Showing papers on "B vitamins published in 1978"
TL;DR: The different fractions of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts separated into five fractions showed unique polypeptide patterns and unique sets of low temperature- absorbing forms of chlorophyll.
Abstract: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts solubilized by digitonin were separated into five fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Three of the fractions, FI, FII, and FIII, corresponding to photosystem I, photosystem II, and the chlorophyll a/b complex, were purified further by two steps of diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography followed by electrofocusing on an Ampholine column. The polypeptide patterns of the fractions were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the spectral properties of the fractions at −196 C determined by absorption spectra, fourth derivative curves of the absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, and fluorescence excitation spectra. The activity of purified FII (photosystem II) was also assayed by the photoreduction of dichlorophenol-indophenol at room temperature using 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazine as the electron donor and by the photoreduction of C-550 at −196 C. The different fractions showed unique polypeptide patterns and unique sets of low temperature-absorbing forms of chlorophyll. The fluorescence emission spectra of FI, FII, and FIII at −196 C were also unique with maxima at 734, 685 and 681 nm, respectively. FI showed negligible emission at wavelengths shorter than 700 nm and the long wavelength tails of FII and FIII in the 730 nm region were relatively small (approximately 10% of emission of their wavelength maxima). Addition of 0.1% Triton to FI and FII caused the longer wavelength absorbing forms of chlorophyll to shift to 670 nm and the fluorescence emission maxima (of both fractions) to shift to 679 nm at −196 C with an increase in the yield of fluorescence especially in the case of FI.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electron transport capacities of PSII, PSI and PS (II + I) decreased during the autumn and winter of a 20-year-old pine tree in a natural stand.
Abstract: Chloroplasts were isolated from primary needles of 1-year-old seedlings and from secondary needles of a 20-year-old pine tree in a natural stand. In autumn the electron transport capacities of PSII, PSI and PS (II + I) decreased and the electron transport between PSII and PSI became inhibited in October in the 20-year-old tree. This inhibition lasted until May the following year. The partial reactions of PSI and PSII still showed low but fairly constant rates during the whole winter seedlings. Seasonal changes in the electron transport properties of 1-year-old showed the same general trends as observed in the 20-year-old tree, but the changes were less pronounced. However, in snow-covered seedlings the PSI-mediated electron transport and the electron transport from H2O to NADP increased during the late winter when the seedlings were still covered by snow. The total chlorophyll content of the needles decreased in autumn and winter. Low temperature fluorescence ratios of F692/F680 and F726/F680 indicated more severe destruction of the chlorophyll a antennae closely associated with the two photosystems than of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex. In this case, too, the changes were more pronounced in the 20-year-old tree than in the 1-year-old seedlings. The chlorophyll/P700 ratios indicated a more marked reduction in the reaction centre molecules during autumn than in the antennae chlorophyll molecules. The changes in electron transport and low temperature fluorescence properties which occurred during autumn and winter were mainly reversed during spring.
56 citations
TL;DR: Vitamins supplementation in elderly people with no demonstrable deficiencies did not alter the metabolism of antipyrine and correlation was found with other indices of nutritional status.
Abstract: 1 Antipyrine plasma half-life and clearance rates were studied in 19 elderly patients shortly after admission to a geriatric ward and again 2 weeks after a course of dietary supplementation with Vitamins A, B complex, C and D. 2 Antipyrine half-life fell and clearance increased in the nine who had sub-clinical evidence of ascorbic acid deficiency. No correlation was found with other indices of nutritional status. 3 Vitamin supplementation in elderly people with no demonstrable deficiencies did not alter the metabolism of antipyrine.
27 citations
TL;DR: The B antigens of these two strains have slightly different apparent molecular weights, suggesting that the two strains may differ at only one locus coding for MHAs, which suggests that the gene duplications giving rise to the H-2D and K loci may have taken place late in evolution, after the divergence of mice and humans from a common ancestor.
Abstract: Partial amino acid sequences of the aminoterminal regions of mouse H-2 and human HLA major histocompatibility antigens (MHAs) have recently been determined (Capra et al. 1976, Cunningham et al. 1976, Ewenstein et al. 1976, Silver et al. 1976, Appella et al. 1976, Ballou etal . 1976, Bridgen et al. 1976, Terhorst et al. 1976, 1977). The results clearly showed the structural homology of the mouse and human antigens, but presented an unexpected feature: the homology between duplicated genes within a species (e.g., H-2D and H-2K) was greater than any interspecies homology. This result suggests that the gene duplications giving rise to the H-2D and K (and H L A A , B, and C) loci may have taken place late in evolution, after the divergence of mice and humans from a common ancestor (Silver and Hood 1976). Further information about the evolution of the mouse and human major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) can be gained from studying their homologs in such nonmammalian species as Xenopus (Du Pasquier et al. 1975) and the chicken (Hfila 1977). The chicken B complex and the mammalian MHCs have very similar biological properties, and one class of products of the B complex--the B antigens--are clearly homologous to the mammalian MHAs in their apparent molecular weight (about 40,000) and association with a smaller polypeptide (//2microglobulin) of molecular weight 11,500 (Ziegler and Pink 1975, 1976). Limited amino acid sequence data on the B antigens of one inbred chicken strain (SC: Vitetta et al. 1977) confirm this conclusion. In this paper, we report partial amino acid sequence data from the aminoterminal regions of the B antigens of the inbred WA and WB chicken strains. The B antigens of these two strains have slightly different apparent molecular weights, suggesting that the two strains may differ at only one locus coding for MHAs [since it is unlikely that the products of duplicated loci would evolve in parallel to give different apparent molecular weights in the two strains (Ziegler and Pink 1975, 1976)]. The
21 citations
Patent•
03 Feb 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a nutrition composition suitable for human use, especially as a dietary supplement for obese and/or diabetic persons, was proposed, which includes about 5-90% of sugar hydrolyzable to glucose and or fructose.
Abstract: This invention is directed to a nutrition composition suitable for human use, especially as a dietary supplement for obese and/or diabetic persons. The main composition includes about 5-90% of sugar hydrolyzable to glucose and/or fructose; about 5-90% of glucose and/or fructose; about 0.5-60% of dietary protein; and about 0.5-10% of edible yeast. Optionally one or more B Vitamins are included. Another composition includes glucose and/or fructose, about 60-80%, and dietary protein, about 20-40%, and optionally one or more B Vitamins. Each of the named components in each composition total to 100%.
19 citations
07 Feb 1978
TL;DR: The nature of the 695 and 735 nm fluorescence bands which appear in the emission spectrum of chloroplasts at low temperature is examined and it is proposed that these bands are due to fluorescence from energy-trapping centres which form in the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II and photosystem I on cooling to low temperature.
Abstract: Tripartite and bipartite models for the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis are presented and examined. It is shown that the equations for the yields of fluorescence from the different parts of the photochemical apparatus of the tripartite model transform into the simple equations of the bipartite formulation when the probability for energy transfer from the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex to photosystem II is unity. The nature of the 695 and 735 nm fluorescence bands which appear in the emission spectrum of chloroplasts at low temperature is examined. It is proposed that these bands are due to fluorescence from energy-trapping centres which form in the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II and photosystem I on cooling to low temperature. Even though these fluorescence emissions can be regarded as low temperature artifacts since they are not present at physiological temperatures, they nevertheless are proportional to the excitation energy in the two photosystems and can be used to monitor energy distribution in the photochemical apparatus. However, the question of their artifactual nature is crucial to the interpretation of fluorescence-lifetime measurements at low temperature.
17 citations
TL;DR: Application of the protozoan methods to analysis of foods indicate significantly lower levels of biotin and vitamin B12 than official methods, while significantly higher levels of riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin and pantothenic acid are found in low-acid foods.
17 citations
TL;DR: A methanogenic acetate enrichment was initiated by inoculation of an acetate-mineral salts medium with domestic anaerobic digestor sludge and maintained by weekly transfer for 2 years to produce substrates and growth factors for associated organisms which do not metabolize acetate.
Abstract: A methanogenic acetate enrichment was initiated by inoculation of an acetate-mineral salts medium with domestic anaerobic digestor sludge and maintained by weekly transfer for 2 years. The enrichment culture contained a Methanosarcina and several obligately anaerobic nonmethanogenic bacteria. These latter organisms formed varying degrees of association with the Methanosarcina, ranging from the nutritionally fastidious gram-negative rod called the satellite bacterium to the nutritionally nonfastidious Eubacterium limosum. The satellite bacterium had growth requirements for amino acids, a peptide, a purine base, vitamin B12, and other B vitamins. Glucose, mannitol, starch, pyruvate, cysteine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and asparagine stimulated growth and hydrogen production. Acetate was neither incorporated nor metabolized by the satellite organism. Since acetate was the sole organic carbon source in the enrichment culture, organism(s) which metabolize acetate (such as the Methanosarcina) must produce substrates and growth factors for associated organisms which do not metabolize acetate.
13 citations
TL;DR: The remedy was to replace glucose with less rapidly metabolized mannitol; distribute media in thin layers to promote oxidation of acetate, fumarate, and malate; and buffer heavily with histidine + Good zwitterionic buffers, and superimpcse physiological buffering by arginine + asparagine.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Heme, intrinsically required by Trypanosomatidae, is unstable, especially in conventional alkaline (pH 7.2–8.0) media. Low solubility of heme in a pH 6.5 basal medium (developed to assay biopterin with Crithidia fasciculata) posed a problem: in media acidified during growth because of glycolysis, heme precipitated, perhaps contributed to acid-limited growth and interfered with densitometric estimation of growth. The remedy was to: replace glucose with less rapidly metabolized mannitol; distribute media in thin layers to promote oxidation of acetate, fumarate, and malate (presumably leaving an alkaline residue); and buffer heavily with histidine + Good zwitterionic buffers, and superimpcse physiological buffering by arginine + asparagine whose catabolism appeared to yield an excess of NH+4 over acid. Thereupon, Fe and Cu deficiencies sharply limited growth in the medium whose main chelators were: (a) 2,3–dihydroxybenzoic + 5-sulfosalicylic acids (which preferentially bind transitional elements at their higher valences; (b) malic and gluconic acids; and (c) histidine. With unconventionally heightened concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Mo (the latter serving as Cu buffer as well as nutrient per se), the hemin concentration could be lowered, widening the margin of safety for heme solubility. Growth then reached 1.4 × 108 cell/ml. This medium may serve to screen for ligands promoting uptake or release of Fe and Cu. The increased growth is a step towards improving the assay medium for biopterin and practical use of Crithidia to assay several B vitamins and essential amino acids for metazoa.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a soy beverage was prepared with a tap water or 0.25% sodium bicarbonate blanch and the retentions of vitamins B1, B6, niacin, pantothenic acid, folacin and amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan were determined from samples taken after various process steps.
Abstract: Soy beverage was prepared with a tap water or 0.25% sodium bicarbonate blanch. Retentions of vitamins B1, B6, niacin, pantothenic acid, folacin and the amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan were determined from samples taken after various process steps. The results indicate that bicarbonate blanch reduces the retention of most of the B vitamins but slightly increases the retention of tryptophan in the soy beverage. More than 50% of niacin, pantothenic acid and vitamin B6 was lost in the blanch water, irrespective of treatment. Reuse of blanch water in latter stages of the soy beverage process could result in 95% or more recovery of all measured nutrients, with the exception of thiamine.
8 citations
TL;DR: The effects observed were caused mainly by deficiency of riboflavin and to a lesser extent of thiamin or pyridoxine, and the tolerance effect against both drugs was nearly independent of the levels of B-vitamins in the diets.
Abstract: 1. Male Wistar rats were given isoenergetic, semi-synthetic diets deficient in thiamin, riboflavin, pyrid-oxine or all the B-vitamins. 2. In rats given these deficient diets the ‘sleeping time’ induced with pentobarbital (PB) and the ‘paralysis time’ with zoxazolamine (Zz) were prolonged. 3. The tolerance effect against both drugs was nearly independent of the levels of B-vitamins in the diets. 4. In preparations from vitamin-B deficient animals the activities of the following hepatic microsomal enzymes were reduced: the aliphatic hydroxylase of PB, the aromatic hydroxylases of aniline ( EC 1.14.14.1) and of Zz, the N -demethylase of aminopyrine, the UDP glucuronyltransferase ( EC 2.4.1.17) of p -nitrophenol. The reactions most influenced were those of ‘type-1’ substrates, particularly those involving the hydroxylases. 5. The effects observed were caused mainly by deficiency of riboflavin and to a lesser extent of thiamin or pyridoxine.
TL;DR: The employment of selective DNA-affinity chromatography of the androgen-binding cytosol proteins results in considerable simplification of the molecular complexity of the crude 8 S fraction, with a partial purification of what is believed to be the active androgen receptor from prostate cytOSol.
TL;DR: A strain of Bacillus cereus var.mycoides isolated from Burdwan soil producesl-glutamate in the medium but supplementation with casamino acid or yeast extract improves the yield.
Abstract: A strain ofBacillus cereus var.mycoides isolated from Burdwan soil producesl-glutamate in the medium. The strain is able to grow and produce in a synthetic medium but supplementation with casamino acid or yeast extract improves the yield. Maintenance of pH of the fermentation medium near neutrality prolongs the active growth period and improves the yield. Glucose and ammonium nitrate were found to be most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Cane sugar molasses (as a substitute for glucose) significantly stimulated the growth but glutamate production was less. Various B vitamins stimulate the growth and glutamate yield. The yield of glutamate under optimal condition is 5.2 g/l.
TL;DR: In this article, Briles et al. compared the mortality patterns and lesion responses of two chicken lines to Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection and found that the difference in mortality pattern and visceral lesion development in line N and line P chickens (B-locus genotype B21/B 21 and B19/B 19, respectively) reflected genetically determined differences in the immune responses to virus infection and tumorigenesis.
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex of the chicken (Pazderka et al. 1975) resembles the mouse H-2 region in controlling many phenomena related to adaptive immune responsiveness. Immune response (Ir) loci within the B complex control cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to defined antigens (G/inther et al. 1974, Benedict et al. 1975, 1977). Lymphocyte response in the graft-versus-host and mixed lymphocyte reactions is also controlled by the B locus (Longenecker et al. 1972, Miggiano et al. 1974). Strain differences in host response to infection by Marek's disease virus (MDV) or avian leukosis virus (ALV) are well documented. Chickens heterozygous or homozygous for the B 21 allele show resistance to T-cell lymphomagenesis by MDV (Longenecker et al. 1976, Briles et al. 1977). Differences between chicken lines in regression of tumors induced by Rous sarcoma virus (Schierman et al. 1977, Collins et al. 1977), and susceptibility to induction of lymphoid leukosis (LL), a B-cell lymphoma, after ALV infection have also been described (Purchase and Gilmour, 1975, Crittenden et al. 1972). Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), the prototype of a newly described group of avian C-type retroviruses (Purchase et al. 1973), induces tumors composed of undefined hematopoietic cells in the spleen and liver in experimentally infected chickens (Purchase and Witter 1975). REV differs markedly from other avian tumor viruses in its virulence. The induction period may be as short as 5 days, and mortality may approach 100% (Purchase and Witter, 1975). REV induces the only 'short-incubation' lymphoreticular tumor caused by an avian C-type retrovirus, and therefore offers an attractive avian model system for studies of genetic control of tumorigenesis. The present report describes differences in mortality patterns and visceral lesion development in line N and line P chickens (B-locus genotype B21/B 21 and B19/B 19, respectively). These lines were developed by Cole (1972) on the basis of resistance and susceptibility to Marek's disease (MD). Differences between line N and P chickens in response to MDV infection may reflect genetically determined differences in the immune responses to virus infection and tumorigenesis (Briles et al. 1977). To investigate the possibility of genetic control of tumorigenesis in the REV system, we compared the mortality patterns and lesion responses of these two lines to REV infection. Chickens of line N (BZI/BEI) and line P (B19/B 19) were hatched on the same day and were inoculated intraperitoneally with REV (0.1 ml containing 5 • 103 plaque-
TL;DR: It was found that benzoic acid and phenothiazine derivatives, hydroxyphenols, (+)catechin, beta-amino propionitrile, certain B vitamins, dihydrazinophthalazine, cysteine and dimethylcysteine were inhibitors of PPH.
Abstract: The effect on protocollagen proline hydroxylase of drugs reported to be capable of inducing the lupus erythematosus syndrome and in some way acting on connective tissue and inflammation was studied in an in vitro system for the hydroxylation of 14C-Pro-labelled protocollagen. Some derivatives were also studied. It was found that benzoic acid and phenothiazine derivatives, hydroxyphenols, (+)catechin, beta-amino propionitrile, certain B vitamins, dihydrazinophthalazine, cysteine and dimethylcysteine were inhibitors of PPH. The chelation of Fe2+ions by the compounds mentioned is suggested to be essential.
TL;DR: In this paper, top rounds of beef were cooked to internal temperature of 88°C in a portable oven-broiler with a slow-heat setting and control roasts were cooked in a household electric oven (135°C).
Abstract: Top rounds of beef were cooked to internal temperature of 88°C in a portable oven-broiler with a slow-heat setting. Control roasts were cooked in a household electric oven (135°C). Total cooking losses were higher for roasts cooked by the slow-heat oven-broiler method than for the control roasts. Shear values and mean tenderness scores indicated that the meat cooked by the slow-heat oven- broiler method was more tender than that cooked by the control method. There were no significant differences between mean flavor and juiciness scores, thiamin and riboflavin contents, and thiamin and riboflavin retention for roasts cooked by the two methods.
TL;DR: These studies showed that the Bcomplex facilitated functional recovery from nerve injury faster than its components, and that on muscle atrophy the B complex had its most effects on the soleus.
Abstract: Functional recovery after nerve crushing was investigated in the following manner: Under pentobarbital anesthesia the sciatic nerve of the rat was crushed at the level of the hip (proximal crush) or the thigh (distal crush). The recovery processes after the nerve crushing were followed by measuring distances between the first and fifth digits(DBD.1 approximately 5) and between the second and fourth digits (DBD.2 approximately 4) of the hind paw, and by observing changes in "behavior" scored on a scale of 10 according to the degree of behavioral disorder of the hind paw and leg. Results obtained by these methods showed good reproducibility. The DBD values and the scores for behavior recovered significantly faster after weak nerve crushing than after strong crushing, and after distal rather than after proximal crushing. When a segment of the sciatic nerve was resected, there was no recovery. These results suggest that DBD.1 approximately 5, DBD.2 approximately 4, and the behavior observed in these experiments serve as good indices for evaluating the degree of functional recovery after nerve injury in unanesthetized and unrestrained animals. Effects of a preparation of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 (B complex) on these three parameters and on weights of 9 muscles of the hind leg were also studied. These studies showed that the B complex facilitated functional recovery from nerve injury faster than its components, and that on muscle atrophy the B complex had its most effects on the soleus. It was also shown that B1 and B12 by themselves had significant facilitating effects on the functional recovery.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was found the tested alcohols caused a significant decrease in the liver contents of the studied vitamins, specifically thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, and pantothenic acid.
Abstract: The effect of the oral administration of a series of aliphatic alcohols (methanol to butanol) in addition to isopropanol on the liver contents of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, and pantothenic acid was investigated in rats. It was found the tested alcohols caused a significant decrease in the liver contents of the studied vitamins. This effect was observed after daily oral administration of the tested alcohols in doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg for 7 days. The diminishing effect of alcohols on the liver contents of vitamins was directly proportional to the dose administered.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Regulatory feedback interactions between bacteria and their human hosts may be even more intricate, as suggested by recent studies on the regulation of granulopoiesis.
Abstract: It is well known that microorganisms can be tied into the metabolism and the regulatory network of the human organism. Intestinal bacteria, for instance, participate in a large number of the host's metabolic processes. They synthesize vitamins, particularly those of the B complex family. They convert cholesterol to coprostanol, and fatty acids to corresponding alcohols. They deaminate amino acids and degrade them to indole, skatole, methane, ammonia, and benzoic acid. Furthermore, they deconjugate bile acids—a metabolic process that involves a feedback loop, wherein the dampening arm is the bactericidal action of the deconjugated acids. By destroying the bacteria responsible for the deconjugation, its products regulate the rate of their own production. Regulatory feedback interactions between bacteria and their human hosts may be even more intricate, as suggested by recent studies on the regulation of granulopoiesis. It has been known for some time that bacterial endotoxins stimulate mononuclear cells, preponderantly monocytes,
TL;DR: In this article, B Vitamins and the Function of the Locomotor System in Swine are discussed in an Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Vol. 28, No.
Abstract: (1978). B Vitamins and the Function of the Locomotor System in Swine. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Vol. 28, No. sup21, pp. 490-494.