Topic
Attentional blink
About: Attentional blink is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1346 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53064 citations. The topic is also known as: Attentional blinks.
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TL;DR: In both experiments the finding of an awareness-dependent emotional modulation of temporal attention through fearful faces could not be replicated, even when data were pooled across experiments, and pooling of experiments indicated however that, independent of awareness level, fearful faces can be associated with slightly worse temporal attention performance than neutral faces.
Abstract: Pictures of faces with emotional expressions presented before a temporal attention task have been reported to affect temporal attention in an awareness-dependent manner: Awareness of a fearful face was linked to an increased deficit in the temporal attention task, while preventing the face from reaching awareness was linked to a decreased deficit, both relative to neutral faces. Here we report the results of two temporal attention experiments which aimed to extend and conceptually replicate this basic finding. The temporal attention task was preceded by an unmasked or a masked fearful face on a trial-by-trial basis. In both experiments the finding of an awareness-dependent emotional modulation of temporal attention through fearful faces could not be replicated, even when data were pooled across experiments. Pooling of experiments indicated however that, independent of awareness level, fearful faces can be associated with slightly worse temporal attention performance than neutral faces, and suggested a lag-specific practice effect in terms of a reduced deficit in temporal attention in the second half of the experiment.
Proceedings Article•
01 Oct 2004
TL;DR: A model of the Attentional Blink is implemented, which combines this two-stage architecture with a token-based account of working memory with the prediction that it is the temporal characteristics of the token binding process that determines the shape and time course of the blink, and not the sequential arrangement of targets.
Abstract: The Attentional Blink (AB) paradigm uses a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) stream, with two targets (denoted T1 and T2). There is a period of approximately 500 msec during which processing of T1 seems to impair the ability to detect and report T2 (Raymond, Shapiro and Arnell 1992). This suggests that the deployment of attention to processing T1 has a temporal window of a little over half a second. This interpretation is complicated by lag 1 sparing, which is the robust finding of almost unimpaired performance on T2 when it immediately follows T1. Early theories of the AB have posited that the blink is the result of interference between the T1, T1+1, T2 and T2+1 items (Raymond, Shapiro and Arnell 1992). In this formulation, the existence of distractors is key to producing the particular U shape of the AB curve. Specifically, it is the T1+1 distractor that reduces the accuracy of a lag-2 T2 by entering the visual buffer along with the T1. Another theoretical account posits the AB as the result of the interaction of two stages of processing (Chun and Potter 1995). Consolidation of the T1 in the second stage prevents the processing of T2. T1+1 items are important in causing the blink in that they make T1 processing more difficult We have implemented a model of the AB, which combines this two-stage architecture with a token-based account of working memory (Kanwisher, 1987). This model makes explicit the prediction that it is the temporal characteristics of the token binding process that determines the shape and time course of the blink, and not the sequential arrangement of targets. Specifically, our model predicts that the shape of the blink curve will be constant with respect to time, such that at a presentation rate of 20 items/sec, the maximal depth of the blink will be obtained at lags 4-6, recovery will occur by lags 10-12, and there will be strong lag-2 sparing. This paper will then describe an experiment that confirms these results empirically. These results are generally incompatible with the intereference theory of Raymond, Shapiro, and Arnell (1992).
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The authors investigated the effects on Attentional Blink (AB) when the category relationships of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation stream were consistent or not, and found that AB is due to an allocation of limited attentional resources.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects on Attentional Blink (AB) when the category relationships of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation stream were consistent or not. In experiment 1, accuracy for the second target (T2) increased when its color was changed, but there was still a sig- nificant Attentional Blink effect. In experiment 2, the results for T2 showed that there was no sig- nificant Attentional Blink effect when T1 and T2 belong to the different categories. These findings support the hypothesis that AB is due to an allocation of limited attentional resources. But wheth- er the AB effects come into being or not is deteminated by the relationships of category between T1 and T2.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This work obtained an ACT-R model which performs an attentional blink task and found the strongest correlation with buffer activations at low oscillation frequencies (delta and theta).
Abstract: We are trying to compare ACT-R with actual EEG data. To this end we obtained an ACT-R model which performs an attentional blink task. We also use EEG data collected from test subjects who are performing the same task. Earlier research focused on comparing event related potentials in EEG with ACT-R buffer activation. We will try to find a correlation by looking at event related oscillations. This leads to our research question: how do ACT-R buffers in a model of attentional blink correlate with EEG frequency bands of test subjects performing a similar task? We hypothesize a direct correlation exists between specific ACT-R buffer activations and specific patterns of brain oscillations represented by event related oscillations. We found the strongest correlation with buffer activations at low oscillation frequencies (delta and theta).
TL;DR: In this article , the role of expectation when processing fear in an attentional blink task was examined, and it was found that expectation can suppress the processing of task-irrelevant facial expression and unexpected fearful expression can break through this suppression.
Abstract: Reporting the second of the two targets is impaired when it occurs 200-500 ms after the first, the phenomenon in the study of consciousness is the attentional blink (AB). In the AB task, both the emotional salience and the expectation of the second target increase the likelihood of that target being consciously reported. Yet, little is known about how expectations modulate the prioritized processing of affective stimuli. We examined the role of expecting fearful expression when processing fear in an AB task. Participants were presented with an AB task where the 2nd target (T2) is either a fearful face or a neutral face, and had to report the target's gender. The frequency of fearful to neutral faces on a given block was manipulated, such that participants could either expect more or less fearful faces.In the Experiment 1, we found that fearful faces were more likely to be recognized than neutral faces during the blink period (lag3) when participants were not expecting a fearful face (low fear-expectation); however, high fear-expectation increased the discrimination of fearful T2 than neutral T2 outside the blink period (lag8). In the Experiment 2, we assessed ERP brain activity in response to perceived T2 during the blink period. The results revealed that fearful faces elicited larger P300 amplitudes compared to neutral faces, but only in the low fear-expectation condition, suggesting that expecting a fearful expression can suppress the processing of task-irrelevant facial expression and unexpected fearful expression can break through this suppression. Fearful T2 elicited larger vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitudes than neutral T2, and this affective effect was independent of fear-expectation. Since no effect of expectation was found on the VPP amplitude while P300 exhibited significant interaction between expectation and expression, this suggests that expectations modulate emotional processing at a later stage, after the fearful face has been differentially processed.These results provided clear evidence for the contribution of the expectation to the prioritized processing of second affective stimuli in the AB.