Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this paper, the half-wave potentials of depolarizers and solvents were studied from the viewpoint of the interaction between the oxidized or the reduced form of a depolarizer and Solvents.
Abstract: From the viewpoint of the interaction between the oxidized or the reduced form of a depolarizer and solvents, the solvent effect on the half-wave potentials was studied. Another factor affecting the E1⁄2, i.e., pH or ion-pair formation, was also examined. The correction for the liquid junction potential was carried out by the use of the ferrocene standard. The reduction products, radical anions or dianions, were found to be stabilized by the hydrogen-bonding with water where the hydrogen-bond interaction of the dianion was stronger than that of the monoanion. Aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions, whose charges are dispersed over the molecule, were less susceptible to this solvent transfer than were the anthraquinone radical anion and the dianion, whose charges are strongly localized.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that the dipole moment of 1-cyanonaphthalene-1,2-dimethylcyclopentene exciplex is associated with the charge-resonance in the singlet quenching process.
32 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the present status of hydrocarbon cooxidation in microorganisms and states that hydrocarbons, which cannot be used for growth by many soil microorganisms, can be oxidized if present as co-substrates in systems in which another substrate is furnished for growth.
Abstract: This review summarizes the present status of hydrocarbon cooxidation in microorganisms. Hydrocarbons, which cannot be used for growth by many soil microorganisms, can be oxidized if present as co-substrates in systems in which another substrate is furnished for growth. Paraffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbon cooxidations have been demonstrated. Most hydrocarbon cooxidation reactions seem to involve the incorporation of molecular oxygen by mono- and dioxygenases. From paraffinic hydrocarbons, products accumulating in fermentation systems include acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Usually, the initial attack is at the terminal methyl group in paraffin oxidations. The only products isolated in the cycloparaffins have been ketones. Extensive studies have been carried out on cooxidation of mono- and dicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Oxidation of methyl substituents on aromatic rings usually results in the accumulation of the aromatic mono acid or alcohol. Dihydroxylation of the aromatic ring has been observed. Products of aromatic ring rupture arise via both ortho and meta cleavage pathways.
24 citations
Patent•
26 Nov 1971TL;DR: In this article, a process for catalytic steam dealkylation of ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBON is described, in the presence of STEAM, a CATALYST supported by a CARRIER.
Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC STEAM DEALKYLATION OF ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBON WHICH COMPRISES CAUSING AN ALKYL AROMATIC HYDROCARBON TO CONTACT, IN THE PRESENCE OF STEAM, A CATALYST SUPPORTED BY A CARRIER, SAID CATALYST COMPRISING RHODIUM IN A QUANTITY OF FROM 0.05 TO 5.0 PERCENT BY WEIGHT WITH RESPECT TO THE CARRIER AND AT LEAST ONE OXIDE OF A GROUP IIIB METAL OF THE PERIODIC TABLE IN A QUANTITY OF FROM 0.05 TO 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT WITH RESPECT TO THE CARRIER.
21 citations
Patent•
14 Jun 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a C6-C8 ANPHTHA FRACTION is combined with a combination of PRELIMINARY FRACTION, EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION of the FRACTIONATION OVERHEAD, and SOLVENT EXGTRACTION of FRACTION BOTTOMS.
Abstract: AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ARE SEPARATED FROM A MIXTURE OF AROMATICS AND NON-AROMATICS, SUCH AS A C6-C8 ANPHTHA FRACTION, BY A COMBINATION OF PRELIMINARY FRACTIONATION, EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION OF THE FRACTIONATION OVERHEAD, AND SOLVENT EXGTRACTION OF THE FRACTIONATION BOTTOMS. D R A W I N G
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a linear relation of the polarographic anodic diffusion current to the UV absorbance was found, while the ESR signal intensity had linear relations with neither of the others in the system which contained an excessive number of parent molecules, 2×10−3M.
Abstract: The protonation mechanism of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions, such as biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene, and pyrene, in dimethylformamide (DMF) and water mixtures was studied. Three methods of measuring the concentration of the radical anions, i.e. polarography and ESR and UV absorption spectroscopy, were compared with each other by making simultaneous measurements of the same anthraquinone radical anion solution. A good linear relation of the polarographic anodic diffusion current to the UV absorbance was found, while the ESR signal intensity had linear relations with neither of the others in the system which contained an excessive number of parent molecules, 2×10−3M. The change in the visible absorption spectra of the aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions as a function of the time suggested that all the aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions decay by a first-order reaction. As a result, the radical anions were considered to decay through the following sequence:R\ewdo...
19 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: High covalent binding of carcinogenic hydrocarbons such as 20-methyl-cholanthrene, 3,4-benzpyrene and 1,2 ; 5,6-dibenz(a) anthracene is obtained, but not of non-carcinogenic Hydrocarbons, providing a possible explanation for some of the biological effects of binding of hydrocarbon.
16 citations
Patent•
08 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a cross-linked version of the backbone of a CROSSLINKED POLYMER, which can also be pre-processed by converting a CROSS-LINKED VINYL BROMINATED OR IODINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON POLYmer to a LITHIUM DERIVATIVE and then reacting the LATTER with a DIHYDROCARBYL HALO PHOSPHINE, or REACTing the Lithium DerIVative with TR
Abstract: NOVEL RESINS HAVING A CARBON-TO-CARBON BACKBONE, CROSS-LINKED WITH CARBON-TO-CARBON LINKAGES AND A PLURALITY OF PENDANT GROUPS OF THE STRUCTURE ((R-P(-R1)-(CH2)N-),R2-PHENYL)-CROSSLINKED POLYMER BACKBONE WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER FROM 0 TO 3, R AND R1 ARE HYDROCARBON GROUPS OF FROM 1 TO 12 C ATOMS EACH, R2 IS H OR UP TO 4 ALKYL GROUPS OF 1 TO 4 C ATOMS EACH, ARE PREPARED BY COPOLYMERIZING A DIHYDROCARBYL VINYL AROMATIC PHOSPHINE WITH A POLYOLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED MONOMER OR BY COPOLYMERIZING SAID MONOMERS WITH ONE OR MORE MONOOLEFINICALLY UNSTURATED MONOMER WHICH IS COPOLYMERIZABLE WITH DIHYDROXARBYL VINYL AROMATIC PHOSPHINE AND/OR A VINYL AROMATIC COMPOUND. THE NOVEL CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS CAN ALSO BE PREPARED BY CONVERTING A CROSS-LINKED VINYL BROMINATED OR IODINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON POLYMER TO A LITHIUM DERIVATIVE AND THEN REACTING THE LATTER WITH A DIHYDROCARBYL HALO PHOSPHINE, OR REACTING THE LITHIUM DERIVATIVE WITH TRIMETHYLENE OXIDE, THEN HALOGEN, FOLLOWED BY LITHIUM DIHYDROCARBYL PHOSPHINE. THE NOVEL POLYMERS HAVE A UTILITY FOR CATALYZING REACTIONS IN WHICH MONOMERIC TRIHYDROCARBYL PHOSPHINES ACT AS CATALYSTS, NAMELY, THE DIMERIZATION OF ALPHA-BETA UNSATURATED NITRILES, CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS OR KETONES AND THE OLIGOMERIZATION OR POLYMERIZATION THEREOF UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the retention volumes of a series of hydrocarbons in gas adsorption chromatography on the basal face of graphite at zero surface coverage were calculated by a semi-emperical molecular-statistical method.
11 citations
Patent•
09 Jul 1971
TL;DR: A solvent extraction process for separating sulfur-bearing compounds from solutions thereof in solvents such as glycolic compounds, alcoholic compounds, or mixtures thereof, e.g., dialkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols, is described in this article.
Abstract: A solvent extraction process for separating sulfur-bearing compounds from solutions thereof in solvents such as glycolic compounds, alcoholic compounds, or mixtures thereof, e.g., dialkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols. The solvent extraction process involves the use of an extracting solvent consisting of (1) a water-immiscible liquid hydrocarbon compound which has a boiling temperature in the range of 50* F to 500* F and which is relatively highly miscible with sulfur-bearing compounds and (2) water. Specific water-immiscible hydrocarbons include chlorinated saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, unsaturated oxygen-containing cyclic hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof, e.g., trichloroethylene, benzene, toluene, furan, and monochlorobenzene. The sulfurbearing solution is subjected to the extracting solvent within any solvent extraction system such that there exists the capabilities of lowering the sulfur content in the sulfur solution to a level substantially below 1 percent by weight of the solution.
Patent•
16 Jul 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, an AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RESIN has been developed, having a BOILING POINT of 140*-220*C, subjecting to POLYMERIZATION REACTION at -30*-+60*C. for 10 minutes to 15 hours, thereafter DECOMPOSING and removing a CATALYST and SEPARATING UNREACTED OILS and LOW POLYMERS from the reaction products by EVAPORATION or DISTILLATION.
Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RESIN HAVING EXCELLENT WEATHER RESISTANCE AND HEAT RESISTANCE WHICH COMPRISES SEPARATING A FRACTION CONTAINING A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF CONJUGATED DIOLEFIN AND INDENE AND INDENE ALKYL DERIVATIVES FROM A HYDROCARBON FRACTION HAVING A BOILING POINT OF 140*-220*C. OBTAINED FROM THERMAL CRACKING OF PETROLEUM, THEN ADDING FRIEDEL-CRAFTS TYPE CATALYSTS TO SAID FRACTION, SUBJECTING TO POLYMERIZATION REACTION AT -30*-+60*C. FOR 10 MINUTES TO 15 HOURS, THEREAFTER DECOMPOSING AND REMOVING SAID CATALYST AND SEPARATING UNREACTED OILS AND LOW POLYMERS FROM THE REACTION PRODUCTS BY EVAPORATION OR DISTILLATION. ADDITIONALLY, A PROCESS FOR CONCURRENTLY PRODUCING THE ABOVE-DESCRIBED RESIN AND ANOTHER AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RESIN HAVING A SOFTENING POINT OF 160*C. OR MORE, THE TWO RESINS BEING POLYMERIZED PRODUCTS OF TWO DIFFERENT FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM THE SAID HYDROCARBON FRACTION HAVING A BOILING POINT OF 140*-220* C., COMPRISING SEPARATELY POLYMERIZING THE SAID FRACTIONS IN THE MANNER DESCRIBED ABOVE.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the rates of protonation of aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions with water in dimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixtures by means of the decay of the visible absorption maxima of radical anion with time.
Abstract: The rates of the protonation of aromatic hydrocarbon radical anions with water in dimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixtures were measured by means of the decay of the visible absorption maxima of radical anions with time. The rates were found to be greatly accelerated by the increasing water content in DMF-water mixtures. This behavior suggests that the negative charge is much more localized in the transition state than in the original radical anion. The rate constants in DMF could be obtained by extrapolation. The correlation of these rate constants to the molecular structure of radical anions was discussed on the basis of the results of HMO calculations. This correlation and the solvent effect could be interpreted by means of the charge-transfer mechanism.
Patent•
05 Jan 1971TL;DR: In this article, the formulae ARY-X-CH2-C$C-R1 in which X REPRESENTS an OXYGEN OR a SULPHUR ATOM, and R1 represents a HYDROGEN ATOM or HALOGENATOM, an ALKYL GROUP HAVING from 1 to 7 CARBON ATOMS OR an UNSUBSTITUTED OR SUBstitutED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RADICAL, AS SYNERGISTIC AGENTS TO BIOC
Abstract: ARYLPROPARGYL-ETHERS AND ARYLPROPARGYL-THIOETHERS OF THE FORMULA ARY-X-CH2-C$C-R1 IN WHICH X REPRESENTS AN OXYGEN OR A SULPHUR ATOM, AND R1 REPRESENTS A HYDROGEN ATOM, A HALOGEN ATOM, AN ALKYL GROUP HAVING FROM 1 TO 7 CARBON ATOMS OR AN UNSUBSTITUTED OR SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RADICAL, AS SYNERGISTIC AGENTS TO BIOCIDALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN CARBAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES.
Patent•
26 May 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a series of divergence steps to separate a mixture of homomorphic and non-homomorphic vehicles from a mix-ture containing the same mixture.
Abstract: MIXTURES. THEREAFTER THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ARE RECOVERED BY A SERIES OF DISTILLATION STEPS. A PORTION OF THE EXTRACT RECOVERED FROM THE SECONDARY EXTRACTION STEP IS BRANCHED OFF BEFORE BEING DISTILLED AND IS RECYCLED TO THE FIRST SOLVENT EXTRACTION STEP AS A REFLUX STREAM. AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ARE SEPARATED FROM A MIXTURE CONTAINING THE SAME TOGETHER WITH NONAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. THE MIXTURE IS FIRST CONTACTED WITH A SOLVENT WHICH SELECTIVELY DISSOLVES THE AROMATIC FRACTION AND THE EXTRACT FROM THIS STEP WHICH CONTAINS THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DISSOLVED IN THE SOLVENT IS SUBJECTED TO A SECONDARY EXTRACTION STEP USING A SOLVENT WHICH HAS A HIGHER BOILING POINT THAN AND IS NON-AZEOTROPIC WITH THE ORIGINAL FEED
Patent•
10 Mar 1971TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a method for adjusting an AROMATIC HYDROCARBON by reacting a HALOALKANE with EITHER BENZENE or an ALKYL BENZNEENE and conforming the reaction in the presence of an ALkyLALUMINUM HALIDE CATALYST without DELIBERATELY ADDING HEAT.
Abstract: PROCESS FOR ALKYLATING AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON BY REACTING A HALOALKANE WITH EITHER BENZENE OR AN ALKYL BENZENE AND CONDUCTING THE REACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALKYLALUMINUM HALIDE CATALYST WITHOUT DELIBERATELY ADDING HEAT TO ELEVATE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE REACTION.
Patent•
12 May 1971
TL;DR: An ALKYLATABLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON is associated with an OLEFINIC HOG at a temperature in the range from about 45*F. to about 600*F as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: AN ALKYLATABLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IS ALKYLATED WITH AN OLEFINIC HYDROCARBON AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 45*F. TO ABOUT 600*F. IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST COMPRISING A MOLYBDENUM-CARBON MONOXIDE COMPOUND IN WHICH THE MOLYBDENUM IS PRESENT IN THE COMPOUND IN A ZERO VALENCE STATE.
TL;DR: For aromatic hydrocarbon radicals in non-degenerate electronic states, there is excellent agreement between theory and experiment for the deviation of the g factor from the free electron value, but this agreement is not present for degenerate radicals.
Abstract: For aromatic hydrocarbon radicals in non-degenerate electronic states there is excellent agreement between theory and experiment for the deviation of the g factor from the free electron value, but this agreement is not present for degenerate radicals. This work extends the theory to degenerate radicals and it is shown that allowance must be made for the presence of orbital angular momentum and that, in estimating this, account must be taken of a number of factors, notably vibronic coupling. Calculations show that this theory is capable of explaining the anomalous g-factor deviation in the benzene anion.
Patent•
13 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the distillation of readily polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising subjecting such compounds to distillation conditions in the presence of N-nitroso diphenyl amine as a polymerization inhibitor in the absence of oxygen (air) and sulfur.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the distillation of readily polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising subjecting such compounds to distillation conditions in the presence of N-nitroso diphenyl amine as a polymerization inhibitor in the absence of oxygen (air) and sulfur.
Patent•
27 May 1971
TL;DR: In this article, high-volume AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS are interacted from a mix-ture of ARO and non-ARO by a combination of SOLVENT EXTRACTION, STRIPPING of the AROEXTRACT and the RECTIFICATION of a VAPOR SIDE CUT from the arOISTRIPPING in the PRESENCE of a WATER this articleLUX.
Abstract: HIGH PURITY AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ARE EXTRACTED FROM A MIXTURE OF AROMATIC AND NON-AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY A COMBINATION OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION, STRIPPING OF THE AROMATIC EXTRACT AND THE RECTIFICATION OF A VAPOR SIDE CUT FROM THE AROMATIC STRIPPING IN THE PRESENCE OF A WATER REFLUX.
Patent•
06 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a divalent 4-36C (un)branched hydrocarbon gp with not > 12C and n = 1-1000, where n is the number of residues in the residue.
Abstract: of formula (where A is (a) a divalent 4-36C (un)branched hydrocarbon, gp. (b) -(-B-O)nB, where B is -CH2CH2-, -C(CH3)H-CH2-, -(CH2)4 or an (alkyl-substd) divalent cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon gp. with not >12C and n = 1-1000, (c) a divalent (alkyl-substd) cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl gp. with not >12C or (d) a divalent (alkyl-substd) aromatic residue with not >12C and where not 1H on residue A may be replaced by OH, R1 and R2 are (e) monovalent 1-12C (un)branched (substd) (cyclo) aliphatic or aromatic gps. (f) divalent ethylene gps. forming a heterocyclic ring with A, (g) together form a divalent ethylene gp. possibly substd. by an OH gp. or is not 1 alkyl gps. A also being an (alkyl-subst) ethylene gp. or (h) cyanoethyl gps. and (i) R3 is H and R4 and R5 are H, CH3 or C2H5 or (j) R5 is H and R3 and R4 are together an (alkyl-substd) is not >8C tri- or tetra-methylene gp) are prepd. from corresp. sec. diamines and aliphatic aldehydes or cycloaliphatic ketones with acid catalysis.
Patent•
11 Mar 1971
TL;DR: Aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained from a rich solvent stream that derives from an aromatic hydrocarbon extraction process by conducting rich solvent streams into a first separation zone and separating in presence of stripping medium into distillate fraction containing aromatic molecules, and bottom fraction containing non-enriched solvent and relatively non-volatile impurities as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained from rich solvent stream that derives from an aromatic hydrocarbon extraction process by conducting rich solvent stream into a first separation zone and separating in presence of stripping medium into distillate fraction containing aromatic hydrocarbons, and bottom fraction containing non-enriched solvent and relatively non-volatile impurities, conducting part of bottom fraction into second separation zone to obtain overhead vapour which is led to lower part of first separation zone; aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained in high concentration from first separation zone.
Patent•
05 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a process for copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin with a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon by a lithium type initiator in the presence of a randomizer selected from anionic surface active compounds having a hydrophilic group represented by -SO3M or -OSO3M where M is Na or K, is described.
Abstract: A process for copolymerization of a conjugated diolefin with a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon by a lithium type initiator in the presence of a randomizer selected from anionic surface active compounds having a hydrophilic group represented by -SO3M or -OSO3M where M is Na or K, in 1 - 20 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent per 1 part by weight of the monomers, which comprises initiating the polymerization reaction at 20 DEG C. - 90 DEG C. and polymerizing substantially all monomers at the maximum temperature below 150 DEG C. without removal of polymerization heat.
Patent•
08 Mar 1971
TL;DR: A SELECTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON is separated from its mixtures with other AROACHs by forming a LITHIUM-ALUMINUM CHLORIDE COMPLEX with an UNSATURATED COMPOUND as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A SELECTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IS SEPARATED FROM ITS MIXTURE WITH OTHER AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY FORMING A LITHIUM-ALUMINUM CHLORIDE COMPLEX WITH AN UNSATURATED COMPOUND WHICH IS USED TO EXTRACT A MIXTURE OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS TO FORM A RAFFINATE PHASE AND AN EXTRACT COMPLEX PHASE; THE PHASES ARE SEPARATED AND THE EXTRACT COMPLEX PHASE IS WASHED WITH A PORTION OF THE COMPOUND AND THERE IS RECOVERED FROM THE WASHED EXTRACT COMPLEX PHASE A SECOND EXTRACT PHASE LEAN IN SAID COMPOUND AND A SECOND RAFFINATE PHASE COMPRISING SAID COMPOUND AND A SELECTEDAROMATIC HYDROCARBON WHICH IS THEN RECOVERED FROM THE SECOND RAFFINATE PHASE.
Patent•
14 Jun 1971
TL;DR: In this article, an ALKYLATABLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON is compared with an alkyl HALIDE at a temperature in the range from about 45*F to about 600*F.
Abstract: AN ALKYLATABLE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IS ALKYLATED WITH AN ALKYL HALIDE AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 45*F. TO ABOUT 600*F. IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST COMPRISING A MOLYBDENUM-CARBON MONOXIDE COMPOUND IN WHICH THE MOLYBDENUM IS PRESENT IN A ZERO VALENCE STATE.
Patent•
22 Feb 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an improved process for the chlorination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sodium sulfide and showed that the addition of the sulfide can accelerate and promote the production of stable products.
Abstract: A process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon is accelerated by carrying out such chlorination in the presence of sodium sulfide. The presence of sodium sulfide leads to the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and sodium chloride as products. The sodium sulfide is preferably that produced in the desulfurization of petroleum fractions utilizing metallic sodium. This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 735,397, filed June 7, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 365792. The present invention is directed to the improved process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons; more particularly, the present invention is directed to an improved process for the chlorination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons wherein such chlorination is carried out in the presence of sodium sulfide. Various processes are known for the chlorination of hydrocarbons, specifically aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons so as to produce a mono- and di-chlorinated product. Most of these processes involve the reaction of chlorine with the aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon. While various catalysts have been known for accelerating amd promoting of the chlorination reaction, many processes developed heretofore have been found to have various deficiencies. In this regard, for example, acceleration of the chlorination reaction to a point of maximum conversion to the mono- or di-chlorinated hydrocarbon has always been lacking. In accordance with the present invention, however, a process has been discovered whereby it is possible to chlorinate aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons so as to produce the mono- and di-chlorinated product in a manner eliminating the various drawbacks of previously developed processes. Such improvements in accordance with the present invention involve carrying out the chlorination of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with chlorine at a temperature of from about 20* to 150*C. wherein the process is conducted in the presence of sodium sulfide. It is hypothesized in accordance with the present invention that the presence of sodium sulfide in the chlorination reaction accelerates and promotes the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon by providing for the production of stable products in addition thereto, i.e., sodium chloride and hydrogen sulfide. In this way the reaction is accelerated toward the production of the desired mono- or di-chlorinated hydrocarbon. Accordingly, it is a principle object of the present invention to provide a process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein such process eliminates the inherent disadvantages and deficiencies of heretofore proposed processes. It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein such process is improved by the presence of sodium sulfide in the chlorination reaction. A still further object of the present invention relates to the process for the chlorination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine at a temperature of 20* to 150*C., such process being characterized by the presence of sodium sulfide. Yet a further object of the present invention relates to an improved process for the chlorination of aliphatic anD aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine wherein such process is carried out in the presence of sodium sulfide derived from the desulfurization of petroleum factions with metallic sodium. Still further objects and advantages of the novel process of the present invention will become more apparent from the following, more detailed description thereof. The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by carrying out the chlorination of hydrocarbons, e.g., aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, in the presence of sodium sulfide. Thus, for example, the process of the present invention can be described by the following equation:
Patent•
27 Sep 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a prototype of an AROMATIC HYDROCARBON solvent in the presence of an ALUMINUM CHLORIDE CATALYST of a Particle SIZE SUCH that it passes THROUGH a 100 Tyler MESH SCREEN.
Abstract: PROCESS FOR PREPARING PETROLEUM RESIN WHICH COMPRISES POLYMERIZING A BY-PRODUCT HYDROCARBON FRACTION IN PETROLEUM REFINING, CRACKING,ETC. CONTAINING FIVE CARBON ATOMS BOILING AT TEMPERATURES IN THE RANGE FROM 30* TO 45* C., MAINLY COMPOSES OF C5 UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS, AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM 70* C. TO 120*C IN AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SOLVENT IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALUMINUM CHLORIDE CATALYST OF A PARTICLE SIZE SUCH THAT IT PASSES THROUGH A 100 TYLER MESH SCREEN.
Patent•
22 Apr 1971TL;DR: Aryldimethylchlorosilanes, useful as reactive intermediates in organosilicon chemistry, are prepared by reacting a diaryldimmethylsilane with an organochlorosilane R4nSi Cln, where R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and n = 1 or 2, in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
Abstract: Aryldimethylchlorosilanes, useful as reactive intermediates in organosilicon chemistry, are prepared by reacting a diaryldimethylsilane with an organochlorosilane R4-nSi Cln, where R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and n = 1 or 2, in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
Patent•
14 Jun 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the addition of CHLORINE, BROMINE, or IODINE to a mix-of-feed-stream of OXYGEN and PROPYLENE or isobutylene can increase the conversion of OLEFIN to OXIDATIVELY DIMERIZED HYDROCARBONS at the expense of CARBON OXIDES.
Abstract: ADDITION OF CHLORINE, BROMINE, OR IODINE TO A MIXED FEED STREAM OF OXYGEN AND PROPYLENE OR ISOBUTYLENE INCREASES THE CONVERSION OF OLEFIN TO OXIDATIVELY DIMERIZED HYDROCARBONS AT THE EXPENSE OF CARBON OXIDES AND CAUSES PRODUCTION OF A MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON WHEN THE FEED STREAM IS PASSED AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE OVER A MANGANESE OXIDE CATALYST MODIFIED WITH A GROUP I-A OR II-A METAL OXIDE.
Patent•
16 Aug 1971TL;DR: In this article, a process for the preparation of 1,3-bis(2-pyrrolidonyl) butane is provided, which involves heating 1, 3-bis (2-polymorphic acid)-1-butene to a temperature above the melting point under hydrogen pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
Abstract: Process for the preparation of 1,3-bis(2-pyrrolidonyl) butane is provided comprising heating 1,3-bis(2-pyrrolidonyl)-1-butene to a temperature above the melting point thereof under hydrogen pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst for a sufficient period of time to substantially hydrogenate the 1,3bis(2-pyrrolidonyl)-1-butene and thereafter, recovering the hydrogenated product. Process is also provided for separating aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures of aromatic/non-aromatic hydrocarbons comprising contacting a mixture of aromatic/non-aromatic hydrocarbons with 1,3-bis(2-pyrrolidonyl)butane to form an aromatic hydrocarbonrich extract phase and a raffinate phase, separating the aromatic hydrocarbon-rich extract phase from the mixture, and recovering the aromatic hydrocarbon from said extract phase.