Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1997"
TL;DR: The photophysical properties of N, N -dibutyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (1, Scheme 1) were studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The photophysical properties of N , N -dibutyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide ( 1 , Scheme 1) were studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy The absorption and emission spectra of 1 are mirror images and show resolved vibrational structure indicating that 1 is a rigid molecule which does not relax substantially from the initially formed Franck-Condon state The fluorescence of 1 is rather weak (quantum yield, approximately 0002), supposedly due to fast intersystem crossing to a close-lying triplet level Diimide 1 aggregates in acetonitrile and in aqueous medium, but aggregation is prevented by the presence of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) due to complex formation between α-CD and the butyl substituents of 1 Diimide 1 displays unusual spectral characteristics in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, which can be attributed to ground state complex formation between 1 and the aromatic compound The addition of benzene, toluene and p -xylene to an acetonitrile solution of 1 was followed by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the data obtained were treated as simple 1 : 1 equilibria Association constants were calculated for the complexes between 1 and the aromatic compounds The magnitude of the constants suggests that these ground state complexes are basically of the π-stacking type, with no charge transfer character In the excited state, however, the complexes show polar character, suggesting that electron transfer occurs following excitation
134 citations
TL;DR: The catabolic pathways for the degradation of both the monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are intertwined, joining together at the level of (methyl)benzoate and catechol.
Abstract: Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B1 is able to grow on a wide variety of aromatic compounds including biphenyl, naphthalene,phenanthrene, toluene, m-, and p-xylene. In addition, the initial enzymes for degradation of biphenyl have the ability to metabolize a wide variety of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The catabolic pathways for the degradation of both the monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are intertwined, joining together at the level of (methyl)benzoate and catechol. Both upper branches of the catabolic pathways are induced when S. yanoikuyae B1 is grown on either class of compound. An analysis of the genes involved in the degradation of these aromatic compounds reveals that at least six operons are involved. The genes are not arranged in discrete pathway units but are combined in groups with genes for the degradation of both classes of compounds in the same operon.Genes for multiple dioxygenases are present perhaps explaining the ability of S. yanoikuyae B1 to grow on a wide variety of aromatic compounds.
121 citations
Patent•
14 May 1997TL;DR: In this paper, an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is produced by isomerizing a normal alpha-olefin having from 20 to 28 carbon atoms in the presence of a first acidic catalyst to produce a partially-branched, isomerized olefin.
Abstract: An alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is produced having the following properties: (a) less than 40 wt. % of the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is 2-aryl; and (b) at least 20 wt. % of the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is a monoalkylate. That alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is produced by isomerizing a normal alpha-olefin having from 20 to 28 carbon atoms in the presence of a first acidic catalyst to produce a partially-branched, isomerized olefin, then either benzene or toluene is alkylated with the partially-branched, isomerized olefin in the presence of a second solid, acidic catalyst. The first acidic catalyst can be a molecular sieve with a one-dimensional pore system. The second acidic catalyst can be a zeolite Y having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 40:1.
54 citations
Patent•
22 Oct 1997TL;DR: An improved process for producing xylene from feedstock containing C9 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons with the aid of a catalyst capable of disproportionation, rearrangement, and dealkylation was proposed in this article.
Abstract: An improved process for producing xylene from feedstock containing C9 alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons with the aid of a catalyst capable of disproportionation, rearrangement, and dealkylation, wherein said improvement comprises performing the reaction in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon having one or more ethyl groups in an amount of 5 to 50 wt %.
50 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of different quinones indicates that enzyme specificity and quinone structure are factors in determining ROS production, and indicates a wide pro-oxidant potential forQuinones formed from aromatic hydrocarbons by biotransformation and photo-oxidation processes.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a bowl-shaped C32H12 hydrocarbon with a carbon framework was identified on the buckminsterfullerene surface and pyrolysis was used to obtain a number of polynuclear aromatics.
34 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that the AH receptor plays a role in the down-regulation of CYP2C11 caused by PAHs, which is the predominant CYP expressed constitutively in the liver of male rats.
33 citations
Patent•
23 Jul 1997TL;DR: In this paper, a catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition and a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a C 9 + aromatic compound to a C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed.
Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition and a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a C 9 + aromatic compound to a C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises a zeolite having impregnated thereon an activity promoter selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, molybdenum oxides, lanthanum, lanthanum oxides, and combinations of two or more thereof. The composition can be produced by incorporating the activity promoter into the zeolite. The hydrocarbon conversion process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C 9 + aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C 9 + aromatic compound to a C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbon.
31 citations
Patent•
19 Nov 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the case where at least one radical R2 is attached terminally and/or laterally to another radical R1, where R1 can also be a cyclic aliphatic or aromatic radical.
Abstract: Oraganopolysiloxanes of the general formula ##STR1## where R1 =identical or different aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, R2 =CH2 CH2 O(CR4 R5)x OC(O)CR6 ═CHR7, where R4, R5, R6 and R7 can be identical or different radicals and are each a H or alkyl radical, branched or unbranched, having up to a total of 6 C atoms and x has a value from 3 to 11, where --(CR4 R5)-- can also be a cyclic aliphatic or aromatic radical, R3 =R2 or R1, a=0 to 50 and b=0 to 500, but at least one radical R2 is attached terminally and/or laterally.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the liquid phase hydrogenation kinetics of one multi-aromatic mixture and five binary aromatic mixtures of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and mesitylene were determined in a semibatch reactor operating at a pressure of 40 bar and a temperature of 125 °C.
Abstract: The liquid-phase hydrogenation kinetics of one multiaromatic mixture and five binary aromatic mixtures of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and mesitylene were determined in a semibatch reactor operating at a pressure of 40 bar and a temperature of 125 °C. Commercial preactivated catalyst particles of nickel−alumina were used in the experiments. In mixtures, the aromatic compounds reacted in queues so that the most reactive components started to react immediately while the least reactive components did not react until the most reactive components had been hydrogenated completely. This type of reactivity decreased with the increasing number of substituents, i.e. in the order monosubstituted > disubstituted > trisubstituted. The relative positions of the substituents affected the reaction rate so that the reactivity decreased in the order ortho > para > meta. The queue effect was described with a kinetic model based on the rapid adsorption of aromatic compounds and hydrogen and sequential addition of hydrogen...
25 citations
Patent•
30 Jan 1997TL;DR: In this article, a catalyst composition and a process for converting a C 9 + aromatic compound to C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are described.
Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, a C 9 + aromatic compound to C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed The catalyst composition comprises an aluminosilicate, and a metal wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0002:1 to about 06:1 The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to a C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbon Also disclosed is a process for producing the catalyst composition which comprises: (1) optionally contacting a beta zeolite with steam to produce a steamed beta zeolite; (2) contacting a beta zeolite or the steamed beta zeolite with an effective amount of an acid under a condition sufficient to effect a reduction in aluminum content of the beta zeolite to produce an acid-leached beta zeolite; and (3) impregnating the acid-leached beta zeolite with an effective amount of a metal compound under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a metal-promoted beta zeolite
Patent•
21 Aug 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to obtain an aromatic compound useful as a chemical material and hydrogen gas in high yield by reacting a lower hydrocarbon in the coexistence of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simultaneously obtain an aromatic compound useful as a chemical material and hydrogen gas in high yield by reacting a lower hydrocarbon in the coexistence of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst. SOLUTION: This aromatic compound (e.g. benzene, naphthalene) including an aromatic hydrocarbon as the main component and hydrogen is obtained by reacting (C) a lower hydrocarbon (e.g. ethane, ethylene) in the presence of (A) a catalyst [e.g. a catalyst consisting of molybdenum, zinc, gallium, iron and cobalt or metal compounds thereof and metallosilicate (e.g. aluminosilicate)] in the coexistence of (B) carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The amount of the component B to be added is preferably 0.01-30 vol.%, based on the total volume of the total material gases to be supplied for the reaction.
Patent•
23 Oct 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition, and a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a hydrocar stream such as, for example, gasoline, to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed.
Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition, and a hydrocarbon conversion process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a promoter and optionally a binder. The process for producing the composition comprises the steps: (1) combining a zeolite with a promoter under a condition sufficient to produce a modified zeolite; and (2) steaming the modified zeolite. The hydrocarbon conversion process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to an olefin and a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.
Patent•
28 Aug 1997TL;DR: In this paper, a guard bed for the removal of nitrogen compounds from the aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising the nitrogen compounds is provided to contact the hydrocarbon streams with a selective adsorbent having an average pore size less than about 5.5 Angstroms to produce a treated feedstream essentially free of the nitrogen compound.
Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic reaction of an aromatic stream wherein a guard bed for the removal of nitrogen compounds from the aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising the nitrogen compounds is provided to contact the hydrocarbon stream with a selective adsorbent having an average pore size less than about 5.5 Angstroms to produce a treated feedstream essentially free of the nitrogen compound. The selective adsorbent is a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of pore closed zeolite 4A, zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, silicalite, F-silicalite, ZSM-5 and mixtures thereof. The invention provides significant cost advantages when the feedstream is subject to slugs or surges in levels of nitrogen compounds which can be detrimental to downstream acid catalysts as found in aromatic conversion reactions.
Patent•
19 Mar 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of obtaining a catalyst for producing aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene or naphthalene and hydrogen, by using a lower hydrocarbon such as natural gas, was solved.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a catalyst for producing aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or naphthalene and hydrogen, by using a lower hydrocarbon such as natural gas, and a method for aromatizing lower hydrocarbon by using this catalyst. SOLUTION: The aromatizing catalyst for lower hydrocarbon consists of at least one kind of a metal selected from among zinc, gallium and cobalt and metallosilicate (1), molybdenum and at least one kind of a metal selected from among zinc, gallium, cobalt, chromium, ranthanum, neodium, samarium and yttrium and metallosilicate (2) and heteropolyacid containing at least one kind of a metal selected from among molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium and metallosilicate. In the presence of catalysts (1)-(3), lower hydrocarbon is reacted (4). COPYRIGHT: (C)1998,JPO
TL;DR: This study investigated whether proteins which specifically bind halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons were present in marine invertebrates and used the photoaffinity TCDD-analog, 2- azido -3-[ 125 I] iodo -7,8- dibromodibenzo -p- dioxin, to detect the presence of cytosolic proteins which specific bound this ligand.
Patent•
23 Oct 1997TL;DR: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, containing a novel aromatic polycarbonate resin having a repeat unit of formula (I): as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, containing a novel aromatic polycarbonate resin having a repeat unit of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each is an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a halogen atom; R 4 is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group which may have a substituent; Ar 1 and Ar 2 each is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent; l, m and n each is an integer of 0 to 4; k is an integer of 5 to 5,000; and X is a bivalent aliphatic group, a bivalent cyclic aliphatic group, or ##STR2## in which R 5 and R 6 each is an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a halogen atom, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group; p and q each is an integer of 0 to 4; and r is 0 or 1, and when r is 1, Y is a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO 2 --, or --C(O)--.
Patent•
30 Jan 1997TL;DR: In this article, a catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, a C 9 +aromatic compound to C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed.
Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, a C 9 +aromatic compound to C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises an aluminosilicate, and a metal wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.002:1 to about 0.6:1. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to a C 6 to C 8 aromatic hydrocarbon. Also disclosed is a process for producing the catalyst composition which comprises: (1) contacting a zeolite with steam to produce a steamed zeolite; (2) optional contacting the steamed zeolite with an effective amount of an acid under a condition sufficient to effect a reduction in aluminum content of the zeolite to produce an acid-leached zeolite; and (3) impregnating the steamed or acid-leached zeolite with an effective amount of a metal compound under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a metal-promoted zeolite.
Patent•
17 Mar 1997TL;DR: A black coloring composition comprising, a black inorganic pigment formed of an oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less and comprising at least one kind of metal s elected from metals belonging to Groups 4 to 11 and also to the fourth period, at least some kinds of dispersant selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral resin represented by the following general formula (1), polyacrylic resin, and a higher carboxylic acid represented by as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A black coloring composition comprising, a black inorganic pigment formed of an oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less and comprising at least one kind of metal s elected from metals belonging to Groups 4 to 11 and also to the fourth period, at least one kinds of dispersant selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral resin represented by the following general formula (1), polyacrylic resin represented by the following general formula (2), and a higher carboxylic acid represented by the following general formula (3), and an organic solvent: ##STR1## wherein x=0.01 to 0.9, y≦0.05, and n is an integer; ##STR2## wherein R 1 is selected from hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, R 2 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, R 3 is selected from hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a=0 to 0.9, and n is an integer; R.sup.4 COOH (3) wherein R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 12 or more carbon atoms.
Patent•
28 Aug 1997TL;DR: In this paper, a catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition, and a hydrotreating process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed.
Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition, and a hydrotreating process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, gasoline, to olefins and C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a clay, and a promoter. The process for producing the composition comprises the steps: (1) combining a zeolite with a clay and a promoter under a condition sufficient to bind the clay to the zeolite to produce a clay-bound zeolite; and (2) heating the clay-bound zeolite to produce a modified zeolite. The hydrotreating process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to an olefin and a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.
TL;DR: In this paper, supercritical CO2 was used to extract the C6-C14 volatile hydrocarbons from pulverized coal samples, and packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography was employed to separate and quantify the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon class fractions.
Abstract: Conventional analytical techniques, such as headspace gas chromatography and Soxhlet extraction, can provide compositional information for the gaseous (C 1-5 ) and heavy (C 15+ ) hydrocarbon constituents, respectively. The volatile (C 6-14 ) hydrocarbons, if present, usually go undetected because of volatility fractionation and loss. In this study, supercritical CO2 was used to extract the C6-C14 volatile hydrocarbons from pulverized coal samples. Capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify the mixture components, and packed capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography was used to separate and quantify the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon class fractions. It was found that the compositions of the light hydrocarbon fractions included several homologous series of normal and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes ; the concentrations of these volatile hydrocarbons ranged between 0.01 and 0.2 wt % of the bulk material for different coal and shale samples.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons on surfactant micellar growth has been investigated by viscosity measurements at 40°C, and the results showed that the visco-catastrophic behavior changed substantially in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide.
Abstract: The effect of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons on surfactant micellar growth has been investigated by viscosity measurements at 40°C. Aqueous and aqueous KBr (0.1 M) solutions of 0.1 M cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) showed that the viscosity behavior changed substantially in the presence of KBr. This is attributed to favorable conditions produced by KBr that assist micellar growth by addition of hydrocarbons. Reasons for the effectiveness of the solubilized hydrocarbons are suggested and supported by theoretical arguments. The causes of viscosity decrease at higher aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations are also explained. Micellar growth with soluble aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons could also be initiated if a moderate salt concentration is present in CPB micellar solutions. The chainlength, solubilization site, and molar volume of the soluble hydrocarbons all affect the bulk viscosity of the solution. Such surfactant and hydrocarbon combinations may find use in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of benzene and its derivatives, but it should be kept in mind that micellar shape may change and be more curved at higher benzene derivative concentrations.
Patent•
23 Sep 1997TL;DR: In this paper, a process for interpolymerizing a poly(vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon) and a block polymer is described, which produces a high Gardner impact strength and good processibility.
Abstract: A process for interpolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer and a block polymer is disclosed. The process includes the following steps: (a) forming a block polymer precursor of at least one polymeric block containing conjugated diene monomer contributed units in the presence of an anionic initiator and in an inert diluent, the block polymer precursor having living ends; and (b) thereafter adding to the block polymer precursor a charge of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer and an additional charge of an anionic initiator to simultaneously form (1) a block polymer having a terminal block formed from the charge of vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer attached to the block polymer precursor and (2) a poly(vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon) polymer interpolymedzed with the block polymer. The practice of this process produces a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon block terminated block polymer, such as SBS, interpolymerized with a polymer formed from vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer, such as polystyrene. The resultant interpolymer has a high Gardner Impact strength and good processibility.
Patent•
14 Oct 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a trimellitic anhydride is used to synthesize an aromatic polyamideimide, excellent in heat resistance, etc., and useful for varnish, etc.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an aromatic polyamideimide, excellent in heat resistance, etc., and useful for varnish, etc., capable of making filtration process unnecessary by reacting a specific aromatic diamine with trimellitic anhydride. SOLUTION: (A) A diamine having >=3 aromatic rings is reacted with (B) trimellitic anhydride, preferably in the presence of an aprotonic polar solvent at 50-90 deg.C and further, aromatic hydrocarbon capable of carrying out azeotrope with water is charged thereto at 0.1-0.4 weight ratio based on the solvent and the reaction is further carried out at 120-180 deg.C and (C) the resultant aromatic diimidedicarboxylic acid of formula I [R is formula II (X is a group of phenyl or biphenyl)] is reacted with (D) an aromatic diisocyanate of formula III (R is naphthalene, etc.). 2,2-Bis[4- 4-(5-hydroxycarbonyl-1,3-dione-isoindolino) phenoxy}phenyl]propane is preferably used as the component C and 4, 4'- diphenylmethane-diisocyanate is preferably used as the component D.
Patent•
05 May 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a process of preparing an elastomeric copolymer composition of mono-vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene is described, which possesses the characteristics of enhancing ultimate elongation up to 900%, keeping tensile strength in a suitable range and enhancing transparency.
Abstract: A process of preparing an elastomeric copolymer composition of mono-vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and conjugated diene is disclosed. The composition produced by this process has preferred properties, i.e. the product possesses the characteristics of enhancing ultimate elongation up to 900%, keeping tensile strength in a suitable range and enhancing transparency.
Patent•
04 Jun 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenol compound expressed by a specific structural formula as a developer is used to improve high-speed erasing properties and heat-resistant shelf life by using phenol compounds expressed by specific structural formulas as developers.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve high-speed erasing properties and heat-resistant shelf life by using a phenol compound expressed by a specific structural formula as a developer. SOLUTION: In the reversible heat-sensitive developing composition which uses a developing reaction due to an electron-receptive compound for an electron-donative coloring compound, a phenol compound expressed by formula I or formula II is used. In the formula I or II, (n) is an integer of 1-3; (p) is an integer of 1-4. X and Y are a divalent group including an N atom or an 0 atom. Further, R1 and R3 are an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with two or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent; R2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group constituted of these two groups Thus it is possible to obtain the reversible heat-sensitive developing composition which has stable coloring and decolorizing properties and an outstanding shelf life to heat and further, is capable of dealing with rapid decolorizing process.
Patent•
08 Jul 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the objective cycloolefin is produced by partially hydrogenating to a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by hydrogen under 10-200 atm, preferably 20-70 atm at a temperature of 50-250 deg.C while varying a concentration of a metal sulfate dissolved in an aqueous phase containing a catalyst within the range of 1×10 -5.0 mol/L.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently produce cycloolefin by performing a reaction while varying a concentration of a metal sulfate dissolved in an aqueous phase containing a catalyst, in hydrogenating to a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst. SOLUTION: The objective cycloolefin is produced by partially hydrogenating to a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [(alkyl-substituted) benzene, toluene, xylene] by hydrogen under 10-200 atm, preferably 20-70 atm at a temperature of 50-250 deg.C, preferably 100-200 deg.C while varying a concentration of a metal sulfate dissolved in an aqueous phase containing a catalyst within the range of 1×10 -5.0 mol/L in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst (preferably a non- carrying type catalyst of metal ruthenium containing a zinc compound and having <=200Å average crystallite diameter and obtained by previously reducing a ruthenium compound), water and the metal sulfate (preferably one containing at least zinc sulfate).
Patent•
22 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a semiconductor device manufacturing method includes an etching process or a surface-treating process in which an acyl-group-containing compound represented by the following formula (1): RCOX (1) is used to form a sturdy film on the etched or treated surface, and high anti-resist selectivity, high antibase-layer selectivity and high plasma-tolerance are thereby achieved, wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocar group, or a derivative thereof, and X is a substituent.
Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method includes an etching process or a surface-treating process in which an etching gas or a surface-treating gas including an acyl-group-containing compound represented by the following formula (1): RCOX (1) is used to form a sturdy film on the etched or treated surface, and high anti-resist selectivity, high anti-base-layer selectivity and high plasma-tolerance are thereby achieved, wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a derivative thereof, and X is a substituent. Preferably, the substituent X in the above formula (1) is a halogen atom or a group represented by the following formula (2): R'COO-- (2) wherein R' is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a derivative thereof.
Patent•
25 Dec 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, an activated clay prepared by treating dioctahedral smectite clay mineral with an acid is used as the activated clay for purification of aromatic hydrocarbons such as BTX(benzene, toluene, xylene).
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the life of a catalyst and to suppress side-reaction such as heterogeneous reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons by using an activated clay having specified BET specific surface area as an activated clay for purification of aromatic hydrocarbons which is prepared by treating a dioctahedral smectite clay mineral with an acid. SOLUTION: An activated clay prepared by treating dioctahedral smectite clay mineral with an acid is used as the activated clay for purification of aromatic hydrocarbons such as BTX(benzene, toluene, xylene). The activated clay has ≥250 m 2 /g BET specific surface area and has ≥2.5 wt.% iron content expressed in terms of Fe 2 O 3 . The activated clay is prepared to have a compsn. with 8.0 to 17.0 molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 and 16.0 to 85.0 molar ratio of SiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 and to contain a hydroxyl group-contg. iron (III) compd. as at least a part of the iron content. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO
Patent•
05 Sep 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a petroleum-based non-carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon oil containing little polycyclic aromatic compound and usable for the production of rubber, ink product, etc.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a petroleum-based non-carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon oil containing little polycyclic aromatic compound and usable for the production of rubber, ink product, etc., by subjecting a petroleum-based hydrocarbon mixture to an extraction treatment with a solvent in several stages and using the extracted oil as the objective oil. SOLUTION: A petroleum-based hydrocarbon mixture is subjected to the 1st stage solvent extraction to obtain an extraction residue oil containing >=12% of carbon constituting aromatic compounds determined by the composition analysis method specified by ASTM D 2140 and containing =26% by ASTM D 2140 and a polycyclic aromatic compound content of <3% by IP 346 test method.