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Showing papers on "Azadirachta published in 1987"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two limonoids 3-deacetyl-3-cinnamoylazadirachtin (6) and 1-tigloyl -3-acetyl 11-methoxyazadrachinin (8) have been isolated from Azadirachta indica extracts in addition to azadiraachtin this paper.

106 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interference of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica with different parts of the human immune system was investigated and showed strong anticomplementary effects which were dose-and time-dependent and most pronounced in the classical complement pathway assay.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Steam distillates of seven Nigerian plants and essential oils of L. adoensis, M. tenuifolia and P. guineense were toxic to the insects, while R. dentipes was the least susceptible and mutabilis was the most susceptible.
Abstract: Steam distillates of seven Nigerian plants, Lippia adoensis Hoschst, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Monodora tenuifolia Benth, Piper guineense Schum & Thonn, Petiveria alliacea L., Citrus sinensis L. (variety Nigerian green orange), and Cymbopogon citratus L. were tested for acute toxicity on four major insect pests. The pests were larvae of Acrae eponina Cramer, adult cotton stainer Dysdercus superstitiosus (F.), the cowpea flea beetle, Ootheca mutabilis Sahlberg and the pod sucking bug Riptortus dentipes F. Essential oils of L. adoensis, M. tenuifolia and P. guineense were toxic to the insects. O. mutabilis was the most susceptible with LD50 of 0.15, 0.32 and 0.52 respectively for M. tenuifolia, L. adoensis and P. guineense, while R. dentipes was the least susceptible. There was cessation of feeding in A. eponina treated with essential oil of C. sinensis and P. alliacea.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Practical usefulness of antifeedants derived from plants for management of insect pests in selected field crops and stored grains is discussed and would require some definitions of quality control and standardization of biological properties for large-scale use.
Abstract: Use of plant derivatives for insect pest control was common in the tropics before the advent of synthetic pesticides. Plants such as neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, chinaberry, Melia azedarach L., and Warburgia spp., have been known for insect repellent and antifeedant properties in addition to other plants possessing insecticidal and growth regulating properties. Practical usefulness of antifeedants derived from plants for management of insect pests in selected field crops and stored grains is discussed. These products would, however, require some definitions of quality control and standardization of biological properties for large-scale use.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nimbidiol, a modified diterpenoid, isolated from the root-bark of Azadirachta indica (Indian ‘neem’), was characterized by spectroscopic method.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Calamus oil at the 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations was effective in both tests in inducing significant feeding deterrence and growth inhibition in early 3rd instar larvae, and neem oil had such an effect only at 2%, particularly in no-choice tests.
Abstract: A distillate of the essential oil of the rhizomes of Indian calamus (Acorus calamus L.) and seed oil of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were evaluated as emulsified foliage sprays againstSpodoptera litura (F.) larvae. A dose-response relationship of both oils was established using food acceptance, feeding ratio, weight gain and larval development as parameters in choice and no-choice tests. Calamus oil at the 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations was effective in both tests in inducing significant feeding deterrence and growth inhibition in early 3rd instar larvae. Neem oil had such an effect only at 2%, particularly in no-choice tests. The significance of these findings in the context of the possible action of calamus oil on gustatory receptors is discussed.

31 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, debitterized and defatted neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cakes were analyzed for their nutrient composition, and the cake protein quality was evaluated in weanling rats.
Abstract: Two samples of debitterized and defatted neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cakes were analyzed for their nutrient composition, and the cake protein quality was evaluated in weanling rats. The cake is a good source of protein (45–50%), phosphorus, calcium and iron. Trypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the cake, but it was low (15–17 TIU/mg protein). Lysine content of the cake protein was higher than most of the cereal proteins but lower than that of legume proteins. Sulphur-containing amino acids were the limiting amino acids of the cake protein. When the cake contained a low amount of fat and was devoid of neem smell, its PER and NPU were comparable to those of any other oilseed cake. Animals receiving 84% neem cake diet did not exhibit any toxic symptoms. Therefore, neem seed kernel cake may be included in animal feeds.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new protein supplement in the form of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake for tropical countries such as India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and also for tropical regions of Australia, Africa, the Middle East and South-East Asia which could be successfully fed to cattle has been reported.
Abstract: A new protein supplement in the form of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake for tropical countries such as India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and also for tropical regions of Australia, Africa, the Middle East and South-East Asia which could be successfully fed to cattle has been reported by Nath, Rajgopal & Garg (1983). The adverse effect of the bitter or toxic principles contained in the neem seed kernel cake could be removed by water washing. It has a potential of providing Rs.350 million worth of additional feed in India alone and if all the neem seeds produced in India could be harvested and utilized for the preparation of oil, the production of the cake could reach 7–8 times its present value.

24 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Etude de l'efficacite sur des souches de Plasmodium falciparum sensibles and resistantes a la chloroquine.
Abstract: Etude de l'efficacite sur des souches de Plasmodium falciparum sensibles et resistantes a la chloroquine

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rice seedlings grown in soil treated with neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, seed cake at rates of ≥150 kg/ha had a significantly lower incidence of infection of rice tungro bacilliform and spherical viruses transmitted by the leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant), than did untreated seedlings.
Abstract: Rice seedlings grown in soil treated with neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, seed cake at rates of ≥150 kg/ha had a significantly lower incidence of infection of rice tungro bacilliform and spherical viruses transmitted by the leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant), than did untreated seedlings. Protection with neem seed cakes at 250 kg/ha was comparable with that provided by application of carbofuran 3G at 0.75 kg (AI)/ha. Electronic monitoring showed that the insect fed mainly on the phloem of untreated plants, but changed to xylem ingestion on neem-treated plants. Reduction in the incidence of phloem-specific tungro viruses in neem-treated plants was thus attributed to a shift in insect feeding from phloem to xylem vessels.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The effects produced by the administration of aqueous suspensions of the green or dried leaves of Azadirachta indica, a common tropical plant, were investigated in goats and guinea pigs, finding evidence of various degrees of hemorrhage, congestion, and degeneration in the liver, kidney, lung, duodenum and brain.
Abstract: The effects produced by the administration of aqueous suspensions of the green or dried leaves of Azadirachta indica, a common tropical plant, were investigated in goats and guinea pigs. At doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg given orally over a period of up to eight weeks, the plant produced a progressive decrease in body weight, weakness, inappetence, and loss of condition. There were also decreases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. Diarrhea was observed in animals given the fresh leaves. In goats, the higher doses of the plant leaves produced tremors and ataxia during the last few days of treatment. No statistically significant hematological changes were observed after dosing the animals with A indica leaves, although there was a tendency towards lowered erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The treatments caused significant rises in the plasma activity of aspartate transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and concentrations of cholesterol, urea, creatinine and potassium. No significant changes in the plasma concentration of sodium, chloride or bilirubin were detected. On necropsy of treated goats there were areas of hemorrhagic erosions. The hearts appeared flappy and in some animals there were hydropericarium. Histopathologically, there was evidence of various degrees of hemorrhage, congestion, and degeneration in the liver, kidney, lung, duodenum and brain. Degeneration of the seminiferous tubules was also seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, tetranortriterpenoid lactams with insect antifeeding activity from Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) were determined on the basis of NMR, IR, and MS data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Insect growth regulating properties of petroleum ether extracts of indigenous plants were tested against Culex pipiens fatigans and Musca domestica nebulo by continuous exposure and topical application methods and there was IGR activity, but this was observed only when these extracts were used in higher concentration.
Abstract: Insect growth regulating properties of petroleum ether extracts of 10 indigenous plants were tested against Culex pipiens fatigans (Wied) and Musca domestica nebulo (Fabr) by continuous exposure and topical application methods. Out of the 10 plants, Acorus calamus and Azadirachta indica demonstrated insect growth regulatory (IGR) activity against C. p. fatigans and also against M. d. nebulo. There was IGR activity, but this was observed only when these extracts were used in higher concentration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An alternate prepurification procedure was developed for the isolation and purification of azadirachtin, a biologically active limonoid, from neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds by the use of Florisil and droplet counter-current chromatographies.
Abstract: An alternate prepurification procedure was developed for the isolation and purification of azadirachtin, a biologically active limonoid, from neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds by the use of Florisil and droplet counter-current chromatographies. The procedure, combined with the use of preparative high performance liquid chromatography, yielded 364.8 mg of >99% pure azadirachtin from 1.5 kg of Indian neem seeds.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Isonimolicinolide (1) and nimolicinoic acid (3) have been isolated from the neutral fraction of the fresh, undried, unruptured, ripe fruits of Azadirachta indica(neem) and their structures elucidated through chemical and spectral studies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Isonimolicinolide (1) and nimolicinoic acid (3), two new triterpenoids have been isolated from the neutral fraction of the fresh, undried, unruptured, ripe fruits of Azadirachta indica(neem) and their structures elucidated through chemical and spectral studies. The mother fraction of the two triterpenoids showed insect growth regulating properties against the pulse beetle (Callasobruchus analis). Isonimolicinolide (1) is the first example of a tetranortriterpenoid with an acetoxy function at C-17, and nimolicinoic acid (3) is the first instance of a hexanortriterpenoid with an apoeuphane (apotirucallane) skeleton as well as the first hexanortriterpenoidal acid, isolated from any source.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methylenelophenol was identified from the heartwood of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, and it is proposed that this substance is a by-product of neem wood-extraction and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of 1.0% neenl (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed extract applied as a foliar spray against the birch leafminer was compared to sprays of water and Metasysto...
Abstract: The effect of 1.0% neenl (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed extract applied as a foliar spray against the birch leafminer (Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier)) was compared to sprays of water and Metasysto...

15 Dec 1987
TL;DR: This study has tested the feasibility of the use of crude extracts of different parts of neem and an allied species, Persian lilac (bakain) (Melia azedarach L.) as seed dressings against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw.
Abstract: Root-knot and reniform nematodes are among the major nematode pests of vegetables in Northern India. They have been controlled by the soil application of various organic amendments including oil-seed cakes of neem (margosa) (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.). Singh et al. (1980) have claimed significant reduction of root-knot development on tomato by seed dressing with neem cake. In the present study we have tested the feasibility of the use of crude extracts of different parts of neem and an allied species, Persian lilac (bakain) (Melia azedarach L.) as seed dressings against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. and Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford et Oliveira.


Journal Article
Sharma Jd1, Jha Rk, Gupta I, Jain P, Dixit Vp 
TL;DR: Reduction of cauda epididymal protein, sialic acid, acid phosphatase and seminal vesicular fructose concentration in rats and rabbits could bedue to antiandrogenic action of the seed oil as confirmed with the help of bioassay techniques.
Abstract: Azadirachta indica (Neem) seed oil brings about a significant diminution in spermatozoan motility and density. It leads to reduction of fertility rate in rats and rabbits. The body weight of the animals remain unaffected but the weights of reproductive oranges declined. Reduction of cauda epididymal protein, sialic acid, acid phosphatase and seminal vesicular fructose concentration in rats and rabbits could bedue to antiandrogenic action of the seed oil as confirmed with the help of bioassay techniques. Histopathology of testis revealed arrest of spermatogenesis and sever degenerative changes in the cauda epididymis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Azadirachtin (I) is one of a number of insect antifeedants isolated from the neem tree Azadirachta indica.
Abstract: Azadirachtin (I) is one of a number of insect antifeedants isolated from the neem tree Azadirachta indica.