Showing papers on "B vitamins published in 1968"
TL;DR: All the vitamins tested were synthesized by microbial action in the gut of conventional birds but that the birds derived little benefit from the synthesized vitamins, with the possible exception of folic acid.
Abstract: I. Chicks were reared in germ-free and conventional environments on diets devoid of one of each of the following vitamins: riboflavine, pantothenic acid, vitamin Be, vitamin B,,, folic acid, nicotinic acid, thiamine or biotin. When marked signs of deficiency began to appear the birds were killed. The livers and caecal contents were removed and assayed microbiologically for the vitamin omitted from the diet. 2. Negligible quantities of the omitted vitamin were detected in the caecal contents of the germ-free birds, but considerable amounts were found in corresponding samples from conventional birds. There was little evidence that signs of deficiency were less severe in the conventional birds. 3. It was concluded that all the vitamins tested were synthesized by microbial action in the gut of conventional birds but that the birds derived little benefit from the synthesized vitamins, with the possible exception of folic acid. 4. There were indications that the requirements for thiamine and pantothenic acid were higher in conventional than in germ-free chicks.
79 citations
TL;DR: Studies on seventy‐five sera containing antibodies of the H‘O’I‐B complex together with a survey of studies by other workers show that many of the antibodies formerly called anti-O and some of those called anti‐H are in fact reacting with a joint product of theH and I genes.
Abstract: Summary. Studies on seventy-five sera containing antibodies of the H‘O’I-B complex together with a survey of studies by other workers show that many of the antibodies formerly called anti-‘O’ and some of those called anti-H are in fact reacting with a joint product of the H and I genes.
The serological specificities of these antibodies were shown by agglutination tests with cells of known H and I or B and I status, together with the use of neutralisation and absorption techniques. These tests revealed that many of the sera contain mixtures of antibody specificities.
The occurrence of anti-H-HI antibodies is probably associated with pregnancy.
An H notation based on that proposed by Wiener et al. is recommended for use in the classification of these antibodies.
17 citations
TL;DR: For the purpose of determining the effect of thyroid function on the course of atherosclerosis (particularly coronary), 74 patients with the disease were treated with desiccated thyroid plus B vitamins, and with periodic intravenous injections of levo‐thyroxine in addition.
Abstract: For the purpose of determining the effect of thyroid function on the course of atherosclerosis (particularly coronary), 74 patients (32 males and 42 females, mean age 61.6 years) with the disease were treated in two groups—37 with desiccated thyroid plus B vitamins, and 37 with periodic intravenous injections of levo-thyroxine in addition. The study lasted two years.
Seventy patients reported subjective benefit, 2 were unchanged, and 2 died. Nineteen of 22 patients with angina noted alleviation of the pain. Electrocardiographic patterns improved in 22 of the 74 cases after one year. In 51 patients with hypercholesterolemia, the level of serum cholesterol was reduced by 17 per cent. For controls, 48 conventionally treated atherosclerotic patients were matched with 48 of the thyroid-treated group; during the two-year period, 12 of the conventionally treated group died, but only 2 of the thyroid-treated group.
No firm conclusions can be drawn from a study of this limited size, but the following tentative conclusions can be made:
There is some failure of thyroid function with advancing age and in the presence of severe atherosclerosis, as supported by reports in the literature.
The usual laboratory indicators of thyroid function may not accurately measure this change in thyroid function.
Thyroid therapy deserves more extensive trial as a possible means of modifying the effects of the atherosclerotic process.
11 citations
TL;DR: Various responses of vitamin B12 requiring cultures indicated special types of specificity for cyanocobalamin and analogues of this vitamin.
Abstract: Twenty-four different patterns of single and multiple requirements for various B vitamins were demonstrated for 665 cultures of marine bacteria grown in a basal synthetic seawater medium enriched with phosphate, vitamin-free casamino acids, dextrose, and succinate. Among 114 thiamine-requiring isolates, 55 were unable to make the pyrimidine moiety, 19 required thiazole, 13 needed both thiazole and the pyrimidine moiety, while 27 organisms required thiamine or thiamine pyrophosphate for growth. Among 142 biotin requirers, 22 had to be supplied with biotin, 60 could use either biotin or biocytin, 54 were able to respond to either biotin, biocytin, or desthiobiotin. Only six cultures could not use biocytin, and required either biotin or desthiobiotin. Various responses of vitamin B12 requiring cultures indicated special types of specificity for cyanocobalamin and analogues of this vitamin. Computer-sorting at the 0.66 similarity coefficient breaking point arranged a group of 104 isolates into eight clusters....
9 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: I would agree with your contributor that prolonged thiamine deficiency could be a possible reason for apparent carbohydrate dyspepsia, but I would like to suggest, with respect, that estimation of erythrocyte transketolase activity in the Journal is a more specific indicator ofThiamine.
Abstract: To the Editor:— I have read with considerable interest Dr Haunz's answer to "MD, Florida" [ 201 :901, 1967] but am rather concerned that large intravenous doses of thiamine hydrochloride, ie, 100 mg daily for seven days, are recommended Doses of this vitamin given on its own are liable to induce anaphylactoid reactions, and there are at least six fatal cases published in the world literature However, from experience in the United Kingdom, when such large doses of thiamine hydrochloride are given intravenously with other members of the B complex (eg, in the treatment of certain psychiatric emergencies) the risk of such reactions is negligible I would agree with your contributor that prolonged thiamine deficiency could be a possible reason for apparent carbohydrate dyspepsia, but I would like to suggest, with respect, that estimation of erythrocyte transketolase activity inThe Journal( 187 :762, 1967) is a more specific indicator of thiamine
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for the cultivation of Rhizopus oligosporus have been investigated and it was found that addition of 25% of soybean paste to the potato medium improved growth.
Abstract: Conditions for the cultivation of Rhizopus oligosporus have been investigated. It was found that addition of 25% of soybean paste to the potato medium improved growth. Riboflavin production was higher in the soybean-potato (soy-potato) medium than in the potato medium in proportion to the increase in the weight of the fungus. Biotin production per unit weight of the fungus was higher in the soy-potato than in the potato medium. The thiamine, riboflavin, and biotin content of the fungus increased during fermentation in proportion to weight or nitrogen content. Concentration of riboflavin and biotin in the medium also increased. The thiamine content of the medium decreased indicating that it was taken up from the medium by the fungus rather than synthesized.
6 citations
Patent•
28 May 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a class of compounds of general formula where R1 and R2 are alkyl groups together possessing at least three carbon atoms; physiologically compatible salts thereof; and their preparation by reacting an amide of formula with nitrous anhydride or with an organic nitrite in the presence of acid.
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of general formula where R1 and R2 are alkyl groups together possessing at least three carbon atoms; physiologically compatible salts thereof; and their preparation by reacting an amide of formula with nitrous anhydride or with an organic nitrite in the presence of acid, the amide optionally being obtained by hydrolysis in the presence of a mineral acid and a liquid carboxylic acid of a nitrile of formula which may itself be obtained by reaction of 1-naphthylacetonitrile with an alkyl halide (or two alkyl halides in succession) in a cyclic or acyclic ether solvent in the presence of an alkaline substance.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions comprise one or more choleretic and spasmolytic compounds of general formula in which R1 and R2 are alkyl groups, or physiologically compatible and salts thereof, together with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient. Forms (tablets, dragees, capsules, ampoules, suppositories, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, powders) for oral, rectal and parenteral administration are described. Other substances useful in hepatic-biliary disease (e.g. liver extract, B Vitamins, choline salts, methionine, inositol, laxative and cholagogic vegetable extracts) may be incorporated.
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was found that addition of 25% of soybean paste to the potato medium improved growth and thiamine content of the medium decreased indicating that it was taken up from the medium by the fungus rather than synthesized.
Abstract: Conditions for the cultivation of Rhizopus oligosporus have been investigated. It was found that addition of 25% of soybean paste to the potato medium improved growth. Riboflavin production was higher in the soybean-potato (soy-potato) medium than in the potato medium in proportion to the increase in the weight of the fungus. Biotin production per unit weight of the fungus was higher in the soy-potato than in the potato medium. The thiamine, riboflavin, and biotin content of the fungus increased during fermentation in proportion to weight or nitrogen content. Concentration of riboflavin and biotin in the medium also increased. The thiamine content of the medium decreased indicating that it was taken up from the medium by the fungus rather than synthesized.
6 citations
TL;DR: Correlations between levels of the various nutrients were, for the most part, similar to those reported by other workers, and the practical significance of soil zone, variety and year effects is discussed.
Abstract: The proximate principles, and thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid were studied in wheat (Canthatch and Selkirk), barley (Husky, Parkland and Hannchen) and oats (Garry and Rodney) grown in 1964 and 1965 at 16 locations representing the main soil types and zones in Saskatchewan. Percentages of the proximate principles were similar to those reported in the literature except for crude protein, which was considerably higher in all three grains. Vitamin levels in several instances differed markedly from those reported elsewhere. Standard deviations were approximately 2% of the mean for nitrogen-free-extract; 10% for the other proximate constituents; 15–20% for thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid; and 20–30% for pantothenic acid.The practical significance of soil zone, variety and year effects is discussed. Correlations between levels of the various nutrients were, for the most part, similar to those reported by other workers.
5 citations
TL;DR: It is revealed that 3.5 million people in the world have never heard of B.T.M.C.
Abstract: 供試米として旭四号 (京都府産), 雄町 (島根県産), およびカルローズ (カリフォルニヤ州産) の3品種の玄米を用い, それぞれ白米部・胚芽部・糠部の各部位に分けそれらの各部位におけるB群ビタミンの分布を乳酸菌を用いる微生物定量法によって検討した。その結果, 各部位におけるビタミンの含量 (濃度) から米穀粒中のB群ビタミンは (i) ビタミンB1, B2, 葉酸のように胚芽部>糠部>白米部の分布を示すもの, (ii) ピリドキサール, ビオチンのように胚芽部≒糠部>白米部の分布を示すもの, および (iii) ニコチン酸・パントテン酸のように糠部>胚芽部>白米部の分布を示すもの, の3つのグループに大別し得られることが見出された。また単位玄米中に含まれるB群ビタミンに対する各部位のビタミン含有率を求めた結果, いずれの品種においてもほとんどが糠部に最も多く分布し, B1に関しては糠部に次いで胚芽部に多く, 白米部に存在する量が最も少ないことが認められた。これに対して葉酸では糠部と白米部に分布する量が同程度であった。B2, ピリドキサール, ニコチン酸, パントテン酸およびビオチンではいずれも糠部に最も多く分布し, 胚芽部に存在する量は最も少ないことが認められた。