Showing papers on "B vitamins published in 1979"
TL;DR: Routine measurements of nutritional status, particularly in children with growth failure, should be made at regular intervals and should include a three-day diet record and a simultaneous 72-hour stool fat determination.
149 citations
TL;DR: A comparative study was carried out on rice and rice products for chemical evaluation of three water soluble vitamins namely, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin using two different methods of determination (High Performance Liquid Chromatography vs. Wet Chemistry Procedures) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A comparative study was carried out on rice and rice products for chemical evaluation of three water soluble vitamins namely, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin using two different methods of determination (High Performance Liquid Chromatography vs. Wet Chemistry Procedures). The high performance liquid chromatographic method proved to be rapid and accurate. Statistical data showed no significant differences between the two methods of determination for thiamine and riboflavin, but a significant difference was observed for niacin. The rapid analytical procedure is accurate enough to warrant the collaborative work needed for quality assurance and nutritional labeling of food products.
57 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that while glossitis is a relatively early manifestation of riboflavin or pyridoxine deficiency or both, angular stomatitis has a more complex aetiology perhaps associated with infection.
Abstract: I. A study amongst schoolboys in villages around Hyderabad, India, showed that almost all the boys had riboflavin deficiency, 61 % had pyridoxine deficiency, and 9'4% had thiamin deficiency as judged by enzymic tests. 2. The prevalence of angular stomatitis was 41.3 yo and that of glossitis was 18.2 %. Biochemical deficiency of riboflavin and pyridoxine was marginally higher in children with angular stomatitis with or without associated glossitis, than in children without oral lesions. 3. Treatment with B-complex vitamins (containing 4 mg riboflavin and 10 mg pyridoxine) daily for I month produced significant reduction in the prevalence of glossitis but had no effect on angular stomatitis. The latter responded to topical application of gentian violet. 4. Small but significant changes in erythrocyte enzymes occurred over the period of I month even without vitamin supplements. 5. Results suggest that while glossitis is a relatively early manifestation of riboflavin or pyridoxine deficiency or both, angular stomatitis has a more complex aetiology perhaps associated with infection. Lesions of the mouth such as angular stomatitis and glossitis have been shown in experimentally-induced riboflavin deficiency as well as pyridoxine deficiency. Recent reports from the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, show that in adults this condition responds to treatment with either riboflavin or pyridoxine (Krishnaswamy, 1971 ; Iyengar, 1973). While glossitis seems to be more common amongst the adults of our community, angular stomatitis is more common amongst the children. A recent survey of rural schoolchildren living near Hyderabad, revealed a higher incidence of angular stomatitis amongst boys than amongst girls. The condition failed to respond to treatment with either riboflavin alone or with B-complex vitamins over a period of 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively (K. V. R. Sarma, M. Damodaran and A. Tiar, unpublished results). The present study was carried out to investigate this observation further, by applying biochemical tests for assessing vitamin status, and examining the response to topical application of gentian violet. EXPERIMENTAL The subjects, 407 boys aged 5-1 3 years old and attending four rural schools near Hyderabad, were examined for clinical signs of vitamin deficiency such as angular stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, Bitot's spots, phrynoderma and angular scars. Of these, 168 boys had active angular stomatitis with or without glossitis (group A) whereas 134 boys were completely free of all lesions of the mouth including healed scars (group B). Boys in group A were further divided randomly into three subgroups (groups AI, A2 and A3) and those in group B into two subgroups (groups BI and B2). These boys were treated daily with either two tablets of B-complex vitamins (containing (mg/tablet): thiamin 2, riboflavin 2, pyridoxine 5, calcium pantothenate 2, niacin 20) (groups Ar and BI) or with placebo tablet containing IOO mg lactose (groups A2 and B2) or by topical application of a solution of gentian violet (10 g/l) to the lesion at the corners
42 citations
TL;DR: Study of pretransit management and posttransit B vitamin supplementation on calf performance and health in Tennessee found total marketing and transit shrink was similar for C, HE and PW calves, although HE calves lost a greater percentage of their total shrink in transit.
Abstract: A total of 275 steer calves from 17 farms in Tennessee were used to study the influence of pretransit management and posttransit B vitamin supplementation on calf performance and health. Pretransit treatments were : (1) weaned the day of sale and fed hay at the order buyer barn (Control C), (2) weaned the day of sale and fed a 50% concentrate, high antibiotic diet in an order buyer barn for 3 days before transport (HE), and (3) weaned 30 days before leaving the farm, fed a 50% concentrate diet at the farm and fed hay at the order buyer barn (PW). Posttransit, the calves received a mixed diet with or without B vitamins. PW calves gained faster (P<.05) at the farm of origin than unweaned calves but required 27.2 kg of the PW diet/kg of extra weight gain. Total marketing and transit shrink was similar for C, HE and PW calves, although HE calves lost a greater percentage of their total shrink in transit. PW calves consumed more (P<.05) dry matter and water than C and HE calves during the first month after arrival, but dry matter and water consumption were similar for all calves by day 149 of the posttransit feeding period. B vitamin supplementation reduced (P<.05) morbidity in C steers and increased (P<.10) mor-
26 citations
TL;DR: The metabolism of B vitamins and vitamin C, their deficiency diseases, and their use in treatment of certain inborn errors in metabolism are reviewed.
Abstract: It was not until the 18th century that the importance of dietary factors in the genesis of diseases was recognized, nor until this century that the chemical structure of certain of these factors, termed "vitamins," was determined. These findings led to an understanding of the role of vitamins in intermediary metabolism that in turn fostered our present techniques for prevention and treatment of deficiency states. We are now discovering unusual disease states that can be treated with vitamins independent of the usual needs for adequate vitamin nutriture. Therefore, the interest in vitamins has recently shifted from prevention and treatment of deficiency states to their role as pharmacologic agents in the management of certain inborn errors of metabolism. The purpose of this article is to review the metabolism of B vitamins and vitamin C, their deficiency diseases, and their use in treatment of certain inborn errors in metabolism. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Role
21 citations
TL;DR: In vitro, the transport of [14C]riboflavin into and from the isolated choroid plexus, the anatomical locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, was studied and accumulation process was markedly depressed by iodoacetate and low temperatures.
20 citations
TL;DR: Birds of the blood group genotypes B1B1, B2B2, and B19B19 were low, intermediate, and high responders, respectively to either (T,G)‐A–L or HSA.
Abstract: Immune response to poly-(L-tyrosine-L-glutamic acid)-poly-D,L-alanine-poly-L-lysine (T,G)-A--L), human serum albumin (HSA), and (L-glutamic acid50, L-tyrosine50)n (GT) was found to be linked to the B complex in an outbred line of Leghorns segregating for the B1, B2, and B19 alleles. Birds of the blood group genotypes B1B1, B2B2, and B19B19 were low, intermediate, and high responders, respectively to either (T,G)-A--L or HSA. Response to GT, however, differed, with the B2B2 genotype being the only responder. No real genotype differences in immune response to DNP-congugates and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) could be detected.
20 citations
Journal Article•
18 citations
TL;DR: The group of compounds that have been designated as "conditional" B vitamins will be discussed in this section and, in addition, a discussion of vitamin C will be presented.
Abstract: The complement of the "obligatory" B vitamins presented in part 1 of this review (133:192-199, 1979) refers to factors that must always be supplied to maintain health in a normal individual. The group of compounds that have been designated as "conditional" B vitamins will be discussed in this section and, in addition, a discussion of vitamin C will be presented. The term conditional, implies that members of this diverse group of factors are essential dietary components only under certain special circumstances. Members of this group include niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, and inositol. When adequate tryptophan is supplied in the diet, humans have the ability to synthesize niacin. Thus, the exogenous requirement for niacin is conditional on the amount of dietary tryptophan. Both biotin and pantothenate are synthesized by intestinal microflora; therefore, a dietary need for either is exceptional. An avian protein, avidin, binds biotin and prevents intestinal absorption. Only
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the same sample extract was used for simultaneous analysis of thiamin and riboflavin, and the detection limits for the aqueous solutions taken for fluorescence measurement according to the described procedures for these two vitamins are 0.0025 and 0.20 µg ml−1, respectively.
Abstract: The fluorimetric methods for the assay of thiamin and riboflavin have been modified so that the same sample extract may be used for the simultaneous analysis of the two B vitamins. The procedure eliminates acid hydrolysis and specific pH adjustment for either vitamin; the sample extract is obtained after enzymic hydrolysis only with Clarase and has a pH of 4.5–4.8. A standard additions method for thiamin determination is introduced. A cowpea sample analysed by this procedure gave mean recoveries and standard errors of 103.9 ± 1 and 100.5 ± 2% for added thiamin and riboflavin, respectively; the detection limits for the aqueous solutions taken for fluorescence measurement according to the described procedures for these two vitamins are 0.0025 and 0.0020 µg ml–1, respectively.
10 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The increased nutritional needs for lactating women can be met by increasing milk consumption by 3-3 1/2 cup/day and by consuming a well balanced diet, and at the present time there is no agreement on the need for dietary supplementation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Experimental models found that pyridoxine at concentrations of 10 (-3) M, or greater significantly inhibited rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by phospholipase A, compound 48/80, antigen (egg albumin) or a mixture of dextran and phosphatidyl serine, respectively.
Abstract: Pyridoxine, one of the B vitamins, has been shown to be useful in the treatment of childhood bronchial asthma by Collip et al. (1975). A double-blind study with 76 asthmatic children followed for five months indicated significant improvement in asthma following pyridoxine therapy (200 mg daily) and a reduction in dosage of bronchodilators and cortisone. Other reports have shown that nicotinamide, another B vitamin shows inhibitory activity in rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release (Bekier et al. 1974, Wiczolkowska and Maslinski, 1975, 1976). These results induced us to investigate if pyridoxine, like nicotinamide or disodium cromoglycate, exhibits pharmacological inhibitory activity in rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by antigen or other non-immunological stimulants. We found that pyridoxine at concentrations of 10 (-3) M, or greater significantly inhibited rat mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by phospholipase A, compound 48/80, antigen (egg albumin) or a mixture of dextran and phosphatidyl serine, respectively. In these experimental models, pyridoxine shows a pharmacological profile similar to nicotinamide and disodium cromoglycate, although weaker than the latter. In spite of this, the lack of toxicity of this vitamin at relatively high doses (1 or 1.5 g), the possibility that other mechanisms of action may be involved, such as the improvement in tryptophan metabolism reported by Collip following pyridoxine therapy, suggest that this vitamine merits additional research.
TL;DR: The diet survey findings reveal that the diet of pre-school children were deficient in milk pulses, greens and vegetables, and the children were below the standard weight than other antbropometric meaurements.
Abstract: These data show that breast feeding is continued upto two years of age in the urban slums of Hyderabad. The mothers were not aware of proper weaning practices. In general, the supplementary foods introduced to infants was not satisfactory in quantity and quality. The diet survey findings reveal that the diet of pre-school children were deficient in milk pulses, greens and vegetables. The children were below the standard weight than other antbropometric meaurements. Deficiency symptoms relating to calories, B complex vitamins and iron were prevalent in a large percentage of the children. Most of the mothers were unaware of the right type of feeding practices in infancy and the preschool age.
01 Dec 1979
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is seen that early malnutrition can be an important determinant of visual performance in children and the key role of vitamin A in the visual process is described.
Abstract: The first section of this paper reviews some of the effects of fetal and postnatal nutritional status on central nervous system development. It is seen that early malnutrition can be an important determinant of visual performance in children. The second section described the key role of vitamin A in the visual process. The consequences of primary and secondary vitamin A deficiencies are considered. The third section discusses some effects of diet on vision, including the role of the B vitamins and vitamin C.
01 Sep 1979
TL;DR: In all the three plants selected, viz., Pongamia, Diospyros and Argeria there appears to be a specific reduction in riboflavin (B2), niacin, protein, protein nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of gall tissues, thus perhaps indicating that the insect larvae may preferentially feed on these nutrients of the leaf.
Abstract: In all the three plants selected, viz.,Pongamia, Diospyros andArgeria there appears to be a specific reduction in riboflavin (B2), niacin, protein, protein nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of gall tissues, thus perhaps indicating that the insect larvae may preferentially feed on these nutrients of the leaf. There also appears to be a general reduction in reducing sugar content although it is not so significant. Increased starch content is noticed inPongamia.