Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 2004"

Combined application of stable carbon isotope analysis and specific metabolites determination for assessing in situ degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar oil-contaminated aquifer

Abstract: To evaluate the intrinsic bioremediation potential in an anoxic tar oil-contaminated aquifer at a former gasworks site, groundwater samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and signature metabolites analysis (SMA). 13C/12C fractionation data revealed conclusive evidence for in situ biodegradation of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m/p-xylene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene. In laboratory growth studies, 13C/12C isotope enrichment factors for anaerobic degradation of naphthalene (epsilon = -1.1 +/- 0.4) and 2-methylnaphthalene (epsilon = -0.9 +/- 0.1) were determined with the sulfate-reducing enrichment culture N47, which was isolated from the investigated test site. On the basis of these and other laboratory-derived enrichment factors from the literature, in situ biodegradation could be quantified for toluene, o-xylene, m/p-xylene, and naphthalene. Stable carbon isotope fractionation in the field was also observed for ethylbenzene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and benzothiophene but without providing conclusive results. Further evidence for the in situ turnover of individual BTEX compounds was provided by the presence of acetophenone, o-toluic acid, and p-toluic acid, three intermediates in the anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and p-xylene, respectively. A number of groundwater samples also contained naphthyl-2-methylsuccinic acid, a metabolite that is highly specific for the anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene. Additional metabolites that provided evidence on the anaerobic in situ degradation of naphthalenes were 1-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthoic acid. 2-Carboxybenzothiophene, 5-carboxybenzothiophene, a putative further carboxybenzothiophene isomer, and the reduced derivative dihydrocarboxybenzothiophene indicated the anaerobic conversion of the heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzothiophene. The combined application of CSIA and SMA, as two reliable and independent tools to collect direct evidence on intrinsic bioremediation, leads to a substantially improved evaluation of natural attenuation in situ.

Graphitic mesostructured carbon prepared from aromatic precursors.

Abstract: Mesostructured carbons with graphitic framework walls are conveniently prepared at ambient pressures through the replication of a mesostructured silica template using an aromatic hydrocarbon as the carbon precursor and a catalyst.

Tar removal from biomass derived fuel gas by pulsed corona discharges: chemical kinetic study II

Abstract: Tar (heavy hydrocarbon or poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)) removal from biomass derived fuel gas is one of the biggest obstacles in its utilization for power generation We have investigated pulsed

Polymer light-emitting material and polymer light-emitting device

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer light-emitting material which contains a polymer compound composed of repeating units represented by the formula (1) or (2) below and having a number-average molecular weight of 103-108 based on polystyrene standards, and exhibits light emission from the triplet excited state. (1) [In the formula, Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent heterocyclic group; X1 and X2 independently represent O, S, C(=O), S(=O), SO2, C(R1)(R2), Si(R3)(R4), N(R5), B(R6), P(R7) or P(=O)(R8); X1 and Ar2 are bonded with adjacent carbon atoms in the aromatic ring of Ar1; and X2 and Ar1 are bonded with adjacent carbon atoms in the aromatic ring of Ar2.] (2) [In the formula, Ar3 and Ar4 independently represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent heterocyclic group; X3 and X4 independently represent N, B, P, C(R9) or Si(R10); X3 and Ar4 are bonded with adjacent atoms in the aromatic ring of Ar3; and X4 and Ar3 are bonded with adjacent atoms in the aromatic ring of Ar4.]

Polymerisation and oligomerisation catalysts

Abstract: A polymerisation catalyst comprising (1) a transition metal compound of Formula A, and optionally (2) an activating quantity of a Lewis acid activator, Formula (A), wherein Z is a five-membered heterocyclic group containing at least one carbon atom, at least one nitrogen atom and at least one other hetero atom selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, the remaining atoms in the ring being nitrogen or carbon; M is a metal from Group 3 to 11 of the Periodic Table or a lanthanide metal; E1 and E2 are divalent groups from (i) aliphatic hydrocarbon, (ii) alicyclic hydrocarbon, (iii) aromatic hydrocarbon, (iv) alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon (v) heterocyclic groups and (vi) heterosubstituted derivatives of groups (i) to (v); D' and D2 are donor groups; X is an anionic group, L is a neutral donor group; n = m = zero or 1; y and z are zero or integers. The catalysts are useful for polymerising or oligomerising 1-olefins.

Organic electroluminescent element, display and lighting device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic EL element having a long emission lifetime and exhibiting high emission efficiency, and to provide a lighting device and a display. SOLUTION: The organic EL element contains a metal complex represented by general formula (A) or having a tautomer of general formula (A) as a partial structure, and a compound represented by general formula (1). In the formula, Z 11 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle, R 11 represents a substituent, and X 11 represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NR 12 (R 12 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent). n11 represents an integer of 0-2, and Z 1 represents an aromatic heterocycle, Z 2 represents an aromatic heterocycle or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and Z 3 represents a bivalent coupling group or a simple bonding hand. R 101 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Dioxygenases

Abstract: Since the initial discovery of toluene dioxygenase (TDO) by David Gibson and coworkers (Yeh et al. 1977; Subramanian et al. 1979), aromatic hydrocarbon dioxygenases have been reported to catalyze the initial reaction in the bacterial biodegradation of a diverse array of aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic acids, chlorinated aromatic, and heterocyclic aromatic compounds. To date, more than 100 aromatic compound dioxygenases have been described in the literature based on biological activity or nucleotide sequence identity. These enzymes are cofactor-requiring multicomponent heteromultimeric proteins (EC 1.14.12) that catalyze the initial activation through reductive dihydroxylation of their substrates, and are distinct from aromatic ring-cleavage (or ring-fission) dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11), which act on the catechol intermediates in many of the same catabolic pathways. This chapter will focus primarily on the aromatic ringhydroxylating dioxygenases (Rieske non-heme iron dioxygenases; EC 1.14.12), which initiate an attack on aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocycles and related compounds carrying various substituents (Cl, NO2). The aspects described will relate to dioxygenase discovery, classification, enzymology, structure, electron transport, mechanism and applications.

Method for preparing copolyestercarbonates

Abstract: A method of preparing block copolyestercarbonates wherein at least one dihydroxy­substituted aromatic hydrocarbon moiety and at least one aromatic diacid chloride are reacted under interfacial conditions to give a hydroxy-terminated polyester intermediate. The dihydroxy-substituted aromatic compound is used in about 10 mole to about 125 mole percent excess relative to the diacid chloride. Enhanced control of hydroxy-terminated polyester intermediate molecular weight is achieved by limiting the amount of water present to provide a final salt level of greater than 30 percent. The final salt level is a theoretical value but is readily calculable. The hydroxy­terminated polyester intermediate is then converted to a block copolyestercarbonate by reaction with a carbonate precursor such as phosgene.

Heat-shrinkable foam films

Abstract: The invention provides a foam film excellent in heat insulating properties, a multilayer foam film, heat -shrinkable foam films comprising them, a heat-shrinkable multilayer foam film, a heat-shrinkable label, and containers covered with the label. A styrenic foam film characterized by having at least one foam layer which contains a resin composition consisting of 20 to 100 parts by mass of the following component (a) and 0 to 80 parts by mass of the component (b) and has a film thickness of 30 to 200μm and a specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.9: (a) a block copolymer of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene at a ratio of 50/50 to 90/10, and (b) at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer selected from among the following components (i) to (v): (i) a block copolymer of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene, (ii) a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer, (iii) a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and (meth)acrylic acid, (iv) a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a (meth)acrylic ester, and (v) a rubber-modified styrenic polymer.

Electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same for restricting high-temperature swelling. SOLUTION: The electrolytic solution composed of an organic solvent containing an ester-based solvent with cyclic ester and containing a nitrile-based solvent expressed by a chemical formula 1 and of lithium salt. In the formula 1, R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon of C 1 to C 10 , or an aromatic hydrocarbon or a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon of C 6 to C 10 . COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Phase transfer catalyzed method for preparation of polyetherimides

Abstract: Polyether polymers, such as polyetherimides, are prepared by the reaction of a dihydroxy-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon alkali metal salt, such as bisphenol A disodium salt, with a bis(N-(chlorophthalimido))aromatic compound, such as 1,3- and/or l,4-bis(N-(4-chlorophthalimido))benzene, in a solvent such as o-dichlorobenzene and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst such as a hexaalkylguanidinium chloride. Several embodiments may be employed to improve the method. They comprise employing substantially dry reagents, employing a high solids level in solvent, beginning with an excess of bis(N-(chlorophthalimido))- aromatic compound and incrementally adding alkali metal salt, employing alkali metal salt of small particle size, and using reagents of high purity.

Uptake of aromatic hydrocarbon vapors (benzene and phenanthrene) at the air-water interface of micron-size water droplets.

Abstract: Uptake of aromatic hydrocarbon vapors (benzene and phenanthrene) by typical micrometer-sized fog-water droplets was studied using a falling droplet reactor at temperatures between 296 and 316 K Uptake of phenan-threne vapor greater than that predicted by bulk (air-water)-phase equilibrium was observed for diameters less than 200 μm, and this was attributed to surface adsorption The experimental values of the droplet-vapor partition constant were used to obtain the overall mass transfer coefficient and the mass accommodation coefficient for both benzene and phenanthrene Mass transfer of phenanthrene was dependent only on gas-phase diffusion and mass accommodation at the interface However, for benzene, the mass transfer was limited by liquid-phase diffusion and mass accommodation A large value of the mass accommodation coefficient, α = (14 ± 04) × 10−2 was observed for the highly surface-active (hydrophobic) phenanthrene, whereas a small α = (97 ± 18) × 10−5 was observed for the less hydro

Adsorption of Some Aromatic Compounds by a Synthetic Mesoporous Silicate

Abstract: Water pollution by toxic organic compounds is of concern and demands for effective adsorbents for removal of the toxic compounds are increasing. Here we synthesized a mesoporous material, FSM-16, and investigated its ability to take up model compounds (benzene, toluene, phenol, and benzoic acid) from aqueous solutions by batch experiments. The adsorption isotherms were linear and adsorption capacities were small. Benzene and toluene have very similar adsorption isotherms, suggesting the side chain of toluene, i.e., alkyl chain, did not have significant effect on its adsorption. The amount of adsorption and isotherm slope were in the order of toluene ≈ benzene > benzoic acid > phenol. The occupation ratios of those organic compounds on the surfaces of FSM-16 were estimated less than 1%. Solubility of the compounds seems the major factor determining their adsorption by FSM-16. Phenol has the highest solubility and thus was least adsorbed by FSM-16. In contrast, toluene and benzene have very low sol...

Organic light-emitting material and method for producing an organic material

Abstract: An organic light-emitting material characterized in that it is used in a light emitting layer in a green light emitting element and represented by the following general formula (1): wherein: n1 is an integer of 0 to 3; R1 is an alkyl group having 10 carbon atoms or less; Ar1 is a monovalent group which is derived from monocyclic or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon having 20 carbon atoms or less, and which optionally has a substituent having 10 carbon atoms or less; and Ar2 is a divalent group which is derived from a ring assembly having 30 carbon atoms or less and being comprised of monocyclic or fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 3 rings, and which optionally has a substituent having 4 carbon atoms or less. There can be provided an organic light-emitting material which has satisfactorily excellent light emission efficiency and high color purity as well as higher reliability and which is advantageously used to constitute a green light emitting layer, and a method for producing the same.

Selective zeolite catalyst modification

Abstract: A method of modifying a zeolite catalyst to increase selectivity of the catalyst is achieved by dissolving alumina in a phosphorus-containing acid solution, and treating the zeolite catalyst with the dissolved alumina solution. A method of preparing an aromatic product, such as a xylene product, is also achieved by contacting the modified zeolite catalyst with an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, and an alkylating agent, such as methanol, under reaction conditions suitable for aromatic alkylation. For xylene products the aromatic hydrocarbon may be toluene and the reaction conditions may be suitable for at least one of toluene methylation and transalkylation.

Aromatic alkylation catalyst and method

Abstract: A catalyst for use in aromatic alkylation, such as toluene alkylation with methanol, is comprised of a zeolite with pore size from about 5.0 to about 7.0 Å containing a hydrogenating metal. The catalyst may be used in preparing an alkyl aromatic product by providing the catalyst within a reactor. The catalyst may be contacted with an aromatic hydrocarbon and an alkylating agent in the presence of hydrogen under reaction conditions suitable for aromatic alkylation. The catalyst may also be treated to further increase its stability. This is accomplished by heating the hydrogenating metal loaded zeolite catalyst in the presence of a reducing agent prior to use in an aromatic alkylation reaction to a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 500 ° C. for about 0.5 to about 10 hours.

Organosilane compound containing polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton and method for producing the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an organic compound that is firmly bonded to a substrate and has excellent electroconductivity and general-purpose properties. SOLUTION: The organosilane compound contains a silyl group represented by general formula -SiX 1 X 2 X 3 (at least one of X 1 -X 3 is a group to provide a hydroxy group by hydrolysis or a halogen atom and the other groups are each a group not to be reacted with an adjacent molecule) and a hydrophobic group in a polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Catalytic hydrocarbon reforming treatment method

Abstract: The present invention discloses a catalytic hydrocarbon recombination treatment method, which includes: making the catalytic hydrocarbon pass through catalytic main fractionator to implement fractionation to obtain gasoline fraction and diesel oil fraction, adding an intermediate fraction, making said described intermediate fraction undergo the process of aromatic hydrocarbon extraction treatmentto obtain aromatic hydrocarbon component and non-aromatic hydrocarbon component; fractionating aromatic hydrocarbon component and mixing the obtained high octane value gasoline component with the gasoline fraction to raise the octane value of gasoline; fractionating non-aromatic hydrocarbon component and mixing the obtained diesel oil component and diesel oil fraction to raise diesel oil yield and its cetane value.

Cleaning/rinsing method

Abstract: A method for cleaning/rinsing articles is disclosed which is excellent in cleaning properties and rinsing properties. The cleaning/rinsing method comprising a cleaning step wherein an article to which a contaminant adheres is brought into contact with a hydrocarbon solvent containing an aromatic hydrocarbon or a glycol ether and a rinsing step wherein the article is brought into contact with a fluorine-containing ether is characterized in that the fluorine-containing ether is a compound represented by the following formula (1). R1-O-R2 (1) In the above formula, R1 and R2 independently represent a fluorine-containing alkyl group, R1 and R2 contains one or more fluorine atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms contained in R1 and R2 is 4-8.

Pyrrolopyrimidine thion derivatives

Abstract: A compound having GSK-3 inhibiting function. A 1 and A 3 are a single bond, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; A 2 and A 4 are a single bond, CO, COO, CONR, O, OCO, NR, NRCO, NRCOO, etc.; G 1 is a single bond, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic; G 2 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an alicyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic; A 5 is a single bond, NR; R 2 is H, halogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, alicyclic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic; A 6 is a single bond, NR, CO, NRCO, NRCONR, CONR, COO, O, etc.; R 3 is H, halogen, nitro, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, alicyclic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic; and when A 6 is CR═CR or C≡C; R 3 may be a trimethylsilyl, formyl, acyl, carboxyl, alkoxylcarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl or cyano group; and R is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

Title of invention: a method of preparation of the hemi-calcium salt of (e)-7-[4-(4­fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2- [methyl(methylsulfonvl)aminolpyrimidin-5-yl](3r,5s)-3 ,5-, dihvdroxy-6-heptenoic acid

Abstract: A method of preparation of the hemi-calcium salt of rosuvastatin of formula (I) consists in extracting an aqueous solution of the sodium or potassium salt of (E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6­isopropyl-2- [methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl](3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid, with optional admixture of sodium or potassium hydroxide or other sodium or potassium salts having inorganic anions, with an organic solvent, incompletely miscible with water, selected from the series of R COOR , R COR and R OH, wherein R and R independently represent hydrogen or a residue of a C1-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbon, C6 aromatic hydrocarbon, C5 or C6 cyclic hydrocarbon, or a combination of an aliphatic and aromatic or cyclic hydrocarbon, the extract being subsequently shaken with an aqueous solution of an inorganic or C1-C5 organic calcium salt, and the product of formula I is further isolated by cooling and/or adding an anti-solvent and filtration, and optionally, is converted into its amorphous form.

Hydrogenated copolymer and its composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrogenated copolymer suitable for a heat-shrinkable film with less fish eyes (FE) due to gelation, superior in solvent resistance, natural shrinkability, low temperature shrinkability and stiffness, and excellent in a balance of physical properties among blocking resistance, resistance to hot water fusion, low temperature elongation and impact resistance. SOLUTION: This hydrogenated copolymer comprises at least one of a polymer block (A) composed of a specific weight of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by hydrogenating a non-hydrogenated copolymer consisting of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene, and a copolymer block (B) consisting of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon of a specific vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon content and the conjugated diene, wherein at least one peak of a function tanδ of dynamic viscoelasticity measurement exists in a range of >80°C and ≤110°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Sheet for carrier tape

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheet for a carrier tape, having at least one layer comprising (I) a block copolymer comprising a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene, (II) a non-rubber-modified vinyl aromatic type hydrocarbon polymer, and (III) a rubber-modified vinyl aromatic type hydrocarbon polymer, wherein the peak molecular weight of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer block in the block copolymer (I) is from 30,000 to 80,000, the half-width in the molecular weight distribution curve of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon block is from 1.3 to 2.8, the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon content in the sheet for a carrier tape is from 75 to 95 wt %, and the content of the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon polymer component is from 65 to 85 wt %. The sheet for a carrier tape of the present invention is transparent and excellent in the balance of physical properties such as rigidity, impact resistance and heat shrinkability, and therefore, can be suitably used for a carrier tape for packaging an electronic component (e.g., IC, LSI) in an electronic device.

Aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon interconversion over Zn and Ga modified zeolites: Effect of zeolite crystallinity and method used for modification on performance

Abstract: Zeolites modified by the incorporation of either zinc or gallium display catalytic performances in the conversion of light alkanes to aromatics which are dependent on the crystallinity of the zeolite and the method used for the zinc or gallum incorporation. This work describes for the first time a comparative study of preparation variables and draws conclusions that are likely to be of general applicability to the design and use of such zeolite-based systems in aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon interconversion processes.