Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1975"

Solubility of alkylbenzenes in distilled water and sea water at 25.0.deg.

Abstract: The solubilities of a number of alkylbenzenes are measured in distilled water and seawater at 25.OoC. Saturation is achieved by equilibrating water with aromatic hydrocarbon vapor at the equilibrium vapor pressure of the alkylbenzene involved. Results indicate that for monosubstituted alkylbenzenes, the size of the alkyl substituent is important in determining the solubility, whereas for polysubstituted alkylbenzenes, the positions of the substituents on the benzene ring are also important.

Arene Transition Metal Chemistry

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses those complexes in which a transition metal is π-bonded to a six-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring Recent X-ray structural investigations along with spectroscopic and theoretical studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of the bonding in arene metal complexes The cocondensation of transition-metal atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon at liquid nitrogen temperature leads directly to zero-valent arene complexes Reaction of disubstituted acetylenes with transition-metal compounds often leads to arene complexes The direct reaction between a metal carbonyl and an aromatic hydrocarbon often leads to the replacement of 2 or 3 carbonyl groups yielding arene complexes Monoarene complexes often undergo arene replacement reactions with ligands, such as arenas The parent compound bisbenzene chromium has been the subject of several structural analyses Molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on the arene tricarbonyl complexes of Cr, Mo, and W On the basis of overlap considerations, it has been suggested that the MO framework of the arene ring may play an important role in the metal–ligand bonding in arene chromium tricarbonyl complexes Vanadium hexacarbonyl reacts with various arenes yielding complexes [(arene)V(CO) 4 ] + [V(CO) 6 ] – from which hexafluorphosphate or tetraphenylborate salts can be prepared by metathesis reaction Bisarene chromium compounds have proven to be rather inert toward arene replacement by nonaromatic ligands The exchange of one arene ligand for another in arene tricarbonyl compounds has been of some synthetic value Phosphine and phosphite ligands react with arene tricarbonyl complexes

Genetic differences in the aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible n-hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene and acetaminophen-produced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Abstract: The genetically mediated presence or absence of induction, as well as the magnitude of induction, of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[ a ]pyrene) hydroxylase activity is highly correlated ( p N -hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in the livers of C57BL/6N and DBA/2N inbred mice treated with the microsomal enzyme inducers 3-methylcholanthrene, β-naphthoflavone, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin, and sodium phenobarbital. The extent of hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen ( p -hydroxyacetanilide) administered intraperitoneally to these two strains of mice is also highly associated with both aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible monooxygenase "activities": aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and acetylarylamine N -hydroxylase. We suggest that cytochrome P 1 450 is involved with the aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible N -hydroxylase activity and that these genetic differences among inbred strains of mice offer a valuable experimental model system for studying the mechanism of hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity among siblings of a defined genotype.

Enzymic reduction of aromatic hydrocarbon epoxides by the microsomal fraction of rat liver.

Abstract: 1. The oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons to arene oxides and the reduction of these oxides to the parent hydrocarbons are both catalysed by enzymes in the microsomal fraction of rat liver. A suggested name for the enzyme concerned in the reduction of these epoxides is 'epoxide reductase'.2. 'Epoxide reductase' is NADPH-dependent and is inhibited by oxygen.3. Preliminary investigations suggest that the enzyme is specific for both 'K-region' and 'non-K-region' arene oxides.

Manufacture of gasoline

Abstract: Reacting mixtures of difficultly convertible aliphatic organic oxygenate compounds, such as short chain aldehydes, carboxylic acids or carbohydrates with easily convertible aliphatic alcohols, ethers, acetals and analogs thereof over a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12, at elevated temperatures, 0.5 to 50 LHSV and 1 to 200 atmospheres to produce a product comprising water, full range highly aromatic hydrocarbon gasoline and light aliphatic hydrocarbon gases having an improved production of C6 and C10 monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Isolation, Identification and Substrate Assimilation Specificity of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Abstract: As a result of screening isoalkyl or isoalkenyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon assimilating microorganisms, 19 strains of isopropylbenzene assimilating bacteria were isolated. Thirteen of these strains were found to grow on α-methylstyrene and all 4 strains tested were also found to grow on isobutylbenzene.Among them, 2 strains (S107B1 and S182BI) were selected for further study and were identified as Ps. convexa and Ps. ovalis, respectively.Furthermore, some examined aromatic hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were classified into two groups by differences in substrate assimilation specificity.

Photoinitiation. II. Kinetics of the acrylonitrile polymerization photoinitiated by aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: The kinetics of acrylonitrile polymerization photoinitiated by aromatic hydrocarbons have been studied. For the acrylonitrile polymerization photoinitiated by naphthalene the rate of polymerization depends on the square root of incident light intensity, on the square root of naphthalene concentration, and on the 1.5 power of acrylonitrile concentration. In the system acrylonitrile-1-methoxynaphthalene the rate of acrylonitrile polymerization depends on the first power of acrylonitrile concentration. The monoradical character of this polymerization process has been established. For the interpretation of experimental results a reaction mechanism involving the formation of the exciplex between the first singlet or triplet of aromatic hydrocarbon and acrylonitrile in the ground state as a precursor of polymerization reactions is suggested. The photoinitiating efficiency of various aromatic hydrocarbons in acrylonitrile polymerization increases in the order: fluoranthene (zero efficiency) ≪ pyrene anthracene > 1-methoxynaphthalene > fluorene > 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene > 2,3,6-trimethylnaphthalene > 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene > 1-methylnaphthalene > naphthalene. It has been shown that the photoinitiating efficiency of a given aromatic hydrocarbon in the polymerization of acrylonitrile can be roughly predicted from the position of that aromatic hydrocarbon in the above-mentioned sequences.

Admixture of alkali-metal nitrate with water-soluble condensate of sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon and aliphatic aldehyde

Abstract: A composition comprising a major proportion of alkali-metal nitrate and a minor proportion of water-soluble condensate of sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon with aliphatic aldehyde has a synergistic effect in accelerating the rate of set of concrete to which it is added.

Accumulation and release of petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons by marine animals

Abstract: A 3-year investigation was conducted on the accumulation, tissue distribution, and release of petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons by marine mollusks, shrimp, and fish. Results show that all species can rapidly take up petroleum hydrocarbons from water phase. Rate of aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation is dependent on the species, with shrimp and fish taking up and excreting aromatics very rapidly. The naphthalenes are the aromatics that are accumulated the most.

Process for the conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: A process for the converting of aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g., reacting an alkylating agent, preferably an olefin, with an aromatic hydrocarbon. The process uses a catalyst prepared by reducing, with hydrogen gas at an elevated temperature, titanium tetrafluoride on an inorganic oxide which contained surface hydroxyl groups.

Phase boundary process for the preparation of aromatic polycarbonates using a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon as the polymer solvent

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a polycarbonate by the phase boundary condensation method, by phosgenation of an aqueous alkali metal salt solution of one or more aromatic dihydroxy compounds, in which process an aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbon is used as the solvent and the synthesis of the polycarbonate is carried out in two stages, in the first stage of which the reaction of the alkali metal salt solution of the aromatic dihydroxy compound(s) with phosgene is carried out at an OH concentration of between 0.01 and 0.1% by weight of OH, relative to the aqueous phase, in the presence of 0.1 to 2.5 mol% of trialkylamine, relative to aromatic dihydroxy compound(s), and at a temperature higher than 70° C, with a dwell time of less than 5 minutes, while in the second stage the polycondensation is effected by adjusting the OH concentration to 0.20 to 0.50% by weight of OH, relative to the aqueous phase, optionally with further addition of trialkylamine, at a temperature higher than 80° C and with a dwell time of more than 1 minute.

Manufacture of complex hydrides

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkali metal aluminum hydrides including reacting aluminum and an alkali metal or alkali metal hydride with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under super atmospheric pressure in the presence of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon.

Stabilized aqueous solution of a bisulphite blocked polyisocyanate

Abstract: of the Invention An aqueous solution of bisulphite blocked poly-isocyanate prepolymers is imparted improved storage stability at temperatures up to about 45°C by incorporation of about 0.5 to 20% by weight (based on the weight of bisulphite blocked prepolymer) of an aromatic or alkyl aromatic sulphonic acid of the formula: R(SO3H)n wherein R is an aromatic or alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 1 to 3. The solution may also contain up to 80 volume percent (based on the total quantity of solvent) of an organic solvent miscible with water and having a boiling point below about 150°C. This solution may be used to finish paper, leather or textiles and to shrink proof keratin containing textiles.

Process for producing molded product composed of crosslinked resin or crosslinked-resin coated material on a substrate by means of electron beam

Abstract: A process for producing molded product composed of crosslinked resin or coated material composed of crosslinked resin on a substrate which comprises blending a polyolefin-series resin, a compound represented by the formula X -- Y.sub.m I wherein X is a group not containing an acetylenic linkage, Y is a group containing an acetylenic linkage and m is an integer of 1 or more, which is compatible with the resin at a room temperature or an elevated temperature, and a compound selected from the group consisting of an amino compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently substituted or non-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon, substituted or non-substituted alicyclic hydrocarbon, or substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, provided that at least one of R 1 or R 2 is substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, an amino compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is independently substituted or non-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon, substituted or non-substituted alicyclic hydrocarbon, or substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, provided that at least one of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is substituted or non-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon; and mixtures thereof which are compatible with the resin at a room temperature or an elevated temperature; and molding the mixture or coating the mixture on a substrate and irradiating the resulting molded material or the resulting coated material by means of an electron beam.

Aromatic hydrocarbon isomer separation process

Abstract: A process for the separation of the para-isomer from a hydrocarbon feed mixture comprising at least two bi-alkyl substituted monocyclic aromatic isomers, including the para-isomer, said isomers having from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms per molecule using a specially prepared adsorbent comprising a Y zeolite containing at the exchangeable cationic sites one or more selected cations. The feed mixture is passed through a bed of the adsorbent wherein the para-isomer is preferentially adsorbed within the adsorbent and thereafter recovered from the adsorbent. Novel feature of the process is the use of the specially prepared adsorbents which have faster adsorption-desorption rates for the desired para-isomer.

Pyridyloxyalkyleneamino-phenoxy-propanol-2-compounds

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN Ar 1 and Ar 2 denote an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical or a monocyclic, monoazacyclic or diazacyclic radical of aromatic character and Alk represents lower alkylene, or salts thereof, exhibit β-receptor-blocking, blood pressure-lowering and vasodilatory effects and are useful for example in the treatment of arrythmias and angina pectoris, and as blood pressure-lowering agents.

Process for separating a high purity vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon mixtures containing the same

Abstract: Styrene of exceptional purity is separated from a mixture of hydrocarbons including it, xylenes, saturated and olefinic hydrocarbons and ethyl benzene by means of a two-step extractive distillation process through the use of a high boiling polar solvent such as N-formyl morpholine in admixture with an amount of water in the range of from 1% to 30% by weight.

Analysis for nitrogen compounds by gas chromatography

Abstract: The qualitative and quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds is accomplished by contacting in the presence of an acid a sample containing such a compound with an aromatic hydrocarbon, thereby converting the compound to a stable nitrogen-containing aromatic hydrocarbon. The sample now containing the nitrated aromatic hydrocarbon is then introduced in a carrier gas stream into a chromatographic column. The effluent stream from the column is passed through a gas chromatography detector, and the detector signal response obtained is compared with that produced by known amounts of a reference calibration sample.

Separation process for aromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract: PURPOSE: 8C Aromatic hydrocarbon isomer mixture is separated with a faujasitetype synthetic zeolite containing K, Li, and Na as an absorbent for separation. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio

Process for reducing nitrogen oxides from flue gas

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides are removed from gas mixtures containing nitrogen oxides and oxygen by adding a reducing agent that is a C2 to C6 olefin or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or toluene, preferably butene-1, and contacting the mixture at 200° to 450° C with a catalyst comprising iridium or a compound thereof supported on a refractory carrier, preferably alumina.

4,4-Diarylpiperidine compositions and use

Abstract: 4,4-Diarylpiperidine compounds, preferably 4,4-diphenylpiperidine which are substituted or unsubstituted in the 1-position of the piperidine nucleus, such as 1-(lower alkyl)-4,4-diphenylpiperidines, 1-(lower alkyl)-4-phenyl-4-tolylpiperidines, and their substantially non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts, are highly effective central nervous system (CNS) stimulants which are superior to known amphetamine-type stimulants. A novel and highly advantageous process of making such 4,4-diarylpiperidine compounds comprises reacting a 4-aryl-4-hydroxypiperidine compound which may be substituted in its 3-position by an aroyl group, with an aromatic hydrocarbon, in particular with benzene, in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts-type catalyst.

Aromatic hydrocarbon isomer separation process

Abstract: A process for the separation of the para-isomer from a hydrocarbon feed mixture comprising at least two bi-alkyl substituted monocyclic aromatic isomers, including the para-isomer, said isomers having from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms per molecule which process employs an adsorbent comprising a type Y zeolite essentially completely exchanged with a single cation selected from the group consisting of potassium, cesium, and rubidium. The feed mixture is passed through a bed of the adsorbent wherein the para-isomer is preferentially adsorbed within the adsorbent and thereafter recovered from the adsorbent.

Solution diene elastomers by alkyl lithium catalysis

Abstract: This invention relates to a solution process for preparing copolymers of a conjugated diene hydrocarbon and a vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon using a potassium-modified organolithium catalyst. The Li/K molar ratio is varied depending upon whether a random or pseudorandom copolymer is desired and depending on whether an aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture of such solvents is used. The invention includes the pseudorandom copolymers formed by the process of the invention, such copolymers being characterized, in part, by having blocks with two to four units of the vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon interspersed throughout the copolymer chain.

Method for separating and recovering hydroquinone

Abstract: A B S T R A C TProcess for the recovery of hydroquinone from oxidized 1,4-di-isopropylbenzene. Low boiling materials are removed by distillation in the presence of a C9 or C10 aromatic hydrocarbon. Hydroquinone is then isolated either by the addition of water to the still residue to cause it to crystal-lize, or by extraction from the still bottoms with methyl isobutyl ketone, and crystallization therefrom.