Topic
Arsenic
About: Arsenic is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24209 publications have been published within this topic receiving 633999 citations. The topic is also known as: As & element 33.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the adsorption isotherms in solutions with ionic strengths of 0.01 at 25°C and measured over the arsenite and arsenate concentration range 10−7−10−3 M and the pH range 4−10.
1,154 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that anaerobic metal-reducing bacteria can play a key role in the mobilization of arsenic in sediments collected from a contaminated aquifer in West Bengal and that, for the sediments in this study, arsenic release took place after Fe(iii) reduction, rather than occurring simultaneously.
Abstract: The contamination of ground waters, abstracted for drinking and irrigation, by sediment-derived arsenic threatens the health of tens of millions of people worldwide, most notably in Bangladesh and West Bengal1,2,3. Despite the calamitous effects on human health arising from the extensive use of arsenic-enriched ground waters in these regions, the mechanisms of arsenic release from sediments remain poorly characterized and are topics of intense international debate4,5,6,7,8. We use a microscosm-based approach to investigate these mechanisms: techniques of microbiology and molecular ecology are used in combination with aqueous and solid phase speciation analysis of arsenic. Here we show that anaerobic metal-reducing bacteria can play a key role in the mobilization of arsenic in sediments collected from a contaminated aquifer in West Bengal. We also show that, for the sediments in this study, arsenic release took place after Fe(iii) reduction, rather than occurring simultaneously. Identification of the critical factors controlling the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic is one important contribution to fully informing the development of effective strategies to manage these and other similar arsenic-rich ground waters worldwide.
1,153 citations
TL;DR: This review synthesizes current knowledge on arsenic uptake, metabolism and toxicity for arsenic resistant and nonresistant plants, including the recently discovered phenomenon of arsenic hyperaccumulation in certain fern species.
Abstract: Summary
Elevation of arsenic levels in soils causes considerable concern with respect to plant uptake and subsequent entry into wildlife and human food chains. Arsenic speciation in the environment is complex, existing in both inorganic and organic forms, with interconversion between species regulated by biotic and abiotic processes. To understand and manage the risks posed by soil arsenic it is essential to know how arsenic is taken up by the roots and metabolized within plants. Some plant species exhibit phenotypic variation in response to arsenic species, which helps us to understand the toxicity of arsenic and the way in which plants have evolved arsenic resistances. This knowledge, for example, could be used produce plant cultivars that are more arsenic resistant or that have reduced arsenic uptake. This review synthesizes current knowledge on arsenic uptake, metabolism and toxicity for arsenic resistant and nonresistant plants, including the recently discovered phenomenon of arsenic hyperaccumulation in certain fern species. The reasons why plants accumulate and metabolize arsenic are considered in an evolutionary context.
1,146 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Shirley et al. as discussed by the authors presented a list of newly discovered and other trace elements, including aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury, which they termed as "natural sources of Minerals".
Abstract: Introduction. Calcium and Phosphorus. Sodium and Chlorine (Common Salt). Potassium. Magnesium. R.L. Shirley, Sulfur. Iron. Copper and Molybdenum. Cobalt. Iodine. Manganese. Zinc. Selenium. Fluorine. Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury. Newly Discovered and Other Trace Elements. Natural Sources of Minerals. Maximum Tolerance Levels. Mineral Supplementation. Bibliography. Appendixes. Index.
1,134 citations
TL;DR: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was synthesized and tested for the removal of As(III), which is a highly toxic, mobile, and predominant arsenic species in anoxic groundwater and suggests that NZVI is a suitable candidate for both in-situ and ex-Situ groundwater treatment due to its high reactivity.
Abstract: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was synthesized and tested for the removal of As(III), which is a highly toxic, mobile, and predominant arsenic species in anoxic groundwater. We used SEM-EDX, AFM, and XRD to characterize particle size, surface morphology, and corrosion layers formed on pristine NZVI and As(III)-treated NZVI. AFM results showed that particle size ranged from 1 to 120 nm. XRD and SEM results revealed that NZVI gradually converted to magnetite/maghemite corrosion products mixed with lepidocrocite over 60 d. Arsenic(III) adsorption kinetics were rapid and occurred on a scale of minutes following a pseudo-first-order rate expression with observed reaction rate constants (kobs) of 0.07−1.3 min-1 (at varied NZVI concentration). These values are about 1000× higher than kobs literature values for As(III) adsorption on micron size ZVI. Batch experiments were performed to determine the feasibility of NZVI as an adsorbent for As(III) treatment in groundwater as affected by initial As(III) concentra...
1,100 citations