Topic
Attentional blink
About: Attentional blink is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1346 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53064 citations. The topic is also known as: Attentional blinks.
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TL;DR: This article investigated whether dispositional affect could modulate temporal attentional diffusion using the attentional blink (AB) paradigm and found that greater positive affect was associated with smaller AB magnitude, whereas greater negative affect is associated with larger AB magnitude.
Abstract: Theories suggest that positive affect broadens attention, whereas negative affect focuses attention. This position has been supported by studies showing that positive affect leads to more diffuse spatial attention while negative affect leads to more focused spatial attention. Recently, researchers have used the attentional blink (AB) paradigm to show that induced positive affect may also lead to more diffuse temporal attention, allowing greater accuracy for targets presented within a short time interval. The present study investigated whether dispositional affect could modulate temporal attentional diffusion using the AB paradigm. Consistent with the diffusion hypothesis, greater positive affect was associated with smaller AB magnitude, whereas greater negative affect was associated with larger AB magnitude. Thus, dispositional affect can modulate the costs of attentional selection over brief time intervals.
45 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: This chapter examines formal models, expressed in terms of neuronal networks, that link together the molecular, neuronal, physiological, and behavioral/mental data on access to consciousness and shows that the dynamics of the model lead to the spontaneous and sudden formation of conscious ‘global’ activity states which can be broadcasted to many processors.
Abstract: The aim of this chapter is to examine formal models, expressed in terms of neuronal networks, that link together the molecular, neuronal, physiological, and behavioral/mental data on access to consciousness. Ultimately implemented as ‘formal organisms,’ these neurocomputational models should altogether account for the available data and produce experimentally testable predictions at all of those levels. They deal with the subjective experience of the access to a unified or global workspace where a synthesis between past, present, and future takes place: multimodal perceptions, emotions, and feelings (present); evoked memories of prior experiences (past); and anticipations of actions (future) become subjectively integrated in a continuously changing and dynamic flow of consciousness. The hypothesis of the neuronal workspace emphasizes the role of distributed pyramidal neurons with long-distance connections, particularly dense in prefrontal, parietal, and cingulate regions, in the global interconnection of multiple specialized processors. We show that the dynamics of the model lead to the spontaneous and sudden formation of conscious ‘global’ activity states which can be broadcasted to many processors. Our framework has been applied to a number of well-defined cognitive tasks and captures some of the available data on the relationship between subjective reports and objective physiological and brain imaging measurements in paradigms such as masking and the attentional blink.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the timing and mechanisms of attentional blink and repetition blindness in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams and show that attentional blinking is associated with a higher overall negativity in response to repeated targets, while repetition blindness is more severe.
45 citations
TL;DR: Results suggests that dopamine plays a significant role in biasing memory toward emotionally salient information and that dopamine antagonists may act by attenuating this bias.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:
Cognitive models suggest that biased processing of emotional information may play a role in the genesis and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. The role of dopamine and dopamine antagonists in the processing of such information remains unclear. The authors investigated the effect of a dopamine antagonist on perception of, and memory for, emotional information in healthy volunteers.
METHOD:
Thirty-three healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to a single-blind intervention of either a single dose of the dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist amisulpride or placebo. An attentional blink task and an emotional memory task were then administered to assess the affective modulation of attention and memory, respectively.
RESULTS:
A significant interaction was observed between stimulus valence and drug on recognition memory accuracy; further contrasts revealed enhanced memory for aversive-arousing compared with neutral stimuli in the placebo but not the amisulpride group. No effect of amisulpride was observed on the perception of emotional stimuli.
CONCLUSIONS:
Amisulpride abolished the enhanced memory for emotionally arousing stimuli seen in the placebo group but had no effect on the perception of such stimuli. These results suggests that dopamine plays a significant role in biasing memory toward emotionally salient information and that dopamine antagonists may act by attenuating this bias.
44 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that within 300 ms after T1, T2 detection was nearly chance level (‘attentional blink’), demonstrating that the vMMN is elicited without attentional allocation.
Abstract: Rare deviations in serial visual stimulation are accompanied by an occipital N2 in the event-related potential [the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN)]. Recent research suggests that the vMMN reflects automatic processing of information on the sensory level as a basis for change detection. To directly test the hypothesis that the vMMN is independent from attention, a rapid-serial-visual-presentation paradigm was applied: Either 300 ms or 700 ms after the presentation of a target (T1) a rare position change was embedded in the stimulation which elicited a vMMN. In another condition participants had to detect a second target (T2) after T1: Importantly, within 300 ms after T1, T2 detection was nearly chance level ('attentional blink'). This result demonstrates that the vMMN is elicited without attentional allocation.
44 citations