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Attentional blink

About: Attentional blink is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1346 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53064 citations. The topic is also known as: Attentional blinks.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: G gaze-contingent eye-tracking was used to probe the roles of spatiotemporal competition and memory encoding on the spatial distribution of interference caused by emotional distractors, suggesting that spatiotems reflect a dual-route impact of emotional stimuli on target perception during rapid visual processing.
Abstract: People’s ability to perceive rapidly presented targets can be disrupted both by voluntary encoding of a preceding target and by spontaneous attention to salient distractors. Distinctions between these sources of interference can be found when people search for a target in multiple rapid streams instead of a single stream: voluntary encoding of a preceding target often elicits subsequent perceptual lapses across the visual field, whereas spontaneous attention to emotionally salient distractors appears to elicit a spatially localized lapse, giving rise to a theoretical account suggesting that emotional distractors and subsequent targets compete spatiotemporally during rapid serial visual processing. We used gaze-contingent eye-tracking to probe the roles of spatiotemporal competition and memory encoding on the spatial distribution of interference caused by emotional distractors, while also ruling out the role of eye-gaze in driving differences in spatial distribution. Spontaneous target perception impairments caused by emotional distractors were localized to the distractor location regardless of where participants fixated. But when emotional distractors were task-relevant, perceptual lapses occurred across both streams while remaining strongest at the distractor location. These results suggest that spatiotemporal competition and memory encoding reflect a dual-route impact of emotional stimuli on target perception during rapid visual processing.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that ensemble coding emerges automatically as a result of the deployment of attentional resources across the ensemble of stimuli, prior to information being consolidated in working memory.
Abstract: We used the attentional blink (AB) paradigm to investigate the processing stage at which extraction of summary statistics from visual stimuli ("ensemble coding") occurs. Experiment 1 examined whether ensemble coding requires attentional engagement with the items in the ensemble. Participants performed two sequential tasks on each trial: gender discrimination of a single face (T1) and estimating the average emotional expression of an ensemble of four faces (or of a single face, as a control condition) as T2. Ensemble coding was affected by the AB when the tasks were separated by a short temporal lag. In Experiment 2, the order of the tasks was reversed to test whether ensemble coding requires more working-memory resources, and therefore induces a larger AB, than estimating the expression of a single face. Each condition produced a similar magnitude AB in the subsequent gender-discrimination T2 task. Experiment 3 additionally investigated whether the previous results were due to participants adopting a subsampling strategy during the ensemble-coding task. Contrary to this explanation, we found different patterns of performance in the ensemble-coding condition and a condition in which participants were instructed to focus on only a single face within an ensemble. Taken together, these findings suggest that ensemble coding emerges automatically as a result of the deployment of attentional resources across the ensemble of stimuli, prior to information being consolidated in working memory.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that presenting a mask after T2 is not sufficient to produce an auditory AB: the mask must be perceivable as an auditory event distinct from the target and occur before T2 consolidation.
Abstract: The attentional blink (AB) corresponds to a transient deficit in reporting the second (T2) of two targets embedded in a rapid sequence of distractors. The retrieval competition (Shapiro, Raymond & Arnell, 1994) and bottleneck models (Chun & Potter, 1995; Jolicœur, 1998) predict the attenuation of the deficit with the extension of the delay between T2 and its mask. This prediction was tested using auditory sequences of nonverbal stimuli in which the T2-mask interval was systematically varied. The magnitude of the auditory AB diminished with the lengthening of the interval from 50 to 150 ms while no time-locked deficit was observed with the longest (350 ms) and the shortest (10 ms) intervals. These results suggest that presenting a mask after T2 is not sufficient to produce an auditory AB: The mask must be perceivable as an auditory event distinct from the target and occur before T2 consolidation. The present study also provides evidence that as in vision, AB deficits take place in the auditory domain when ...

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 40-Hz BB stimulation during training accelerates the training outcome and auditory beats stimulation is a promising method of non-invasive brain stimulation for enhancing training and learning which is well-suited to rehabilitation training.
Abstract: This study investigated whether binaural beat stimulation could accelerate the training outcome in an attentional blink (AB) task. The AB refers to the lapse in detecting a target T2 in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) after the identification of a preceding target T1. Binaural beats (BB) are assumed to entrain neural oscillations and support cognitive function. Participants were assigned into two groups and presented with BB sounds while performing the AB task on three subsequent days in a cross-over design. Group A was presented with 40-Hz BB during the first day and 16 Hz during the second day, while the order of beat frequencies was reversed in Group B. No sound was presented on the third day. MEG recordings confirmed a strong entrainment of gamma oscillations during 40-Hz BB stimulation and smaller gamma entrainment with 16-Hz BB. The rhythm of the visual stimulation elicited 10-Hz oscillations in occipital MEG sensors which were of similar magnitude for both BB frequencies. The AB performance did not increase within a session. However, participants improved between sessions, with overall improvement equal in both groups. Group A improved more after the first day than the second day. In contrast, group B gained more from the 40 Hz stimulation on the second day than from 16-Hz stimulation on the first day. Taken together, 40-Hz BB stimulation during training accelerates the training outcome. The improvement becomes evident not immediately, but after consolidation during sleep. Therefore, auditory beats stimulation is a promising method of non-invasive brain stimulation for enhancing training and learning which is well-suited to rehabilitation training.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The number of subjectively perceived target stimuli (and not the number of objectively presented targets) determines subjective duration of the entire RSVP sequence, indicating that attentive rather than automatic processing of stimulus dynamics leads to the subjective time dilation of dynamic stimuli.
Abstract: How do observers judge the passage of time at a short time-scale? Humans are not equipped with a dedicated sensory system for perceiving durations in the same way as they are equipped with systems for perceiving light and sound. Thus, subjective duration depends on the sensory and cognitive processes triggered by sensory input, eg visual or auditory stimuli. Previous studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of this sensory input (eg the rate of stimulus presentation) affect duration judgments. However, it is yet unclear whether automatic or attentive processing of such dynamics accounts for their effect on subjective duration. Automatic and attentive stimulus processing can be distinguished when stimuli are presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. The second of two targets embedded in an RSVP stream often fails to attract participants' attention and escapes conscious detection, in spite of being automatically processed at a perceptual level. In the present study, we presented RSVP streams and combined a target detection task with a prospective duration judgment task. We demonstrate in three experiments that the number of subjectively perceived target stimuli (and not the number of objectively presented targets) determines subjective duration of the entire RSVP sequence. Target stimuli which escape attentional selection did not affect perceived duration. This finding indicates that attentive rather than automatic processing of stimulus dynamics leads to the subjective time dilation of dynamic stimuli.

14 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202312
202266
202148
202043
201945
201840