Topic
Atmospheric temperature range
About: Atmospheric temperature range is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 44355 publications have been published within this topic receiving 729060 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a scale is prepared showing apparent temperature for any combination of dry-bulb temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed and extra radiation likely to be encountered meteorologically.
Abstract: Based on the total thermal resistance required by a human model to effect equilibrium, a scale is prepared showing apparent temperature for any combination of dry-bulb temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed and extra radiation likely to be encountered meteorologically. Application to normal midday climates of the United States shows that dry-bulb temperature is modified by the three other variables by from −5 to +7 K. However, multiple linear regression indicates that dry-bulb temperature correlates most strongly with apparent temperature, and provides simple computing formulas.
613 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the crystallization behavior of a-Si over the temperature range from 500 °C to ∼ 1380°C and showed that the random crystallization process is a well-behaved function of temperature over that temperature range with an activation energy of 4 eV.
601 citations
TL;DR: In this article, aluminum-doped zinc oxide films have been deposited on soda lime glass substrates from diethyl zinc, triethyl aluminum, and ethanol by atmospheric pressure chemical-vapor deposition in the temperature range 367-444°C.
Abstract: Aluminum‐doped zinc oxide films have been deposited on soda lime glass substrates from diethyl zinc, triethyl aluminum, and ethanol by atmospheric pressure chemical‐vapor deposition in the temperature range 367–444 °C. Film roughness was controlled by the deposition temperature and the dopant concentration. The films have resistivities as low as 3.0 × 10−4 Ω cm, infrared reflectances close to 90%, visible transmissions of 85%, and visible absorptions of 5.0% for a sheet resistance of 4.0 Ω/⧠. The aluminum concentration within doped films measured by electron microprobe is between 0.3 and 1.2 at. %. The electron concentration determined from Hall coefficient measurements is between 2.0 × 1020 and 8.0 × 1020 cm−3, which is in agreement with the estimates from the plasma wavelength. The Hall mobility, obtained from the measured Hall coefficient and dc resistivity, is between 10.0 and 35.0 cm2/V s. Over 90% of the aluminum atoms in the film are electrically active as electron donors. Scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction show that the films are crystalline with disklike structures of diameter 100–1000 nm and height 30–60 nm. The films have the desired electrical and optical properties for applications in solar cell technology and energy efficient windows.
592 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present high-resolution X-ray spectra of 14 putative cooling-flow clusters of galaxies obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton.
Abstract: We present high-resolution X-ray spectra of 14 putative cooling-flow clusters of galaxies obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton. The clusters in the sample span a large range of temperatures and mass deposition rates. Various of these spectra exhibit line emission from O VIII, Ne X, Mg XII and XI, Al XIII and XII, Si XIV and XIII, N VII, and C VI as well as all Fe L ions. The spectra exhibit strong emission from cool plasma at just below the ambient temperature, T0, down to T0/2, but also exhibit a severe deficit of emission relative to the predictions of the isobaric cooling-flow model at lower temperatures (
580 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin layer of ~50 μm diamonds is placed above a layer of peridotite powder, and partial melt is extracted from the pore spaces between the diamonds and equilibrates diffusively with the residual peridotoite mineralogy.
568 citations