Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1985"

Role of Radical Cations in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis

Abstract: Carcinogenic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) involves two main pathways: one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation. One-electron oxidation produces PAH radical cations, which can react with cellular nucleophiles. Results from biochemical and biological experiments indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials below ca. 7.35 eV can be metabolically activated by one-electron oxidation. In addition, the radical cations of carcinogenic PAH must have relatively high charge localization to react effectively with macromolecules in target cells. Metabolic formation of PAH quinones proceeds through radical cation intermediates. Binding of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to mouse skin DNA occurs predominantly at C-6, the position of highest charge localization in the BP radical cation, and binding of 6-methyl BP to DNA in mouse skin yields a major adduct with the 6-methyl group bound to the 2-amino group of deoxyguanosine. Studies of carcinogenicity by direct application of PAH to rat mammary gland indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials low enough for activation by one-electron oxidation produce tumors in this target tissue. These constitute some of the results which provide evidence for the involvement of one-electron oxidation in PAH carcinogenesis.

Fungal metabolism and detoxification of the nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-nitropyrene.

Abstract: Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, many of which are potent mutagens in bacterial and mammalian cells and carcinogenic to rodents. In this study, we investigated the fungal metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and determined the mutagenic activity of the metabolites toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA98NR, and TA100. Cunninghamella elegans metabolized 1-nitropyrene to form glucoside conjugates of 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. The metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by application of UV absorption, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. Mutagenicity assays performed on samples extracted from incubations of C. elegans with 1-nitropyrene indicated that mutagenic activity decreased with time. Consistent with the loss in mutagenic activity, the glucoside conjugates of 6- and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene were nonmutagenic in the Salmonella reversion assay. The results indicate that the fungus C. elegans metabolizes 1-nitropyrene to detoxified products.

Transport properties of nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures—VI. Viscosimetric study of binary mixtures of hexafluorobenzene with aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: Viscosity coefficients for binary mixtures of hexafluorobenzene with benzene, toluene, para-xylene, and mesitylene have been measured along the saturation line at temperatures from 15 to 120°C using specially designed capillary viscometers. Densities were measured using a pyknometer and volume-change apparatus. Deviations of the viscosities from a rectilinear dependence on mole fraction are consistent with enhanced interactions between unlike species, which increase with increasing number of methyl groups on the aromatic hydrocarbon and decrease with increasing temperature. The application of the Grunberg and Nissan equation, the Hildebrand equation, and energy of activation theories to these results is examined.

Proton-catalyzed reactions catalyzed by hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays in organic reactions which are catalyzed by protons. Such organic reactions include the production of ethers by the reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of an ether by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or a C 2 or higher alcohol and the production of an alcohol by the hydration of an olefin.

Novel, n,n'bis(sulfonyl) hydrazines having antineoplastic activity

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is methyl or 2-chloroethyl, and R 1 and R 2 are each an aromatic hydrocarbon, ring substituted aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, or an alkyl moiety. The compounds have been found to be alkylating agents having antineoplastic activity.

Electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies of neutral odd–alternate aromatic hydrocarbon free radicals formed by thermal dissociation

Abstract: Electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra are presented for the odd-alternate aromatic hydrocarbon neutral radicals phenalenyl, [2H5]phenylphenalenyl and for the benzo[c,d]pyrenyl and benz[d,e]anthracenyl radicals formed by thermal dissociative processes in solution. Proton hyperfine coupling constants were determined from the ENDOR spectra and were shown to give an excellent linear correlation with McLachlan spin densities with Q = −26.5 G.

Block copolymer resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a resin composition excellent in surface hardness, rigidity, impact resistance and transparency comprising two kinds of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon/conjugated diene block copolymers each having different vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon contents and different block rates. CONSTITUTION: A block copolymer composition comprising (A) 30-90wt.% of a block copolymer having a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon content of 80-95wt.% and a block rate of ≥80wt.% on the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon block and (B) 10-70wt.% of a block copolymer having a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon content of 65-80wt.% and a block rate of 40-65wt.% on the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer block, both the block copolymers (A) and (B) having polymer blocks comprising as primary components at least two vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and polymer blocks comprising as the primary component at least one conjugated diene, respectively. Another block copolymer resin composition comprises 100 pts.wt. of the block copolymer composition and 5-100 pts.wt. of a styrenic polymer (e.g. impact-resistant rubber-modified styrenic polymer). COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Aromatic hydrocarbon variations in North Sea Wells

Abstract: An investigation was made into the use of aromatic hydrocarbons in routine geochemical analysis of North Sea wells.

Catalyst for production of aromatic group and production of aromatic hydrocarbon by using said catalyst

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce an arom. hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon at a high yield and with good efficiency by depositing platinum to L-type zeolite subjected to a halogen treatment as a catalyst for production of aromatic groups. CONSTITUTION: About 0.1W5wt.%, more preferably 0.3W1.5wt.% platinum is deposited on the L-type zeolite such as fluorine-contg. compd. or chlorine-contg. compd. as the catalyst for production of aromatic groups. The resultant catalyst produces arom. hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons such as paraffinic hydrocarbon and olefinic hydrocarbon at a high yield, high activity and long life. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Electrochromic display element

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide an electrochromic display element which shows little coloration when color disapperas, develops color in a high density and has a wide range of voltage required for color development, prepd. by utilizing an electrochromic phenomenon of a specified compd. CONSTITUTION:The display element utilizes an electrochromic phenomenon of a compd. of formula I (where R1 and R2 are H, an alkyl or aromatic hydrocarbon group; R3 and R4 are H, unsubstituted allyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an heterocyclic group), II (where R5, R6 and R7 are alkyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group), III (where R8 and R9 are alkyl, allyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a dialkylmino, diarylamino or heterocyclic group) or IV (where R10, R11 and R12 are allyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group). Examples of compds. of formulas I, II, III and IV are as shown by formulas V, VI, VII and VIII, respectively.

Recovery of nitric acid from nitration spent acid by toluene extraction

Abstract: In a method for denitrifying the nitric acid- and nitrous acid-containing spent acid phase from the nitration of an aromatic hydrocarbon by the mixed acid process which comprises forming a denitrification reaction medium by contacting the spent acid phase with an aromatic hydrocarbon under nitration reaction conditions to recover the nitric acid by the formation of a nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, the improvement which comprises (a) adding an amount of aromatic hydrocarbon which is slightly less than or equal to the stoichiometric amount necessary to deplete the spent acid phase of nitric acid, (b) photometrically monitoring the denitrification reaction medium for the appearance of a dark red to black color, and (c) upon detection of such color, adjusting the aromatic hydrocarbon:nitric acid molar ratio in the denitrification reaction medium to eliminate the color by reducing the aromatic hydrocarbon feed rate, or adding nitric acid to the denitrification reaction medium.

Electric insulating oils

Abstract: This invention relates to electric insulating oils consisting of mineral oils having boiling point of 200° C. or higher, preferably from 250° to 450° C., and having a viscosity of from 2 to 500 cst (at 40° C.), pour point of -35° C. or below, a sulfur content of 5 ppm or less and an aromatic hydrocarbon content (% C A ) of 5% or less.

Method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: A method for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon easily and safely without the use of carrier-supported catalyst and is characterized in that an unsaturated compound having a double bond or bonds that are conjugated with the benzene ring is allowed to coexist in the process to alkylate a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon with olefins in the presence of 5 mM or more of metallic sodium and potassium compound to provide 3 mM or more of potassium ions relative to 1 mole of the substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, said substituted aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one alkyl group or alkylene group which has at least one hydrogen atom in the a-position relative to the aromatic ring of said substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.

Method of preventing deterioration of catalyst

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a cycloolefin in a stable catalytic activity for a long period in high selectivity and in high yield, by hydrogenating partially a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of both a ruthenium and water in an atmosphere not accumulating iron on the catalyst. CONSTITUTION: In hydrogenating partially a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., benzene or toluene) in the presence of both a ruthenium catalyst and water to give a corresponding cycloolefin, the reaction is carried out in an atmosphere not accumulating iron on the catalyst. In order to maintain catalytic activity and selectivity for a long period, the upper limit amount of the catalyst on iron is 2W3wt.% based on Ru and a period to reach this amount requires industrially at least ≥500 hours. A method of using a reactor having a liquid contact part made of an alkali-resistant material (e.g., Ni or Zr) or utilizing stainless steel with addition of an anticorrosive agent such as chromate, etc., is applied. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Measurement of Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Industrial Estuary

Abstract: Levels of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylenes, and ethyl benzene) have been determined in water and sediment samples taken from the River Tees estuary in October 1981. The samples were analysed by a procedure based on the dynamic headspace technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the investigation, the most abundant volatile aromatic hydrocarbon found in the estuarine water was toluene. Concentrations at 1.5 m depth, expressed as averages over approximately one tidal cycle, were 6 μg/1 and 60 μg/1 at the two sampling stations used. Benzene was the next most abundant aromatic compound, and corresponding mean values of 0.3 μg/1 and 1.3 μg/1 were determined for this compound. Some limited work on samples from depths other than 1.5m indicated that higher aromatic concentrations were found nearer the surface. The most abundant aromatics in the sediment samples taken were m-and p-xylene, which were found at 250 μg/kg in one sediment sample. The other volatile aro...

Characterization of sedimentary organic matter using nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis techniques

Abstract: The aromatic hydrocarbon fractions from a series of sediment extracts have been isolated and subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The NMR results were correlated with maturity data such as Rock—Eval T max values, vitrinite reflectance and specific biomarker ratios. Evidence is presented to indicate that the percentage of aromatic protons in the aromatic fraction (PAP) is proportional to the level of maturity of the sediment. Some kerogens have been subjected to 13C NMR (CP/MAS) and flash pyrolysis—gas chromatography (Py−GC) analysis to provide complementary structural information about the kerogens. The 13C NMR and pyrolysis results are compared with maturity and other organic geochemical data.

Production of highly reactive aromatic hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled resin having high reactivity to an active hydrogen- containing compound and extremely low diallylmethane content, by reacting formaldehyde with an aromatic hydrocarbon under specific condition. CONSTITUTION: Formaldehyde and an aromatic hydrocarbon are used as starting raw materials at a molar ratio of 2W5, and are made to react with each other at 80W110°C to a formaldehyde conversion of 50W70mol% spending 4W8hr keeping the concentration of sulfuric acid used as a catalyst in water layer to 15W35wt% to obtain the objective resin. The above reaction is carried out preferably by maintaining the interface between the aqueous phase and the resin phase, e.g. by stirring the system at a lower speed than the conventional process. The reaction system is preferably added with 5W50wt% inert solvent having a boiling point of 90W150°C (e.g. hexane, etc.) based on the aromatic hydrocarbon. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Production of phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon/ formaldehyde resin

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon/formaldehyde resin excellent in heat resistance and suitable for laminates, etc., by reacting a specified highly reactive aromatic hydrocarbon/formaldehyde resin with a phenol. CONSTITUTION: Formaldehyde is reacted with an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., m-xylene) at a molar ratio of about 2W5 in such a manner that they are reacted together at a temperature of about 80W100°C over a period of time of about 4W8hr in an aqueous concentrated sulfuric acid solution of a concentration of about 15W35wt% in a conversion of about 50W70%. In this way, a highly reactive aromatic hydrocarbon/formaldehyde resin having a diallylmethane content ≤5wt% and a xylenol value ≥15mol/kg can be obtained. This resin is reacted with a phenol (e.g., phenol) to obtain the purpose phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon/formaldehyde resin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Synthetic adsorbent and preparation thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a synthetic adsorbent well adsorbing a specific org. compound, by subjecting a mixture consisting of an aromatic polyvinyl monomer, an aromatic monovinyl monomer and an aliphatic vinyl monomer to suspension polymerization in water. CONSTITUTION:The titled adsorbent consists of an aromatic polyvinyl monomer (a), an aromatic monovinyl monomer (b) and an aliphatic vinyl monomer (c) represented by formula {wherein R is H or a methyl group, X is a COOR group or a CN group, R' is H, a -(CH2)n-H group [(n) is 1-4], a -CH2CH2OH group, a -(CH2)m-OCOCR group or a (CH-OCOCR=CH2)lH group [(m) and (l) are respectively 2-4]}. In this case, a vinyl monomer mixture of which the composition is (a)=40-80, (b)=10-54 and (c)=1-10 on the basis of the wt% to all vinyl monomers is subjected to suspension polymerization in water in the presence of 70-150wt% (to all vinyl monomers) of aromatic hydrocarbon being a good solvent for the formed polymer and a polymerization initiator.

Purfication of liquid paraffins

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon impurities are removed from a liquid paraffin by contacting the liquid paraffin at relatively low temperatures (less than 120°C) with an X-type zeolite molecular sieve materiai. The contacting is performed without recycling and purified liquid paraffin containing less than about 0.01% by weight aromatics may be obtained.

Polymerization or copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to produce a 1,3-butadiene polymer having a wide range of a vinyl content, by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene in the presence of tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol dibutyl ether CONSTITUTION:1,3-Butadiene, alone or together with a vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, is polymerized in the presence of an organolithium compound of the formula, a hydrocarbon diluent, 00001-1wt%, preferably, 0001- 05wt% based on the hydrocarbon diluent, tetrahydrofuran, and 00001-1wt%, preferably, 00001-05wt% ethylene glycol dibutyl ether In the forumula, R is an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group, and X is 1-4 Preferred vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons include compounds having a benzene nucleus to which one vinyl group is bonded, especially styrene

Process for producing 2-tert.-butyl-4,5-dichloro-3(2H)-pyridazinone

Abstract: Novel processes for producing 2-tert.-butyl-4,5-dichloro--3(2H)-pyridazinone comprise reacting tert. -butylhydrazine with mucochloric acid in an aromatic hydrocarbon and/or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent. A novel compound, mucochloric acid-tert.-butylhydrazone, is also provided as an intermediate product.

Production of aromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent the deterioration of a catalyst and to improve the yield of arom. compds., by employing a catalyst comprised of zeolite treated with a particular agent in reforming aliph. hydrocarbon and (or) alicyclic hydrocarbons to produce arom. hydrocarbon. CONSTITUTION: Zeolite (e.g., ZSM-5 zeolite) is treated with an org. silane compd. having a molecular diameter larger than the pore diameter of the zeolite to prepare a catalyst having 0.1W10μm-thick SiO 2 layer on the surface of the zeolite. A preferred examples of the org. silane compd. include those of the formula (wherein R 1 is H or 1W5C alkyl; R 2 is 1W5C alkoxyl; 0≤x≤3; 1≤y≤4; and x+y=4). Aliph. hydrocarbon (e.g., paraffins) and (or) alicyclic hydrocarbon (e.g., cycloparaffin) are reformed in the presence of the catalyst to obtain arom. hydrocarbon. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio