Topic
Attentional blink
About: Attentional blink is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1346 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53064 citations. The topic is also known as: Attentional blinks.
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TL;DR: The replicability of this effect was examined and additional analyses were performed to investigate the extent to which this effect is due to perceptual or attentional processes and to examine the role of distraction on AB performance.
Abstract: In a widely cited paper, Jefferies et al. (2008) report a study in which they manipulated participants' mood and examined the effects of this manipulation on their performance on the Attentional Blink task. Their results revealed an interaction between emotional valence and arousal: attentional control of participants who experienced a negative mood with low arousal (i.e. sadness) was best, whereas it was worst for participants who experienced a negative mood with high arousal (i.e. anxiety). Performance for participants who were in a positive mood, either with low arousal (i.e. calmness) or high arousal (i.e. happiness) had intermediate scores. In this study, I examined the replicability of this effect and performed additional analyses to investigate the extent to which this effect is due to perceptual or attentional processes and to examine the role of distraction on AB performance. Importantly, the results showed that the crucial interaction between emotional valence and arousal did not reach significance. This could be due a diversity of factors that are addressed in the discussion.
4 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The authors studied the temporal selective attention and found that individuals who perform well seem to chop the incoming information into smaller pieces, leading to less confusion regarding the order in which the information was presented.
Abstract: Every waking moment we are bombarded with large amounts of information. Given the limited ability to process this information at a conscious level, some sort of selection for further processing is required to identify the most relevant information (e.g., other road users) while ignoring irrelevant information as much as possible (e.g., a commercial billboard). Our attentional system plays a crucial role in this selection process. When attention is allocated at specific moments in time, we typically refer to this as temporal selective attention, which can be studied using the attentional blink paradigm. The attentional blink is the inability to identify relevant information when it is shown within half a second of earlier presented relevant information. By studying the origin of this inability we hope to better understand how our brain selects and processes information over time. Our research specifically focused on addressing the question how people differ in their ability to rapidly select and process relevant information. We show that individuals who have little difficulty in identifying information in close temporal proximity allocate their attention earlier in time and more precisely than individuals who have more trouble performing such a task. Furthermore, the individuals who perform well seem to chop the incoming information into smaller pieces, leading to less confusion regarding the order in which the information was presented. Finally, we demonstrate a number of ways in which individuals can be trained to improve their ability to process rapidly presented information.
4 citations
TL;DR: The novel finding was that Lag-1 sparing occurred in RT, provided that T2 was masked, and predictions from the PRP-based model regarding Lag- 1 sparing/Lag-1 deficit were confirmed.
Abstract: Perception of the second of two targets (T1, T2) displayed in rapid sequence is impaired if it comes shortly after the first (attentional blink, AB). In an exception, known as Lag-1 sparing, T2 is virtually unimpaired if it is presented directly after T1. Three experiments examined the seemingly inconsistent findings that Lag-1 sparing occurs in accuracy but Lag-1 deficit occurs in RT. Experiment 1 pointed to masking of T2 as the critical factor. When T2 was not masked, the results replicated the conventional findings. The novel finding was that Lag-1 sparing occurred in RT, provided that T2 was masked. An account was provided by a psychological refractory period-based model in which processing was said to occur in two broadly sequential stages: stimulus selection and response planning. Experiments 2 and 3 tested predictions from the PRP-based model regarding Lag-1 sparing/Lag-1 deficit. In Experiment 2, we increased T2 salience, notionally reducing the duration of the T2 selection stage, with corresponding reduction in Lag-1 sparing. In Experiment 3, we manipulated the compatibility between the T1 stimulus and the response to notionally decrease/increase the duration of the T1 response-planning stage with corresponding increment/decrement in Lag-1 sparing. The results of both experiments confirmed predictions from the PRP-based model.
4 citations
TL;DR: The findings present difficulties for the existing models of the AB, although the overall pattern observed is generally more consistent with the episodic simultaneous-type, serial-token (eSTST) model than with conventional resource accounts or distractor-based attentional selection accounts.
Abstract: The attentional blink (AB) refers to a deficit in reporting the second of two targets (T2) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream when this target is presented less than 500 ms after the onset of the first target (T1). It is under debate whether the AB originates from a limitation of cognitive resources or from an attentional suppression process triggered by a distractor or by target discontinuity. In this study, we placed a distractor (D(inter)) or an extra target (T(inter)) between T1 and T2 while at the same time manipulating the time interval between D(inter) (or T(inter)) and T2 (0, 200, or 500 ms). The level of attentional enhancement induced by the detection of T1 was also manipulated by adding external noise to T1. The results showed that, as compared to the dual-target condition, T2 performance was better in the consecutive-target condition, when T2 was close in time to T(inter) (i.e., the spread of sparing), but was worse with a longer interval between T2 and the preceding item. Adding external noise to T1 improved T2 performance when T2 was close in time to the preceding item, irrespective of whether this item was D(inter) or T(inter). These findings present difficulties for the existing models of the AB, although the overall pattern observed is generally more consistent with the episodic simultaneous-type, serial-token (eSTST) model than with conventional resource accounts or distractor-based attentional selection accounts of the AB.
4 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of meditation on tasks of controlled attention (such as Stroop and go/no-go tasks) is found to be about 0.4 SD; a similar effect is noted on sustained attention; there are also consistent effects on different aspects of nonjudgmental alerting ( such as attentional blink and error processing).
Abstract: This chapter reviews evidence that practicing meditation positively impacts attention. Functional and structural enhancements in parts of the salience and executive networks are described. At the behavioral level, the effect of meditation on tasks of controlled attention (such as Stroop and go/no-go tasks) is found to be about 0.4 SD; a similar effect is noted on sustained attention; there are also consistent effects on different aspects of nonjudgmental alerting (such as attentional blink and error processing), with an effect size of 0.65 SD for attentional blink studies. Meditation also lowers perceptual thresholds. Dose–response relationship studies underscore the importance of frequency or amount of recent meditation practice rather than accumulated hours of practice.
4 citations