Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1968"

Electron-transfer and complex formation in the excited state

Abstract: FLUORESCENCEt Some years ago, while investigating fluorescence quenching of aromatic hydrocarbons (A) by typical electron donors (D), like anilines, we observed1 a broad structureless emission band about 5000 cm1 to the red of the fluorescence of the aromatic hydrocarbon of normal structure. This anomalous fluorescence, as shown in Figure 1, increases in intensity with increasing donor concentration at the expense of the fluorescence intensity of the hydrocarbon, thereby following the same Stern—Volmer-type relation as does the well known excimer fluorescence, e.g. in the case of pyrene2. Extrapolation to infinite donor concentration gives the dashed spectrum (cf. Figure 1) which

Process for preparing a halogenated aromatic

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PREPARING A NUCLEAR CHLORO OR NUCLEAR BROMO AROMATIC HYDROCARBON WHICH INVOLVES HEATING AN AROMATIC COMPOUND WITH A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF COPPER, MANGANESE, CERIUM, COBALT, VANADIUM, CHROMIUM, IRON, NICKEL, CADMIUM,TIN, ANTIMONY, MERCURY, BISMUTH, THE NOBLE METALS (PLATINUM, PALADIUM IRIDIUM, RHODIUM, OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM) AND COMPOUNDS OF THESE METALS, A NITRATE ION, A NITRITE ION, NO OR NO2, A CHLORIDE OR BROMIDE ION AND AN INERT SOLVENT.

Conversion of hydrocarbons

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are used as catalysts for various hydrocarbon conversion processes and are particularly useful for conversion of paraffins in the presence of an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene.

Process for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons containing monoethylenic unsaturated radicals

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds containing monoethylenically unsaturated radicals, which comprises reacting a monoethylenically unsaturated compound with an aromatic hydrocarbon compound in the presence of a palladium salt.

Stable synthetic ester lubricant compositions

Abstract: A normally-liquid, synthetic ester base lubricant composition having enhanced oxidation retardation at temperatures greater than 400 DEG F. is disclosed. The composition contains, in addition to the base lubricant, minor amounts of an alpha-alkyl styrenated aromatic amine which is the condensation product of (1) a secondary aromatic mono or diamine having non-olefinic, non-acetylenic hydrocarbon radicals of about one to 20 carbon atoms and at least one non-olefinic, non-acetylenic aromatic hydrocarbon radical of about six to 16 atoms attached to an amine group, and (2) an alpha-alkyl styrene, particularly an alpha-lower alkyl styrene.

Method for aromatic hydrocarbon recovery

Abstract: METHOD FOR EXTRACTING AND RECOVERING AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, SUCH AS BENZENE, TOLUENE, AND XYLENE, FROM A SUITABLE FEEDSTOCK USING SELECTIVE SOLVENT, PREFERABLY, OF THE SULFOLANE TYPE. THE EXTRACTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ARE RECOVERED IN HIGH YIELD AND HIGH PURITY USING A COMBINATION OF EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION, AROMATIC SIDE-CUT RECTIFICATION, AND FRACTIONATION. THE METHOD IS UNIQUELY APPLICABLE FOR RECOVERING BENZENE-TYPE HYDROCARBONS IN EXTREMELY HIGH PURITY FROM CATALYTIC REFOMATES.

Production of copolymers in the presence of an organolithium compound and an orthoester

Abstract: RANDOM COPOLYMER IS PREPARED BY COPOLYMERIZING A CONJUGATED DIENE, SUCH AS 1,3-BUTADIENE AND A VINYLSUBSTITUTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, SUCH AS STYRENE AT A TEMPERATURE OF -80* TO 150*C. IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUBSTANTIALLY ANHYDROUS LIQUID HYDROCARBON BY MEANS OF A CATALYST SYSTEM CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUND AND AN ORTHOESTER HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA R2-C(-O-R3)(-O-R4)-O-R5 WHEREIN, R2 IS HYDROGEN OR A HYDROCARBON RADICAL AND R3, R4 AND R5 ARE HYDROCARBON RADICALS.

Preparation of copolymers using organolithium/pyridine compound catalyst system

Abstract: WHEREIN R2, R3, R4, R5 AND R6 IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND HYDROCARBON RADICALS AND AT LEAST TWO OF THEM ARE HYDROCARBON RADICALS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYL, ALKENYL, CYCLOALKYL AND ARALKYL RADICALS. 2-R2,3-R3,4-R4,5-R5,6-R6-PYRIMIDINE RANDOM COPOLYMER IS PREPARED BY COPOLYMERIZING A CONJUGATED DIENE, SUCH AS 1,3-BUTADIENE AND A VINYL-SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, SUCH AS STYRENE AT A TEMPERATURE OF -80* TO 150*C. IN THE PRESENCE OF A SUBSTANTIALLY ANHYDROUS LIQUID HYDROCARBON BY MEANS OF A CATALYST SYSTEM CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUND AND A PYRIDINE COMPOUND HAVING THE FORMULA

Aromatic hydrocarbon-carbonium ion molecular complexes

Abstract: Molecular complexes of aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonium ions are described according to Mulliken's donor — acceptor theory. Estimations of electron affinities of several cations are deduced from charge-transfer transition energies and the indepently measured electron affinity of the tropylium ion.

Process for desulfurization of aromatics

Abstract: THE SULFUR-PARTICULARLY THAT PRESENT AS THIOPHENESCONTAINED IN AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IS SUBSTANTIALLY REMOVED BY TREATING THE HYDROCARBONS WITH METALS, AND OXIDES THEREOF HAVING HYDROGENATING ACTIVITY. IN ONE EMBODEMENT, THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IS CONTACTED WITH NICKEL, COBALT, NICKEL AND TUNGSTEN, COBALT AND TUNGSTEN, OR THEIR OXIDES AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 200 TO 600*F. AND A PRESSURE OF ABOUT 50-500 P.S.I.G. IN ANOTHER EMBODIMENT, THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IS CONTACTED WITH NICKEL, COBALT, NICKEL AND MOLYBDENUM, COBALT AND MOLYBDENUM, NICKEL AND TUNGSTEN, COBALT AND TUNGSTEN, OR THEIR OXIDES AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 600-900*F. AND A PRESSURE OF ABOUT 0-50 P.S.I.G.

Process for producing n-carboxy anhydrides of amino acids

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGHLY PURE N-CARBOXY ANHYDRIDES OF AMINO ACIDS WHICH COMPRISES SUSPENDING AN AMINO ACID IN AN INERT ORGANIC SOLVENT AND REACTING WITH PHOSGENE IN THE PRESENCE OF A METAL SALT, METAL OXIDE, OR A POWDERED METAL OR ALLOY AT A TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 50*C. THE REACTION MAY ALSO BE EFFECTED IN THE ABSENCE OF THE ADDITIVE IF IT IS CARRIED OUT IN A SOLVENT COMPRISING AN AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUND OR AN AROMATIC HALOGEN COMPOUND, OR IF IT IS CONDUCTED AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE 60*C. IN A MIXED HYDROCARBON SOLVENT OF AN ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON AND AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, THE LATTER BEING A PETROLEUM FRACTION.

Process for preparing 0,0-dialkyl-0-phenyl phosphorothioates

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN O,O-DIALKYL-O-PHENYL-PHOSPHOROTHIOATE WHICH COMPRISES REACTING O,O-DIALKYL-CHLORO-PHOSPHOROTHIOATE WITH A SODIUM PHENOLATE HYDRATE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT AND AN ALKYLAMINE CATALYST WHILE REMOVING WATER AZEOTROPICALLY FROM THE REACTION MIXTURE, AND THEREAFTER RECOVERING THE DESIRED PRODUCT.

Production of phenyl-maleic anhydride by catalytic vapor phase oxidation of biphenyl or sec-butyl benzene

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC VAPOR PHASE OXIDATION OF AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, WHICH CAN BE BIPHENYL OR SECBUTYL BENZENE, TO PRODUCE PHENYL-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE WHICH COMPRISES OXIDIZING SAID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IN THE VAPOR PHASE AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 350 TO 480*C WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN OXIDATION CATALYST COMPRISING AN OXIDE OF A GROUP BV METAL, IE.E THE VANADIUM GROUP, WHICH CAN BE PROMOTED WITH POTASSIUM SULFATE.

On the blue‐colored species, possibly assignable to a radical cation, formed by the aromatic hydrocarbon–sulfur dioxide–oxygen system: The polymerization of olefins initiated by aromatic hydrocarbons–oxygen in liquid sulfur dioxide

Abstract: It was found that styrene in liquid sulfur dioxide polymerizes, giving polystyrene readily and quantitatively by addition of such aromatic hydrocarbons as anthracene and trans- or cis-stilbene in the presence of oxygen, and the polymerization proceeds via a cationic process. The observations on the electronic spectra and kinetics in the system suggested that the polymerization was initiated by an electron transfer from the aromatic hydrocarbon to oxygen, followed by the formation of styrene radical cation. Supporting evidence of the radical cation is that 1,1-diphenylethylene in liquid sulfur dioxide in the presence of oxygen shows a peak at λmax = 605 mμ and reacts to give benzophenone and 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-butene-1, which are eliminated by addition of a radical or cation inhibitor.

Liquid scintillation counting composition and process

Abstract: LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT, A SCINTILLATION SOLUTE AND AN ETHOXYLATED ALKYL PHENOL HAVING FROM 7 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS IN THE ALKYL SUBSTITUENT AND A RATIO OF CARBON ATOMS IN THE ALKYL SUBSTITUENT TO THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF ETHOXY GROUPS OF FROM 0.83 TO 1.67.

Purification of diesters of benzene dicarboxylic acids

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF A DIESTER OF A BENZENE DICARBOXYLIC ACID, E.G. BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL) TEREPHTHALATE, BY MIXING A MONONUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON OR A HALOHYDROCARBON SOLVENT WITH AN INSOLUBLE AMOUNT OF MOLTEN DIESTER, FOLLOWED BY SEPARATING THE RESULTING TWO PHASES AND RECOVERING PURIFIED DIESTER FROM THE LIGHTER OF THE TWO PHASES.

Process for preparing halogenated aromatic compounds

Abstract: 1,163,236 Halogenated aromatic compounds GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CO 14 Dec, 1967 [19 Dec, 1966 (2)], No 56804/66 Heading C2C An aromatic compound, which may be an aromatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, a carboxylic acid ester of a hydroxyaromatic compound or an ester of an aromatic acid, is chlorinated or brominated in the nucleus by treatment with (a) iron or a metal of the platinum group or a compound of any of these metals, (b) a source of nitrate ions and (c) a source of chloride or bromide ions, or perchloric acid A number of iron or platinumgroup metal compounds are specified, as also are a number of sources of chloride or bromide ions The source of nitrate ions may be nitric acid, sodium nitrate, nitric oxide, nitrous anhydride, a nitrite, nitrous acid, nitrogen di- or tetra-oxide or nitric anhydride A single compound, eg palladium nitrate or ferric chloride, may provide both the iron or platinum-group metal compound and the nitrate, chloride or bromide ion The reaction is preferably effected at about 60-150‹ C in a solvent and in the presence of molecular oxygen Examples are given of the treatment of benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, phenyl acetate, methyl benzoate and naphthalene Reference is made also to the treatment of ethylbenzene, cumene, anthracene, biphenyl, phenanthrene, t-butylbenzene, α-phenylnaphthalene, p-xylene, terphenyl, 3-phenylheptane, 1,4-diphenylbutane, diphenylmethane and tetralin

Nonsolvent air oxidation of p-xylene

Abstract: MAKING TEREPHTHALIC ACID BY OXIDIZING P-XYLENE, AT 160* TO 220*C., WITHOUT SOLVENT, UNDER PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN OXIDIZABLE MATERIAL IN A LIQUID PHASE, AGITATING THE MIXTURE AND DURING OXIDATION REMOVING FROM THE REACTION MIXTURE WATER FORMED THEREIN AND OBTAINING AN OXIDATE-CONTAINING TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND INTERMEDIATE OXIDATION PRODUCTS THAT IS WASHED WITH A SINGLE RING AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, E.G., P-XYLENE, AT 250* TO 350*C. TO REMOVE HYDROCARBON SOLUBLE INTERMEDIATE OXIDATION PRODUCTS AND RECOVERING SOLID TEREPHTHALIC ACID.

Alkylation of aromatic compounds

Abstract: 1,273,252. Alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. 7 July, 1969 [9 July, 1968; 28 Oct., 1968], Nos. 27325/69 and 50935/68. Divided out of 1,272,585. Heading C5E. An aromatic hydrocarbon capable of being alkylated with at least 2 alkyl groups per molecule is reacted in a first zone with an alkylating agent in the presence of an acidic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, the catalyst being kept at least partially dispersed in a liquid phase by keeping the liquid phase in turbulent motion; and the liquid phase is withdrawn from the first zone and contacted in a second zone with a catalyst comprising non-dispersed aerolic crystalline alumino-silicate, the second zone being maintained free of alkylating agent and alkylation catalyst originating from the first zone. The aromatic starting material may be benzene, alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, alkyl naphthalenes or anthracene. The alkylating agent may be olefins, cyclo-olefins, alkyl halides or alcohols. Polyalkylated aromatics react in the second zone with the starting material to form the mono-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon. Examples describe the preparation of isopropyl benzene from benzene and propylene using a synthetic faujasite catalyst.

Liquid cell optical shutter

Abstract: An optical shutter consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon in liquid form together with a solvent and an electrolyte disposed in a cell having a pair of electrodes. The aromatic hydrocarbon may, for example, be a polynuclear hydrocarbon and exhibits an electrochromic effect. Thus when an electric field is applied to the cell the hydrocarbon becomes ionized and absorbs light within the visible region while the neutral compound is transparent.

Novel thermoplastic elastomeric compositions

Abstract: 1,166,799. Block copolymer-bitumen compositions. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V. 7 Aug., 1968, No. 37702/68. Heading C3P. A thermoplastic elastomeric composition comprises (a) a block copolymer of the formula A-B-A where each A is a polymer block of a monoalkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon and B is a polymer block of a conjugated diene hydrocarbon, the average molecular weights of the A blocks being 2000 to 100,000 and those of the B block being 25,000 to 500,000, (b) an aromatic asphaltic bitumen having a ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in the range of 0.60 to 1.25 and a penetration index of at most zero, the amount of bitumen being 5 to 50% of the weight of the block copolymer-bitumen mixture, and optionally (c) fillers (reinforcing such as carbon black, and non-reinforcing such as whiting), antioxidants, antiozonants and extender oils which are naphthenic, aromatic or polymeric. In the examples poly(styrene-6-butadiene-bstyrene) is mixed with various commercial aromatic asphaltic bitumens, naphthenic and aromatic extending oils, whiting, styrenebutadiene random copolymer, and polystyrene.

Microbiological hydroxylation of aromatic acids

Abstract: A benzoic acid having from zero to three methyl and/or halo substituents and having at least two adjacent unsubstituted ring carbon atoms can be converted to the corresponding dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative by the action of various species of Nocardia which are normally incapable of performing such a conversion. This is accomplished by first contacting the Nocardia cells with an aromatic or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon for a time sufficient to induce the enzyme system of said cells to perform such an hydroxylation, and thereafter contacting the induced cells with the benzoic acid substrate under aerobic conditions.

Process for preparing alkyl aryl phosphates

Abstract: PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKYL ARYL PHOSPHATES USEFUL AS GASOLINE ADDITIVE, POLYMER PLASTICIZERS, HYDRAULIC FLUIDS, AND THE LIKE WHICH COMPRISES FORMING A A SOLUTION OF AN ARYL PHOSPHOROHALIDATE IN A COSOLVENT MIXTURE OF AN INERT ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT HAVING FROM 5 TO 10 CARBON ATOMS AND AN INERT AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZENE, TOLUENE, XYLENE AND MIXTURES THEREOF; HEATING THE REACTION MIXTURE TO REFULX TEMPERATURE; INCREMENTALLY ADDING AN ALCOHOL TO THE REFLUXING SOLUTION TO EFFECT ALKOXYLATION OF THE ARYL PHOSPHOROHALIDATE WITH THE ATTENDANT FORMATION OF A HALOACID BY-PRODUCT; AND REFULXING THE SOLUTION FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO REMOVE SUBSTANTIALLY ALL BY-PRODUCT HALOACID FROM THE SOLUTION.

Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons to phenols with oxygen

Abstract: An aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbons is oxidized to a phenol of the same number of carbons by contacting with oxygen, cuprous acetate, and acetic acid at 0 DEG to 150 DEG C.

Process for producing a phenol by oxidation of an aromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract: PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN ALCOHOL FROM A FEED CONTAINING AN ALKANE, CYCLOALKANE, AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, OR HALO-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES THEREOF WHEREIN THE FEED IS CONTACTED WITH WATER, PREFERABLY AS STEAM, AND A MELT CONTAINING AN MULTIVALENT METAL HALIDE IN BOTH ITS HIGHER AND LOWER VALENCE STATE, SUCH AS A MIXTURE OF CUPRIC AND CUPROUS CHLORIDE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, THE CONTACTING IS EFFECTED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN OXYGEN CONTAINING GAS OR THE MELT IS PREVIOUSLY CONTACTED WITH AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS TO PRODUCE THE CORRESPONDING OXYHALIDE OF THE METAL, WHEREBY THE REACTION MAY BE EFFECTED ON A CONTINUOUS BASIS.

Process for alkylating vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymers and making lubricating oil viscosity improvers

Abstract: THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR ALKYLATING VINYL AROMATIC POLYMERS TO FORM OIL SOLUBLE PRODUCTS SUITABLE FOR USE AS VISCOSITY INDEX IMPROVER FOR LUBRICATING OILS.

Process for the production of hydroxylamine-o-sulphonic acid

Abstract: Process for the production of hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid from hydroxylamine or its salts and chlorosulphonic acid or oleum, wherein the reaction is performed in an inert organic diluent preferably, a halogenated aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature of from 0* C. to 80* C.

Dearomatization of liquid paraffin with dimethylformamide

Abstract: 1. Dimethylformamide can be used as a selective solvent for the aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the liquid paraffins from the urea dewaxing process. 2. At a dimethylformamide to feedstock ratio of 3.5 and an extraction temperature of 40–50°C, one can obtain paraffin with an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 0.45%. At a triethylene glycol to feedstock ratio of 15 and an extraction temperature of 120–130°C, one can obtain paraffin with an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 0.5%.