Showing papers on "Azadirachta published in 1978"

Japanese Beetles: Extracts from Neem Tree Seeds as Feeding Deterrents

Abstract: In both laboratory and field tests over a 3-yr period, solvent extracts from seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., successfully deterred Popillia japonica Newman from feeding on sassafras leaves, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.), and soybeans, Glycine max (L.). In most instances, untreated foliage was completely destroyed, whereas leaves protected with the neem extracts remained untouched or, at worst, were only slightly damaged.

A preliminary study on hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects of Azadirachta indica

Abstract: . Aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica was investigated for its effects on blood glucose levels in dogs. It was found to have hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects.

The influence of repellent materials and aphid extracts on settling behaviour and larviposition of Myzus persicae (Suizer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract: When incorporated into an artificial diet or painted on the surface of the membrane containing the diet, solutions of the insect repellent GD 880 (2-methyl-2-(octylamino)-1-propanol) killed aphids, whilst extracts of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) or extracts of the bodies ofMyzus persicae (Sulz.) deterred settling and larviposition of apterous adults. The deterrent effect occurred even when the painted membrane was covered by a similar but untreated membrane. When applied in culture solutions to the roots of young kale plants, GD 880 and extracts of neem influenced aphids on the foliage only at concentrations that visibly affected plant growth, but neem extract (and to a lesser extent GD 880) decreased aphid colonisation when painted on kale leaves at non-damaging concentrations.

Response of Tearias Insulana boisd. larvae to neem ( Azadirachta Indica a. juss) Kernel extract

Abstract: The effect of Neem on the development ofEarias insulana Boisd. was investigated. Different concentrations of an aqueous extract of Neem kernels were incorporated in a semi-synthetic diet and larval growth, pupation rate and mortality of larvae were recorded. Neem was highly effective against 7-8- and 12-day-old larvae at all concentrations ranging between 0.075 and 1%. The systemic activity of Neem was investigated by standing cotyledons of a glandless cotton strain with their petioles in different concentrations of Neem. After 72 hours feeding at all concentrations tested, larval weight was about half that on the untreated leaves.

Alkali-treated neem ( Azadirachta indica ) seed cake as a livestock feed

Abstract: Neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss syn. Melia azadirachta Linn.) seed cake boiled with 8 g caustic soda/kg cake in 2·51 of water for 30 min yielded a product which was palatable to cattle unlike untreated neem seed cake which is bitter, foul smelling and wholly unpalatable to cattle. Two experiments were made on calves to compare the performance of two groups of animals; one group (control) fed on a standard concentrate mixture consisting of 33% groundnut cake, 34% maize and 33% wheat bran and the second group (experimental) on 50% alkali-treated neem seed cake, 33% groundnut cake and 17% maize, the roughage being the same in both the groups. The results showed that the dry-matter intake/100 kg body weight of the animals did not differ significantly ( P > 0·05) between the two groups but digestibility of dry matter and total carbohydrates and the growth rate was significantly lower ( P P > 0·05) in the two groups. The reduction of the growth rate in the experimental group could be accounted for by the lower total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake and there was no difference ( P > 0·05) in the serum icteric index, blood inorganic phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in the two groups. It is concluded that alkali-treated neem seed cake has great potential as a cattle feed and alkali treatment removes either completely or very largely the toxic principles present in neem seed cake.

Studies on plant gums. Isolation and characterisation of the major polysaccharide from Neem (Azadirachta indica) gum

Abstract: Azadirachta indica (neem) exudate gum was treated with pronase for 48 h followed by chromatography on TEAE-cellulose and the major polysaccharide was isolated. The polysaccharide covalently associated with remnant protein, was homogeneous as indicated by rechromatography on TEAE-cellulose, paper electrophoresis, gel chromatography under dissociating conditions on Bio-Gel P-l00 and P-300. The monosaccharide units, galactose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, fucose and glucosamine were present in a molar ratio of 86 ∶ 70 ∶ 30 ∶ 10 ∶ 1. Thirteen amino acids constituted the protein portion. The linkage between the polysaccharide and the protein was a glucosaminyl asparginyl bond. Limited hydrolysis showed that fucose and arabinose were at the non-reducing ends of the polysaccharide and galactose and glucuronic acid were in the central core.