Aromatic hydrocarbon

About: Aromatic hydrocarbon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5814 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55499 citations. The topic is also known as: arene & arenes.

Method for nitration of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds

Abstract: A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR NITRATION OF AN AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SUCH AS BENZENE OR TOLUENE IN WHICH THE HYDROCARBON IS VAPORIZED AND BUBBLED THROUGH AQUEOUS NITRIC ACID IN A REACTION VESSEL AT A TEMPERATURE WHICH MAY VARY FROM 50 TO 100*C. A MIXTURE OF NITRIC ACID AND NITRATED HYDROCARBON WHICH IS FORMED IS CONTINUOUSLY WITHDRAWN FROM THE REACTION VESSEL AND FED TO A SEPARATOR WHERE THE NITRATED HYDROCARBON IS SEPARATED AND WITHDRAWN AND THE NITRIC ACID IS RETURNED TO THE REACTION VESSEL. D R A W I N G

Novel process to reduce benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole in gasoline based on [4bmpy][TCM] Ionic Liquid

Abstract: Regulations on benzene-, nitro-, and sulfur-containing aromatic hydrocarbon content in commercial gasolines are becoming more restrictive due to environmental and health issues. The benzene content in reformulated commercial gasoline is currently around 1%. The reduction of benzene levels to comply with future regulations will imply significant changes in refinery configurations. This paper reports a novel extraction process to simultaneously separate benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole from a gasoline using the 1-butyl-4-metylpyridinium tricyanomethanide ([4bmpy][TCM]) ionic liquid (IL). A distillation sequence is also proposed for the isolation of the three aromatic hydrocarbons. The conceptual design of the whole process has been based on experimental data from the liquid–liquid extraction and vapor–liquid separation of benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole from isooctane using the IL [4bmpy][TCM]. A COSMO-based/Aspen Plus methodology has been used to simulate the conceptual design. The a priori COSMO-based/Aspe...

Toxicity of jet fuel aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures on human epidermal Keratinocytes: evaluation based on in vitro cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 release

Abstract: Jet fuels are complex mixtures of aliphatic (ALI) and aromatic (ARO) hydrocarbons that vary significantly in individual cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). In order to delineate the toxicological interactions among individual hydrocarbons in a mixture and their contributions to cutaneous toxicity, nine ALI and five ARO hydrocarbons were each divided into five (high/medium/low cytotoxic and strong/weak IL-8 induction) groups and intra/inter-mixed to assess for their mixture effects on HEK mortality and IL-8 release. Addition of single hydrocarbon to JP-8 fuel was also evaluated for their changes in fuel dermatotoxicity. The results indicated that when hydrocarbons were mixed, HEK mortality and IL-8 release were not all predictable by their individual ability affecting these two parameters. The lowest HEK mortality (7%) and the highest IL-8 production were induced with mixtures including high cytotoxic and weak IL-8 inductive ARO hydrocarbons. Antagonistic reactions not consistently correlated with ALI carbon chain length and ARO structure were evident and carried different weight in the overall mixture toxicities. Single addition of benzene, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene for up to tenfold in JP-8 did not increase HEK mortality while single addition of ALI hydrocarbons exhibited dose-related differential response in IL-8. In an all ALI environment, no single hydrocarbon is the dominating factor in the determination of HEK cytotoxicity while deletion of hexadecane resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in IL-8 production. Overall, decane, undecane and dodecane were the major hydrocarbons associated with high cytotoxicity while tetradecane, pentadecane and hexadecane were those which had the greatest buffering effect attenuating dermatotoxicity. The mixture effects must be considered when evaluating jet fuel toxicity to HEK.