Showing papers on "Attentional blink published in 1995"

A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation.

Abstract: When 2 targets are presented among distractors in rapid serial visual presentation, correct identification of the 1st target results in a deficit for a 2nd target appearing within 200-500 ms. This attentional blink (AB; J. E. Raymond, K. L. Shapiro, & K. M. Arnell, 1992) was examined for categorically defined targets (letters among nonletters) in 7 experiments. AB was obtained for the 2nd letter target among digit distractors (Experiment 1) and also for a 3rd target (Experiment 2). Results of Experiments 3-5 confirmed that AB is triggered by local interference from immediate posttarget stimulation (Raymond et al., 1992) and showed that AB is modulated by the discriminability between the 1st target and the immediately following distractor. Experiments 5-7 further examined the effects of both local interference and global discriminability. A 2-stage model is proposed to account for the AB results. Researchers working on visual attention have focused on. capacity limitations that arise when multiple stimuli must be processed in a single spatial array. Different issues arise when stimuli are presented sequentially. In this study, we examined attentional limitations for processing a temporal sequence of visual stimuli. When participants search for targets among stimuli presented in a sequence at high rates, correct identification of one target produces a marked deficit for detecting a subsequent target appearing in a 200500 ms interval after the onset of the first one (Broadbent & Broadbent, 1987; Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992). These tasks involve the use of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), in which each item replaces the previous one at the same spatial location. The RSVP paradigm has been a useful tool for researchers exploring the temporal characteristics of information processing because it provides the experimenter with precise control not only over the time a given item is in view, but also over the preceding and subsequent processing demands on the participants. In RSVP each item not only eliminates the previous item from sensory storage (Kahneman, 1968), but also presents a new item to be processed, thus constraining the time available for higher level cognitive as well as perceptual processing (Potter, 1976).

Similarity determines the attentional blink.

Abstract: When participants are required to respond to a target letter imbedded in a stream of rapid serially presented letters, perception of a 2nd target letter is impaired if the interval between the 2 targets is less than about 450 ms. This attentionally based posttarget suppression in visual processing, referred to as the attentional blink (AB), is not found when there is a brief pause in the stream immediately after the 1st target. To investigate the importance of posttarget stimulation in AB production, the categorical, featural, and spatial similarity of the immediate posttarget item to other items in the stream was manipulated. Although featural and spatial dissimilarity produced significant attenuation of the AB effect, categorical dissimilarity did not. Significant AB effects were found in all conditions, suggesting that the presentation of any patterned stimulus in close temporal proximity to the target provokes the AB.