont and E. Zouros). 13. Population Dynamics and Management of Natural Stocks (J.M. Orensanz, A.M. Parma and O.O. Iribarne). 14. Fisheries and Aquaculture. Three European Scallops: Pecten Maximus, Chlamys (Aequipecten) Opercularis and C. (Chlamys) Varia (A.D. Ansell, J.-C. Dao and J. Mason). Spain (G. Roman). Scandinavia (G.J. Parsons, M.J. Dadswell and E.M. Rodstrom). Italy (A. Renzoni). Yugoslavia (D. Margus). Greece (J.J. Lykakis and M. Kalathakis). China (Yousheng Lou). Philippines (A.G.C. del Norte). Australia (D. Gwyther, D.A. Cropp, L.M. Joll and M.C.L. Dredge). New Zealand (M.F. Bull). Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus (K.S. Naidu). The Calico Scallop, Argopecten Gibbus, Fishery of Cape Canaveral, Florida (N.J. Blake,and M.A. Moyer). Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians, in the Eastern United States (E.W. Rhodes). West Coast of North America (N. Bourne). Mexico (E.F. Felix-Pico). Argentina (J.M. Orensantz, M. Pascual and M. Fernandez). Chile (R.N. Piquimil, L.S. Figueroa and O.C. Contreras). Japan (H. Ito). Soviet Union (V.Z. Kalashnikov). Index.

Lower Devonian conodont sequence, Royal creek, Yukon Territory, and Devon island, Canada

Abstract: The living members of the Argopecten gibbus stock include the bay and calico scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) and A. gibbus (Linne), both common in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico; the less common A. nucleus (Born) of the Caribbean, southern Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, and southeastern Florida; and the common A. circularis (Sowerby) and A. purpuratus (Lamarck) of the eastern Pacific. The fossil members of the stock include the ancestors of these living species together with Argopecten eboreus (Conrad), an extinct species or species-group not ancestral to any of the later taxa. This study seeks to determine evolutionary relationships within the Argopecten gibbus stock by working back through the fossil record from a model of the morphological and ecological relationships of living species and subspecies. Biologically, the study is limited to an analysis of the morphology and ecology of the living taxa deduced from population samples. Paleontologically, it is limited to an analysis of morphological variation among samples of fossil populations collected from upper Cenozoic strata (Alum Bluff Group of the middle Miocene through the Pleistocene) exposed on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States. The time span investigated is about 18 million years, according to the latest published scale of absolute time. Differences between samples were studied and evaluated by means of morphometric data consisting of 70 measurements and form ratios of the outline, ligamenture, and musculature of each valve. Using an electronic digital computer, data were subjected to univariate and bivariate analyses, and samples were compared using machine-plotted, bivariate scatter diagrams, reduced major axes, and other graphical techniques. Data from right and left valves were treated separately, except that they were recombined in the study of characters that differ between valves, thereby furnishing new information on intervalve features. The postulated phylogeny shows a poorly known species, Argopecten species b, in the early middle Miocene (Oak Grove Sand), that is apparently very near the origin of the stock. This species evolved phyletically through A. nicholsi (Gardner) of the Shoal River Formation and A. choctawhatcheensis (Mansfield) of the Arca Faunizone into A. comparilis (Tuomey & Holmes) of the upper Miocene (Tamiami, Pinecrest, Duplin, and Yorktown Formations). A. comparilis was apparently broadly adapted and widely distributed, living in bays, sounds, and open marine waters in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean and probably extending through seaway passages to the Pacific, where it gave rise phyletically to A. circularis. By the end of the Miocene, on the eastern side of the Americas, this variable species had split, giving rise to a primitive bay scallop, A. anteamplicostatus (Mansfield), that, like the living bay scallop (its phyletic descendant), was probably ecologically restricted to the semienclosed waters of bays and sounds, and to another species, A. vicenarius (Conrad), probably restricted to open marine waters like the living calico scallop. The primitive bay scallop was apparently unable to reach the Pacific, but the open-marine species seems to have given rise to both the Pacific A. purpuratus and the Atlantic calico scallop, A. gibbus. The living Pacific A. circularis is morphologically primitive in that it resembles the Miocene species A. comparilis more than it does any of the later species on the eastern side of the Americas and is ecologically primitive in that it is broadly adapted and able to live both in bays and sounds and in open marine waters. During the Pleistocene, A. nucleus, a tropical bay scallop, is inferred to have split from A. gibbus and to have become morphologically convergent on the true bay scallop, A. irradians. A. eboreus, a common scallop on the eastern side of the Americas in the Miocene and Pliocene, represents a highly variable yet morphologically persistent lineage that neither split nor gave rise phyletically to other species and that became extinct during the early Pleistocene. In certain features of morphology, the A. gibbus lineage is convergent on the A. eboreus lineage, indicating that the extinct species may also have been restricted to open marine waters. On the basis of the materials analyzed thus far, the evolution (both phyletic change and splitting) of the stock has been faster on the Atlantic side of the Americas than on the Pacific side, with the living Pacific species resembling late Miocene and early Pliocene Atlantic species. Because barrier islands seem to have played a key role in speciation within the stock, it would appear that evolutionary differences may have been caused by the active coastal tectonism of the Pacific side destroying such island barriers before genetic differences between inshore and offshore scallop populations could arise. With regard to nomenclature, the name Argopecten is shown to be a senior synonym of Plagioctenium; the generic name Aequipecten is rejected for American species related to Argopecten gibbus; and it is concluded that the generic name Chlamys, sensu lato, is better applied as the subfamily name Chlamydinae. The species name Argopecten vicenarius (Conrad), unused since 1898, is reinstated as the only available name for an important taxon occurring in the Caloosahatchee Marl of Florida and the Waccamaw Formation of the Carolinas.

Chapter 12 Scallop ecology: Distributions and behaviour

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the geographical and local distribution of scallop populations, concentrating on the species of commercial importance. It also discusses the various factors that affect distribution, including environmental conditions, ecological interactions with other species and relevant aspects of the behavior of post-larval scallops, such as byssus attachment, orientations, and movements. The chapter presents a comparative account of all species. The usual common names and geographical region of occurrence of the species referred to most frequently are tabulated. Of these, Argopecten gibbus (L.), A. irradians, Aequipecten operculahs, Chlamys islandica, Pecten maximus and Placopecten magellanicus are focused. Scallops have distinct habitat preferences, live in aggregated distributions and are relatively immobile so they are easily detected, and caught in commercial or recreational fisheries. Ease of capture, combined with variable recruitment patterns, make scallops very vulnerable to overfishing and lead to “boom and bust” fisheries. Molecular genetics and immunological techniques allows individual bivalve veliger larvae to be identified to species, and with rapid developments in methods such as microsatellites, minisatellites, and DNA sequencing, it is becoming increasing possible to carry out high resolution studies on sub-populations or stocks.

Development of an Argopecten-Specific 18S rRNA Targeted Genetic Probe.

Abstract: Comparison of 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences between diverse bivalve species, including eight scallop species, allowed the design of an 18S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probe (BS-1364) that was specific for scallops belonging to the genus Argopecten (bay and calico scallops). The high sequence similarity of the 18S rRNA gene between Argopecten irradians and Argopecten gibbus (98.8%) prevented the design of an A. irradians species-specific probe. Hybridization studies using amplified 18S rDNA from a diverse collection of bivalve species demonstrated that the specificity of the digoxygenin-labeled probe was consistent with the predicted specificity indicated by sequence comparison. Hybridization studies using laboratory-spawned bay scallop veligers indicated that a single veliger could be detected by probe hybridization in a blot format, and that probe hybridization signal was proportional (r(2) =.99) to the abundance of veligers. Methods for rRNA extraction and blotting were developed that allowed bay scallop veligers to be specifically and quantitatively identified in natural plankton samples. Preliminary studies conducted in Tampa Bay, Florida, suggest that introduced scallops can successfully spawn and produce veligers under in situ conditions. The Argopecten-specific probe and methods developed in this study provide the means to study the production and fate of bay scallop larvae in nature and provide evidence that scallops introduced into Tampa Bay have the potential for successful reproduction and enhancement of scallop stocks.

Larval anisakid (Sulcascaris) nematodes from Atlantic molluscs with marine turtles as definitive hosts.

Abstract: LICHTENFELS, J. R., BIER, J. W. & MADDEN, P. A. 1978. Larval anisakid (Sulcascaris) nematodes from Atlantic molluscs with marine turtles as definitive hosts. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 97: 199-207. Anisakid nematode larvae identified to the genus Sulcascaris Hartwich, 1957 have been collected from several marine molluscs: surf clam Spisula solidissima, calico scallop Argopecten gibbus, Atlantic bay scallop Argopecten irradians, moon sail Lunatia heros, and whelk Busycon canaliculata. As an adult, the only known species of this nematode genus (Sulcascaris sulcata) parasitizes the stomach and intestine of the green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtle. Parasitized turtles occur in the areas where the larvae parasitize the molluscs. The excretory system of S. sulcata includes an excretory pore at the base of the ventral interlabium, a large ventral ribbon-like gland cell with a nucleus posterior to the level of the ventriculus, and an excretory canal in the right lateral chord that extends posteriorly about half the length of the body. Thirdand fourth-stage larvae from molluscs are described and compared with fourth-stage larvae and adults from marine turtles. Comparative data for fourth-stage Sulcascaris from Australian turtles and a scallop are also presented.