Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1986"

A Review of Unique Male Rat Hydrocarbon Nephropathy

Abstract: There is a diverse group of hydrocarbons that induce a specific spectrum of nephropathic alterations. Examples include decalin, an alicyclic hydrocarbon; JP5 jet fuel, a mixture of C12-15 straight and branched chain hydrocarbons; C10-11 isoparaffinic hydrocarbons; Stoddard solvent, a mixture of straight and branched-chain paraffins, naphthenes, and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons; 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, a branched chain hydrocarbon and d-limonene, an aromatic hydrocarbon. Only male rats develop kidney alterations upon exposure to these chemicals. Other mammals such as female rats, mice, guinea pigs, dogs and monkeys evidently are refractory to kidney injury upon exposure. The primary effect of decalin is to specifically exacerbate the accumulation of alpha 2 mu-globulin, a unique protein occurring spontaneously in proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells only in the mature male rat. Thus, the male rat hydrocarbon nephropathy should not be predictive of a normal human renal response.

Epoxy resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled composition having excellent flexibility, crack- resistance, impact-resistance, etc, and suitable for IC encapsulation, etc, by compounding a component containing a phenolic novolak resin modified with polybutadiene derivative-oxygen-containing aromatic hydrocarbon resin as a hardener component CONSTITUTION:(A) A phenolic resin having dimethylene ether group as functional group (eg a resin obtained by reacting 1mol of a phenolic compound with 03-13mol of an aldehyde at =2 carboxyl groups in one molecule and (C) an oxygen-containing aromatic hydrocarbon resin (eg a resin obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon compound with an aldehyde in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst) A hardener component containing >=15wt% phenolic novolak resin modified with polybutadiene derivative-oxygen-containing aromatic hydrocarbon resin and obtained by the above reaction is compounded to en epoxy resin to obtain the objective composition

Molecular jet study of solvation of pyrazine by small hydrocarbons

Abstract: Supersonic molecular jet 2‐color time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy studies are reported for pyrazine solvated by methane, ethane, and propane. The results parallel those obtained for benzene and toluene solvated by these molecules. The presence of nitrogen atoms and lone pair electrons in the aromatic system has only a small effect on the cluster structure. Lennard‐Jones potential calculations are presented along with the experimental data. Cluster shifts and binding energies are reported and correlated with geometries. The nucleation process for cluster formation appears to involve solvent dimers, as was found for the aromatic hydrocarbon systems.

Process for producing alkenyl-aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives

Abstract: Alkenyl-aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives are prepared by reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkenyl-aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of a heteropoly acid and/or a salt thereof.

Vinyl aromatic/terpene/phenol terpolymer

Abstract: Disclosed are terpolymers having a Ring and Ball softening point of 69° C. to 130° C. prepared from a vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, a monoterpene hydrocarbon and a phenol. The terpolymers are useful as tackifiers in adhesive compositions.

Liquid electrostatic developers containing aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: Liquid electrostatic developer having improved charging characteristics consisting essentially of (A) nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, (B) thermoplastic resin particles substantially nonsoluble in nonpolar liquid and aromatic hydrocarbon at ambient temperature and having an average by area particle size of less than 10 μm, (C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic compound, and (D) aromatic hydrocarbon having a Kauri-butanol value of greater than 30. The electrostatic liquid developers are useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

The High-Temperature Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract: Chemical mechanisms of the atmospheric pressure, high-temperature (875-1500 K) gas-phase oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and propylbenzene are described and discussed. Oxidation trends evident from turbulent flow reactor experiments serve as the basis for the mechanisms of the oxidation of benzene and alkylated aromatics. The potential effects of very high temperatures and pressures on the chemistry of oxidation of aromatics are described. The oxidation of benzene and phenyl radical has been found to proceed in a stepwise C6-C5-C4 sequence. Species profiles obtained from flow-reactor experiments suggest that the oxidation of benzene and phenyl radical follows the generalized route via phenoxy, cyclopentadienyl and butadienyl radical. The oxidation of the C4 species branches into multiple pathways that yield copious amounts of ethylene and acetylene. Certain major trends are evident: the alkylated aromatics on initial attack either form styrene, benzyl radical or benzene. The styrene reacts further to produce a benzyl radical or benzene. The oxidation of an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon appears eventually to reduce to the oxidation of either phenyl radical or benzene.

Process for improving octane by the conversion of fused multi-ring aromatics and hydroaromatics to lower molecular weight compounds

Abstract: A process for the conversion of fused two-ring aromatic and fused two-ring hydroaromatic hydrocarbons into lower boiling aromatics, particularly alkylbenzenes of higher octane values. Such feeds are contacted in the presence of hydrogen over an iron catalyst at temperature sufficient to selectively hydrogenate and hydrocrack said fused two-ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound, or fused two-ring hydroaromatic hydrocarbon compounds, or both, to produce lower molecular weight, higher octane components suitable for direct blending with gasoline.

Light color, low softening point petroleum hydrocarbon resins

Abstract: A light color petroleum hydrocarbon resin including an aromatic hydrocarbon component useful for tackifying block copolymers is described which has a softening point of about 0° C. to about 40° C., a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 350 to 600 and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from 1:1 to about 2.0.

Light-sensitive mixed diazonium condensate printing plate for waterless offset printing

Abstract: A light-sensitive printing plate for waterless offset printing is comprised of a layer carrier, a light-sensitive layer containing a diazonium salt polycondensation product, and of an ink-repellent crosslinked silicone elastomer layer superimposed on the light-sensitive layer, wherein the diazonium salt polycondensation product comprises recurrent A-N 2 X and B units which are mutually linked by bridge members, preferably methylene groups, derived from carbonyl compounds capable of condensation, A being the radical of an aromatic diazonium compound capable of condensation with formaldehyde and B being the radical of a compound, in particular an aromatic amine, a phenol, a phenol ether, an aromatic thioether, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic heterocyclic compound or an organic acid amide, that is free of diazonium groups and that is capable of condensation with formaldehyde. The printing plate can be readily developed with developers which contain organic solvents, to give printing forms with good resolution, good ink repellency in the background areas, and long print runs.

Preparation of aromatic nitriles

Abstract: Aromatic nitriles, in particular phthalodinitriles, are prepared from an appropriately alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon by catalytic oxidation with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of ammonia at elevated temperatures in the vapor phase, in the presence of a catalyst which contains from 2 to 10% by weight of vanadium(V) oxide, from 1 to 10% by weight of antimony(III) oxide, from 0.02 to 2% by weight of an alkali metal oxide and alumina, by a process in which from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of an alkaline earth metal, or of a compound of an alkaline earth metal, in particular barium or a barium compound, is added to the catalyst.

Aminosilane coupling agent

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the titled coupling agent containing a specific aminosilane compound, having excellent heat-resistance, and useful as an agent for treating glass fibers for laminated board. CONSTITUTION:The objective coupling agent is composed of the compound of formula I (A is aromatic hydrocarbon residue; B is hydrocarbon residue; D is 1-6C aliphatic hydrocarbon residue; R' is H or 1-4C hydrocarbon residue; R'' is H, 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or aromatic hydrocarbon residue; a is 1-3) and/or the compound of formula II (X is halogen). The above compound can be produced by reacting the compound of formula RaSi(OR')4-a (R is hydrocarbon residue having epoxy, isocyanato or halogen) (e.g. gamma- isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane) with the compound of formula III (e.g. 4,4'- diaminodiphenyl ether) preferably in a solvent such as dimethylformamide.

Phenylenediamine solubilizer for dinitrophenol in aromatic solvent

Abstract: Compositions, comprised of a dinitrophenol in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, which compositions further comprise a sufficient amount of a phenylenediamine such that a greater amount of dinitrophenol is in solution than would be present in solution if such phenylenediamine were not present, exhibit unexpectedly desirable low temperature stability, and may be diluted with additional solvent to be employed as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl aromatic compounds.

Quenching of the triplet states of aromatic hydrocarbons by tertiary amines

Abstract: Rate constants for the quenching of the triplet states of 4-chlorobiphenyl, 1-chloronaphthalene, 9-chloroanthracene and anthracene have been determined. Whilst the quenching efficiency of the more energetic triplet states (ca. 60 kcal mol–1) by amines appears to be related to the ionisation potential of the latter, no clear trend was seen for the anthracenes. The degree of charge transfer appears, therefore, to decrease as the triplet energy of the hydrocarbon is reduced. By use of α, ω-diaminoalkanes it was found that the triplet states do not participate in complex formation involving simultaneous interaction of the two amino groups and the aromatic hydrocarbon. The quenching efficiency of the diamines increases as the chain linking the amino group is lengthened, suggesting that these compounds undergo multicollisional quenching. The fluorescence of 3,3′-bipyrenyl is quenched by N,N′-dimethylaniline (KSV= 75 ± 1 dm3 mol–1 in acetonitrile and 2.8 ± 0.1 dm3 mol–1 in cyclohexane), but in acetonitrile no evidence for triplet formation could be found. It is suggested that conformational linking in the bipyrene aids radiationless decay to the ground state.

Polyhydroxypolyethers, process for production thereof, and use thereof

Abstract: A substantially linear polyhydroxypolyether consisting essentially of recurring units represented by the general formula (OCH₂CH₂O-R¹) n - (I) wherein R¹ represents a p-phenylene group or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group containing the p-phenylene group as a main component, and n is a positive number, said polyhydroxypolyether having an intrinsic viscosity [η], measured in o-chlorophenyl at 25°C, of 0.3 to 2 dl/g, and containing not more than 0.2% by weight of nonionic or­ ganic halogen. The polyhydroxypolyether may be prepared by reacting a diglycidyl ether of an aromatic diol with an aromatic diol in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, tertiary phosphines and quaternary phospho­ nium compounds, The polyhydroxypolyether is useful as a gas-barrier imparting agent.

Process for the preparation of 1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro [4,5] decane compounds

Abstract: The reaction for the preparation of 1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4.5]decane compounds of the formula ##STR1## proceeds more rapidly and more completely if it is performed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst in an aromatic hydrocarbon which is liquid at room temperature.

Photopolymerizable composition and a photo-initiator system

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions comprising one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds and a photo-initiator system comprising a diketon: A-(C=O)-(C=O)-A (A and A' are aromatic hydrocarbon groups), and a reducing agent N-R 1 R 2 R 3 (R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, hydrocarbon, substituted hydrocarbon or aromatic, at least one R bears an α-H), and is characterized in that 0.001 1 % (wt) of a polyhalogen-containing compound is added to the photo-initiator system, while 0.001 1 % (wt) photo initiator is used.

Novel bismaleimide compound and production thereof

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:The bismaleimide compound of formula I (R 1 WR 4 and R 1 'WR 4 ' are H, halogen or 1W4C alkyl). EXAMPLE: N,N'-(1,3-phenylene-di-(2,2-propylidene)-di-p-phenylene)bismaleimide. USE: A raw material for a polyimide resin having high toughness. The compound imparts a polyimide resin with proper flexibility and improves the brittleness without lowering the heat-resistance of the resin. PREPARATION: The compound of formula I can be produced by reacting a diamine compound of formula II with maleic anhydride in the presence of an acidic catalyst in a solvent consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, alicyclic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, halide of said aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing or sulfur-containing polar solvent or their mixture under thermal refluxing while removing water produced by the reaction from the reaction system. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Synthesis of bis (n-substituted phthalimide) ethers

Abstract: Bis(N-substituted phthalimide)ethers are synthesized in a one-step process by heating a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## with a catalytic amount of an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate in a polar aprotic solvent under ether-forming conditions, and recovering the bis(N-substituted phthalimide)ether from the reaction mixture. R 1 is hydrogen; a monovalent organic radical selected from a lower alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or halogenated derivative thereof, having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms. X is a leaving group.

Production of modified polycyclic aromatic condensate and its resin

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title condensate which can economically give a modified polycyclic aromatic resin excellent in moldability and heat resistance, by using a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, formaldehyde and a specified aromatic compound as starting materials and condensing these materials in two stages. CONSTITUTION: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., naphthalene or anthracene oil) is condensed with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-generating substance (e.g., methylal) in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g., a Lewis acid) in a polar organic compound (e.g., nitrobenzene) as the solvent. A modified polycyclic aromatic condensate can be obtained by condensing the obtained primary condensate with an aromatic compound of the formula (wherein Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon, X is an acidic group and n is 1W4), e.g., α,α'-dihydroxy-p-xylene. A modified polycyclic aromatic resin can be obtained by curing this condensate by heating. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Production of highly pure n-vinylformamide

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled compound as a raw material for polymers useful as a flocculant in high yield under effective separation of impurities therefrom, by extracting crude N-vinylformamide containing formamide as an impurity with an addition of both water and an aromatic hydrocarbon, etc CONSTITUTION:Water and an aromatic hydrocarbon are added to crude N- vinylformamide containing formamide as an impurity to effect extraction, and an organic phase containing N-vinylformamide and an aqueous phase containing formamide thus prepared are separated from each other, and N-vinylformamide is obtained from the organic phase The content of the impurity contained in the crude N-vinylformamide is 2-20wt% The amount of the water to be used is usually about 005-05 times weight based on that of the aromatic hydrocarbon (example; toluene, xylene, benzene, etc) Number of steps in distillation is 1-5 and extraction temperature is normally 10-30 degC

Process for the production of offset printing plates from light-sensitive material based on diazonium salt-polycondensation products

Abstract: 1. Process for the production of a lithographic printing form, in which a light-sensitive reproduction material comprising a support which has a hydrophilic surface and is suitable for lithographic printing and a negative-working light-sensitive layer which contains as the light-sensitive compound a condensation product with recurrent units A-N2 X and B which are linked by bivalent intermediate members derived from a carbonyl compound which is capable of condensation, the units A-N2 X being derived from compounds of the general formula (R**1 -R**3 -)R**2 -N2 X and with X standing for the anion of the diazonium compound, p for an-integer from 1 to 3, R**1 for a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical which is capable of condensation in at least one position, R**2 for an arylene group of the benzene or naphthalene series, R**3 for a single bond or one of the groups -(CH2 )-NR**4 -, -O-(CH2 )r -NR**4 -, -S-(CH2 )r -NR**4 -, -S-CH2 -CO-NR**4 -, -O-R**5 -O -O-, -S- or -CO-NR**4 wherein q is a number from 0 to 5, r is a number from 2 to 5, R**4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and R**5 is an arylene group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and B denoting the radical of an aromatic amine, phenol, thiophenol, phenol ether, aromatic thioether, aromatic hydrocarbon, of an aromatic heterocyclic compound or of an organic acid amide, which is free of diazonium groups, the condensation product containing, on an average, from 0.01 to 50 B units for each A-N2 X unit, and as the sole binder a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride or a partial ester of maleic acid, is exposed imagewise and the unexposed layer areas are washed away with a developer, the process being characterized in that the developer used is an alkaline solution which contains exclusively water as the solvent.