Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 2012"

Gas-phase hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol over Fe/SiO2 catalyst

Abstract: Lignin could be an important green source for aromatic hydrocarbon production (benzene, toluene and xylenes, BTX). Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol was studied over Fe/SiO2 as a model reaction of lignin pyrolysis vapours hydrotreatment. The catalytic conditions were chosen to match with the temperature of never-condensed lignin pyrolysis vapours. The catalyst was characterised by XRD, Mossbauer spectroscopy, N2 sorption and temperature programmed oxidation. A comparison is made with a commercial cobalt-based catalyst. Cobalt-based catalyst shows a too high production of methane. Fe/SiO2 exhibits a good selectivity for BT production. It does not catalyse the aromatic ring hydrogenation. Temperature (623–723 K) and space time (0.1–1.5 gcat h/gGUA) influence the aromatic carbon–oxygen bond hydrogenolysis reaction whereas H2 partial pressure (0.2–0.9 bar) has a minor influence. 38% of BT yield was achieved under the best investigated conditions. Reaction mechanisms for guaiacol conversion over Fe/SiO2 are discussed.

Kinetically Controlled Assembly of a Spirocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon into Polyhedral Micro/Nanocrystals

Abstract: Nonplane molecules with multiple large aromatic planes could be promising candidates to form various polyhedral micro/nanocrystals by manipulating the different π···π stacking, tuning the cohesive energies of crystal facets, and controlling the kinetic growth process. Spirocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SAHs) not only have two cross-shaped aromatic planes but also offer the feature of supramolecular steric hindrance, making it favorable for the heterogeneous kinetic growth into highly symmetric polyhedra. Herein, we report that a novel SAH compound, spiro[fluorene-9,7′-dibenzo[c,h]acridine]-5′-one (SFDBAO), can self-assemble into various monodispersed shapes such as hexahedra, octahedra, and decahedra through the variation of either different types of surfactants, such as Pluronic 123 (P123) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), or growth parameters. In addition, the possible mechanism of crystal facet growth has been proposed according to the SEM, XRD, TEM, and SAED characterization of organic polyh...

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil microcosms amended with mushroom cultivation substrate

Abstract: The potential of mushroom cultivation substrate (MCS) in bioremediation was examined in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. After a 60-day incubation, 32.9% dissipation of the 15 studied PAHs was observed in MCS-amended microcosms, with anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene being the most degradable PAHs. MCS significantly increased the abundance and changed the community compositions of bacteria, fungi and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders. Two species belonging to the Sordariomycetes of the Ascomycota were enriched in all MCS-treated soil samples, and coupled with the unique changes in the PAH profile, this implies the involvement of laccase-like enzymes. Limited improvement was observed after adding Pleurotus ostreatus, possibly because of its poor colonization of the soil. In addition, alfalfa appeared to antagonize the bioremediation effects of MCS. The results of this study suggest that MCS can be a cost-effective and green biostimulation agent, thereby providing support for the development of MCS-based biostimulation of PAH-contaminated soil.

Method for producing aromatic hydrocarbon and ethylene through taking naphtha as raw material

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aromatic hydrocarbon and ethylene taking naphtha as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) contacting naphtha with a reforming catalyst in a catalytic reforming region to carry out a shallow catalytic reforming reaction in the presence of hydrogen at the pressure of 0.15-3.0 MPa, the temperature of 300-540 DEG C and the volume space velocity of 2.1-50 h , enabling the conversion rate of naphthenic hydrocarbon in the naphtha to be higher than 85wt%, and enabling the conversion rates from alkane to aromatic hydrocarbon and C4-hydrocarbon to be lower than 30wt%; (2) carrying out aromatic hydrocarbon separation on reformate produced by catalytic reforming in a first aromatic hydrocarbon separation region, so as to obtain aromatic hydrocarbon-rich cut fraction and alkane-rich cut fraction; (3) introducing the aromatic hydrocarbon-rich cut fraction and liquefied gas produced by the catalytic reforming into a steam cracking region, and carrying out a cracking reaction to produce ethylene. According to the method for producing the aromatic hydrocarbon and the ethylene taking naphtha as the raw material, the ethylene can be maximally produced when the naphtha is adequately utilized in a shallow catalytic reforming reaction manner.

Magnetic instability and pair binding in aromatic hydrocarbon superconductors

Abstract: Understanding magnetism and electron correlation in many unconventional superconductors is essential to explore mechanism of superconductivity. In this work, we perform a systematic numerical study of the magnetic and pair binding properties in recently discovered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) superconductors including alkali-metal-doped picene, coronene, phenanthrene, and dibenzopentacene. The π-electrons on the carbon atoms of a single molecule are modelled by the one-orbital Hubbard model, and the energy difference between carbon atoms with and without hydrogen bonds is taking into account. We demonstrate that the spin polarized ground state is realized for charged molecules in the physical parameter regions, which provides a reasonable explanation of local spins observed in PAHs. In alkali-metal-doped dibenzopentacene, our results show that electron correlation may produce an effective attraction between electrons for the charged molecule with one or three added electrons.

Producing method of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant

Abstract: A producing method of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the oil feedstock having a 10 volume % distillation temperature of more than or equal to 140° C. and a 90 volume % distillation temperature of less than or equal to 380° C. by bringing into contact with an aromatic production catalyst includes the steps of: introducing the oil feedstock into a cracking and reforming reaction apparatus housing the aromatic production catalyst; bringing the oil feedstock and the aromatic production catalyst into contact with each other at the inside of the cracking and reforming reaction apparatus; heating the oil feedstock in advance before introducing the oil feedstock into the cracking and reforming reaction apparatus and forming a two-phase gas-liquid stream; separating the two-phase gas-liquid stream into a gas fraction and a liquid fraction; and introducing the gas fraction and the liquid fraction at different positions of the cracking and reforming reaction apparatus.

Structure and function of CYP108D1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444: an aromatic hydrocarbon-binding P450 enzyme.

Abstract: CYP108D1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444 binds a range of aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene, biphenyl and phenylcyclohexane. Its structure, which is reported here at 2.2 A resolution, is closely related to that of CYP108A1 (P450terp), an α-terpineol-oxidizing enzyme. The compositions and structures of the active sites of these two enzymes are very similar; the most significant changes are the replacement of Glu77 and Thr103 in CYP108A1 by Thr79 and Val105 in CYP108D1. Other residue differences lead to a larger and more hydrophobic access channel in CYP108D1. These structural features are likely to account for the weaker α-terpineol binding by CYP108D1 and, when combined with the presence of three hydrophobic phenylalanine residues in the active site, promote the binding of aromatic hydrocarbons. The haem-proximal surface of CYP108D1 shows a different charge distribution and topology to those of CYP101D1, CYP101A1 and CYP108A1, including a pronounced kink in the proximal loop of CYP108D1, which may result in poor complementarity with the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins Arx, putidaredoxin and terpredoxin that are the respective redox partners of these three P450 enzymes. The unexpectedly low reduction potential of phenylcyclohexane-bound CYP108D1 (-401 mV) may also contribute to the low activity observed with these ferredoxins. CYP108D1 appears to function as an aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylase that requires a different electron-transfer cofactor protein.

Cyclic azine compound having nitrogen-containing fused aromatic group, method for producing same, and organic electroluminescent element using same as constituent component

Abstract: Provided is a cyclic azine compound represented by general formula (1) (In the formula, Y denotes C-H or a nitrogen atom. Ar1 denotes an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. Ar2 denotes a hydrogen atom; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a phenyl group or pyridyl group; or a nitrogen-containing fused aromatic group having 9 to 15 carbon atoms. Ar3 denotes a nitrogen-containing fused aromatic group having 9 to 15 carbon atoms. X denotes a phenylene group, and n is an integer between 0 and 3.). This compound is useful as a constituent component of an organic electroluminescent element.

An experimental study of the effect of ionic liquids on the low temperature oxidation of coal

Abstract: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and constant heating rate experiments were performed to study the low temperature oxidation of coal treated by an ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The inerting effect of the ionic liquid toward the low temperature oxidation process is discussed. The results show that: (1) The hydroxyl content associated with hydrogen bonds, the aliphatic methyl content, the methylene group content, and the ether oxygen bond content are reduced in the treated coal. At the same time the content of aromatic C C bonds is constant but these chemical bonds weaken and some substituted aromatic hydrocarbon content increases while other types decrease. This demonstrates that (AMIm)Cl dissolves and destroys the coal surface microstructure; (2) The oxygen consumption of the treated coal is less than what is seen in raw coal. The CO, CO 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 content from the treated coal is reduced compared to the untreated coal; (3) The apparent activation energy for the oxidizing reaction is different in the treated and raw coals. Micro-structural changes and macroscopic gas production allow us to conclude that (AMIm)Cl can effectively inhibit low temperature oxidation of coal.

Processes for transalkylating aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: The present invention is a process for transalkylating aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the process comprising introducing an aromatic hydrocarbon feed stream into a transalkylation zone to yield high-purity benzene as a byproduct while meeting transalkylation objectives. The feed stream contacts a catalyst in the transalkylation zone under conditions adjusted to control benzene purity as well as transalkylation performance.

Effect of nitrogen deficiency in the biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in patagonian contaminated soil

Abstract: The use of biological method to remediate soil with hydrocarbons as contaminants is possible and nitrogen is important for the process. Incorrect quantities of nitrogen in the soil result in a less efficient remediation process. The main object of this work was the study of the nitrogen effect in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation during 110 days. Five microcosms were designed, the treatments used were natural attenuation, aromatic hydrocarbon mineralization (both microcosms fertilized and unfertilized with nitrogen) and soil systems with diesel oil (both microcosm fertilized and unfertilized with nitrogen). At the beginning and end of the experiment, the hydrocarbons were determined by Soxhlet; nitrate, nitrite and ammonium were analyzed and CO2 was measured every week. The microbial count was carried out in media with and without nitrogen. The main results show that the presence of nitrogen in the soil favors the aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation and that the nitrogen deficiency favors the aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. In soil with nitrogen deficiency, the aromatic compound produced less nitrogen fixation and nitrification. The nitrogen deficiency produced a decrease in the mineralization, hydrocarbon elimination and biomass. However, remediation is possible because the nitrogen could be fixed due to the presence of nitrogen fixing microorganisms, which can fix the necessary nitrogen for the hydrocarbon remediation.

Intermediate for manufacture of polymerizable compound and process for manufacture thereof

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a compound represented by a formula (I) and a method for producing thereof (in the formula, Ax is an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms that includes at least one aromatic ring selected from a group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic hetero ring, Ay is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms that includes at least one aromatic ring selected from a group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic hetero ring, or the like. Ax and Ay optionally bond to each other to form a ring, and Q is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or the like.). According to the invention, provided are a novel compound that makes it possible to produce an optical film that achieves uniform conversion of polarized light over a wide wavelength band can be inexpensively produced in high yield by utilizing the compound according to one aspect of the invention as an intermediate for producing the polymerizable compound, and a method for producing thereof.

Hydrogenation method for producing high-octane gasoline components by diesel oil raw material

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrogenation method for producing high-octane gasoline components by a diesel oil raw material. According to the hydrogenation method, two reaction areas which are respectively filled with a hydrogen refining catalyst and a hydrogen cracking catalyst are provided; a high-pressure separation system is arranged between two reaction areas and is used for controlling an aromatic hydrocarbon saturated depth of the first reaction area; by taking liquid-phase material flow of the first reaction area as the standard, the total aromatic hydrocarbon content is more than 55% by mass, the content of monocyclic ring aromatic hydrocarbon is increased to be more than 40% by mass, and the content of nitrogen of the liquid-phase material flow in the first reaction area is less than 100 micrograms/gram. Through utilizing the method provided by the invention, the diesel oil fractions with poor quality and high aromatic hydrocarbon content can be treated, low-sulfur and high-octane gasoline components can be produced, and clean diesel oil blended components with low sulfur also can be produced.

Positive resist composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a positive resist composition or the like capable of producing a resist pattern with good line edge roughness.SOLUTION: A positive resist composition contains: a resin having an acid-labile group and which is insoluble or poorly soluble in an alkali aqueous solution but becomes soluble in an alkali aqueous solution by the action of an acid; an acid generator; and a compound represented by the formula (I), where Rrepresents a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by the hydroxy group or the alkyl group; Xrepresents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and -CH- in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by -O- or -CO-; Rrepresents a saturated hydrocarbon group; u1 represents an integer of 0 to 2, s1 represents 1 or 2, t1 represents 0 or 1 with the proviso that the sum of s1 and t1 is 1 or 2.

Liquid-liquid interfacial tension of equilibrated mixtures of ionic liquids and hydrocarbons

Abstract: Ionic liquids are possible alternative solvents for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by liquid-liquid extraction. Interfacial tension is an important property to consider in the design of liquid-liquid extraction processes. In this work, the liquid-liquid interfacial tension and the mutual solubility at 25 °C have been measured for a series of biphasic, equilibrated mixtures of an ionic liquid and a hydrocarbon. In particular, the ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluorome-thanesulfonyl)imide (with the alkyl substituent being ethyl, hexyl or decyl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate have been selected, as well as the hydrocarbons benzene, hexane, ethylbenzene, and octane. The selected sets of ionic liquids and hydrocarbons allow the analysis of the influence of a series of effects on the interfacial tension. For example, the interfacial tension decreases with an increase in the length of the alkyl substituent chain of the cation or with an increase of the degree of charge delocalisation in the anion of the ionic liquid. Also, the interfacial tension with the aromatic hydrocarbons is markedly lower than that with the aliphatic hydrocarbons. A smaller effect is caused by variation of the size of the hydrocarbon. Some of the observed trends can be explained from the mutual solubility of the hydrocarbon and the ionic liquid.

Sulfonamide compounds having TRPM8 antagonistic activity

Abstract: Sulfonamide compounds having TRPM8 antagonistic activity are provided. A sulfonamide compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof: (I) wherein Ring A is bicyclic aromatic heterocycle comprised of (a) pyridine is condensed with benzene; or (b) pyridine is condensed with monocyclic aromatic heterocycle, and Ring A binds to a sulfonylamino moiety on a carbon atom adjacent to a nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring constituting Ring A, Ring B is (a) monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; (b) monocyclic or bicyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon; (c) monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocycle; or (d) monocyclic or bicyclic non-aromatic heterocycle, Ring C is (a) benzene; or (b) monocyclic aromatic heterocycle, and other symbols are the same as defined in the specification.

Transalkylation of methylated aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched fractions in c8 aromatic hydrocarbon production

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for producing C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons. Representative methods comprise (a) fractionating an aromatic hydrocarbon containing feed stream (e.g., a feed stream comprising C 9 and/or C 10 aromatic hydrocarbons), to provide at least one methylated aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched fraction; and (b) reacting at least a portion of the at least one methylated aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched fraction in a transalkylation reaction zone to provide a transalkylation effluent comprising the C 8 aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of a methylated aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched fraction in the inlet stream to the transalkylation reaction zone provides a number of advantages as described herein.

Method for producing alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon. The problems of many side reactions, high yield of benzene, low utilization rate of methanol and relatively low objective product in a traditional method for producing the aromatic hydrocarbon through alkylation are solved. The method comprises the following steps that: an alkylating reagent is fed in multiple sections, an aromatic hydrocarbon material and the alkylating reagent serve as raw materials, and under the condition that the molar ratio between the aromatic hydrocarbon material and the alkylating reagent is 1:10-10:1, the weight space velocity is 1 to 10 hr<-1,the reaction temperature is 300 to 500 DEG C, the reaction pressure is 0.1 to 5.0MPa and the molar ratio between carrier gas and the raw materials is 0 to 8, the raw materials are subjected to alkylation reaction on a balanced catalyst, and the alkylating reagent is at least divided into two material flows. The problems are better solved through the technical scheme and the method can be applied to the industrial production of mixed dimethylbenzene through methylbenzene and methanol alkylation.

Prompt HO2 formation following the reaction of OH with aromatic compounds under atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: The secondary formation of HO2 radicals following OH + aromatic hydrocarbon reactions in synthetic air under normal pressure and temperature was investigated in the absence of NO after pulsed production of OH radicals. OH and HOx (=OH + HO2) decay curves were recorded using laser-induced fluorescence after gas-expansion. The prompt HO2 yields (HO2 formed without preceding NO reactions) were determined by comparison to results obtained with CO as a reference compound. This approach was recently introduced and applied to the OH + benzene reaction and was extended here for a number of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The measured HO2 formation yields are as follows: toluene, 0.42 ± 0.11; ethylbenzene, 0.53 ± 0.10; o-xylene, 0.41 ± 0.08; m-xylene, 0.27 ± 0.06; p-xylene, 0.40 ± 0.09; 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 0.31 ± 0.06; 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 0.37 ± 0.09; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 0.29 ± 0.08; hexamethylbenzene, 0.32 ± 0.08; phenol, 0.89 ± 0.29; o-cresol, 0.87 ± 0.29; 2,5-dimethylphenol, 0.72 ± 0.12; 2,4,6-tri...

Process for increasing yield of light olefin hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon feedstock

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for increasing the production of light olefin hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock. A process for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and LPG from a hydrocarbon mixture, and a process for producing a hydrocarbon feedstock which is capable of being used as a feedstock in the former process, that is to say, a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process, a catalytic reforming process, and/or a pyrolysis process, are integrated, thereby it is possible to increase the production of C2-C4 light olefin hydrocarbons.

Compound, haze-lowering agent, liquid crystal composition, polymer material, and film

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (I) exhibits adequate solubility, can be used in a broad range of concentrations, and exhibits excellent haze-lowering performance [In the formula, L1 to L6 are single bonds, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or the like; Sp1 to Sp4 are single bonds or C1-10 alkylene groups; A1 and A2 are trivalent or tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups or heterocyclic groups; T is a below-mentioned group or the like; Hb is a C2-30 perfluoroalkyl group; m and n are 2 or 3; and o and p represent integers of 0 or higher.].

Spectroscopic structure-property relationships of a series of polyaromatic platinum acetylides.

Abstract: To develop a structure–spectroscopic property relationship in platinum acetylides having poly(aromatic hydrocarbon) ligands, we synthesized a series of chromophores with systematic variation in the...

Material for organic electroluminescence device, and its use

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material for an organic electroluminescence device, capable of being formed into a film by coating, and containing a useful arylamine polymer in the case of being used as a positive hole transport material and a positive hole injection material for the organic electroluminescence device.SOLUTION: A polymerizable compound is represented by formula [1] wherein Rand Rare a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a silyl group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; Rand Rare an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; and Jand Jare a polymerizable substituent.

Method for producing single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: A method of producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes bringing a feedstock oil having a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 140°C or higher and a 90 vol% distillation temperature of 380°C or lower, into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, in which a content ratio of monocyclic naphthenobenzenes in the feedstock oil is adjusted to 10 mass% to 90 mass%, by mixing a hydrocarbon oil A having a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 140°C or higher and a 90 vol% distillation temperature of 380°C or lower with a hydrocarbon oil B containing more monocyclic naphthenobenzenes than the hydrocarbon oil A. According to the present invention, a method of producing a BTX fraction from a fraction containing a light cycle oil (LCO) produced by a FCC apparatus, which enables a more efficient production of the BTX fraction than conventional methods without the coexistence of high-pressure molecular hydrogen, can be provided.