Showing papers on "B vitamins published in 1986"

Magnesium deficiency in alcoholism.

Abstract: Significant magnesium deficiency occurs in chronic alcoholism. The evidence depends on a number of related lines of evidence: hypomagnesemia, a number of clinical symptoms in common with patients with nonalcoholic causes of magnesium deficiency, induction of magnesium excretion by alcohol ingestion (167-260% of control values), positive magnesium balance on alcohol withdrawal (average 1.15 meq/kg), decreased exchangeable magnesium (28Mg, mean deficit 1.12 meq/kg), a mean deficit of 11.4 meq/kg of fat-free dry weight of muscle of alcoholic patients, and hypocalcemia responsive only to magnesium therapy. When alcohol is withdrawn, free fatty acids rise sharply and plasma magnesium falls. Respiratory alkalosis occurs abruptly also on alcohol withdrawal. The alkalosis and rise of free fatty acids with concomitant fall of magnesium produces an acute instability of the internal milieu and could result in acute symptoms. There also are a number of nutritional deficiencies which need to be cared for, but magnesium, thiamine, and other B vitamins need to be administered immediately. Potassium and phosphorus should be supplied when they are low.

Cerebral thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Abstract: Wernicke's encephalopathy in humans is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and a global confusional state. Although most commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, the disease is also encountered in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum, gastrointestinal carcinoma, anorexia nervosa, and other conditions associated with grossly compromised nutritional status. The therapeutic effect of thiamine in Wernicke's encephalopathy was first reported in the late 1930s and the ensuing 50 years has seen the appearance of numerous articles and theses in which attempts have been made to elucidate the role of thiamine deficiency in the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition to studies of thiamine status and treatment of patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy, a great number of investigators have resorted to the use of animal models. One characteristic of Wernicke's encephalopathy, in common with other metabolic encephalopathies, is the predilection for certain brain structures with sparing of neighboring ones. The disease is characterized by symmetrical lesions of pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. In addition to their ability to recreate some of the neurological symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy (nystagmus, ataxia), animal models of the disease also reproduce the selective vulnerability of certain brain structures. One of two approaches is generally taken to produce thiamine deficiency in an animal; animals are either fed thiamine-free diets or administered thiamine antagonists. Although both approaches lead to a state of thiamine deficiency and result in encephalopathy, differences of a neurological, neuropathological, and neurochemical nature between the two experimental situations have consistently

The plasma and red cell vitamin B levels of chronic hemodialysis patients: a longitudinal study.

Abstract: Plasma B12, folate, B6 and thiamine, and red blood cell folate, thiamine and niacin levels were monitored for a period of 6 months in 15 clinically stable, chronic hemodialysis p

A genetic polymorphism of the complement component factor B in chickens not linked to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Abstract: The complement component factor B in chickens exhibits a genetic polymorphism with three common phenotypes, F, F/S, and S. These phenotypes segregate in flocks of chickens homozygous for the MHC (B complex) of the chicken. Furthermore, a genetic analysis has shown that the described factor B polymorphism is not linked to the B complex. It is not known whether the molecular basis for this polymorphism is due to the existence of allelic forms of the structural gene or to some posttranslational modifications, but the finding is discussed in view of the, close linkage of factor B polymorphism with the MHC of all mammalian species investigated so far.

Haemoprotein b-590 (Escherichia coli), a reducible catalase and peroxidase: evidence for its close relationship to hydroperoxidase I and a 'cytochrome a1b' preparation.

Abstract: Summary: A reducible hydroperoxidase, haemoprotein b-590, has been purified 16-fold from a soluble fraction of Escherichia coli K12, grown anaerobically with glycerol and fumarate. The M r of the native protein, determined by gel filtration, was 331000 although a minor, smaller species with a M r of 188000 was also detected; both had catalase activities. Based on the subunit M r, determined from SDS gel electrophoresis to be 75000, the above species are tentatively identified as tetramers and dimers, respectively. The isoelectric point of both species was 4·4. The absorption spectrum of the isolated haemoprotein is typical of ferric, high-spin haem. The A 405/A 280 ratio never exceeded 0·27, a value half of that obtained for E. coli hydroperoxidase I. On reduction with dithionite, the γ, β, and α bands were at 441, 559 and 590 nm respectively, the α-band being unusually distinct. Treatment of the reduced form with CO gave a sharp prominent γ-band at 426 nm and caused significant shifts of the α and β bands to shorter (574 and 545 nm) wavelengths. The pyridine haemochrome spectra showed the haem to be protohaem IX; the spectra were featureless between 580 and 630 nm, thus excluding the presence of haem a. However, some features of the difference spectra of the haemoprotein were reminiscent of cytochrome a 1, notably the maxima in reduced minus oxidized spectra at 444 and 593 nm and the peaks and troughs in CO difference spectra at 426 and 446 nm respectively. The haemoprotein had high catalase activity: V max was 2·3 × 106 mol H2O2 (mol haem)−1 min−1 and the K m was 11 mM. At 10 mM-H2O2 the first order rate constant was 0·3 × 107 M−1 s−1. The haemoprotein was also a peroxidase with o-dianisidine or 2,3”,6-trichloroindophenol as substrates; for the latter substrate, the K m was 0·18 mM. It is concluded that haemoprotein b-590 strongly resembles the hydroperoxidase I purified by Claiborne & Fridovich (Journal of Biological Chemistry 254, 4245-4252, 1979) and that a similar haemoprotein was mistaken for a cytochrome a 1 b complex by Barrett & Sinclair (Abstracts of the 7th International Congress of Biochemistry, Tokyo, H-107, p. 907, 1967).

Health food composition

Abstract: An improved health food composition comprises; B complex vitamins; a prostaglandin E-1 precursor; a primary emulsifying agent; a flavoring agent; and a preservative. The B complex vitamins include: vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride); vitamin B2 (riboflavin); pantothenic acid; vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride); and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). The prostaglandin E-1 precursor may be safflower oil. The primary emulsifying agent is selected from the group consisting of: Poly Sorbate-80; acacia; sodium alginate; carbomer (carboxypolymethylene); carboxymethylcellulose; and others. The flavoring agent is selected from the group consisting of: orange; lemon; and peppermint. The preservative is selected from the group consisting of: sodium benzoate; alcohol; ethyl paraben; ethyl vanillin; glycerin; and others. The improved health fod composition may further comprise a secondary emulsifying agent being selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyethyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; and tragacanth. The improved health food composition may further include an antioxidant being selected from the group consisting of: ascorbyl palmitate; butylated hydroxyanisole; butylated hydroxytoluene; sodium bisulfite; sodium metabisulfite; and others. Finally, the improved health food composition may further comprise an antacid such as calcium carbonate; and an analgesic such as acetaminophen.

Nutrient content of milk and milk products: vitamins of the B complex and vitamin C in retail market milk and milk products

Abstract: A survey was undertaken to update and extend information on the water-soluble vitamin content of milk and milk products on retail sale. The results are discussed in relation to previously published data. Apart from vitamin C the levels of vitamins in retail pasteurized cows' milk were very similar to those found in milk from the processing dairy. Levels of total vitamin C and folic acid in UHT full cream milk were negligible; vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were respectively 73 and 56% of the levels in pasteurized milk. Except for nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin, the levels of vitamins in sterilized milk were lower than in pasteurized milk, particularly vitamin C, folic acid and vitamin B12. When compared on an equivalent dilution basis, vitamin B6, thiamine, folic acid and, especially, vitamin B12 in evaporated milk were lower than in pasteurized cows' milk. In comparison, in full cream condensed milk only vitamin B6 was particularly low; vitamin C was particularly well preserved. With the exception of vitamin B12, vitamin levels in reconstituted spray dried milk were similar to those in pasteurized cows ‘milk. Levels in filled’ spray dried milk were on average 70% of those in ordinary dried milks. Apart from vitamin B12 the levels of B vitamins in non health food yogurt were generally higher than in pasteurized milk, especially folic acid. The levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in goats' milk were only 22 and 11 % respectively of those in cows' milk, but the nicotinic acid level was four times higher. The level of vitamin C in raw sheep's milk was about five times that in pasteurized cows' milk; other levels, apart from folic acid which was similar, were between 1.3 and 5.2 times those in cows' milk.

Genetic interaction between non-MHC T- and B-cell alloantigens in response to Rous sarcomas in chickens.

Abstract: Chickens of Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) inbred line 63 regress sarcomas induced by Bryan high-titer Rous sarcoma virus to a greater extent than chickens of line RPRL 100, although these lines are identical for the major histocompatibility B complex. They differ, however, at three independent autosomal loci: Ly-4 and Th-1 determine the surface alloantigens of partly overlapping subsets of T lymphocytes, and Bu-1 determines a surface alloantigen of B lymphocytes. The association of genotypes at these loci with quantitative variation in their ability to regress Rous sarcomas was tested in segregating F4 generation progeny derived from crosses of lines 100 and 63. The Ly-4 and Bu-1 genotypes showed association with Rous sarcoma regression, but the Th-1 genotype did not. Chickens of the Ly-4a/Ly-4a, Bu-1b/Bu-1b and Ly-4b/Ly-4b, Bu-1a/Bu-1a genotypes had a significantly higher regressor ability than the other two double homozygous genotypes. These results indicate that higher regression is associated with (1) interaction between the Ly-4 and Bu-1 loci, and (2) complementation between either the line 6 Ly-4a allele and the line 100 Bu-1b allele, or the line 100 Ly-4b allele and the line 6 Bu-1a allele.

Limited tryptic digestion of Ca2+,Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum: enzymatic properties of A1b + B complex.

Abstract: Sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes were treated with trypsin under conditions leading to accumulation of B and three other fragments a little smaller than A1, namely A1a, A1b, and C (Mr 27,000-28,000) (Saito, K. et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 1297-1304), and enzymatic properties of trypsin-digested ATPase were investigated. The tryptic cleavage pattern of SR membranes in the presence of 1 M glycerol and 5 mM CaCl2 at 35 degrees C was qualitatively similar to that obtained in the presence of Ca2+ alone. However, considerably more A1-derived fragments, A1a and A1b, which are stabilized by the binding of Ca2+ to the enzyme, were accumulated. The sample digested under this condition for 60 min was mainly composed of A1b and B, and was designated as A1b + B complex. ATPase activity was lost in parallel with the formation of A1a and A1b. On the other hand, E-P forming activity was still retained by A1b + B complex. E-P formation with this complex was strictly dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions at micromolar concentration. This indicates that Ca2+ binding site is well conserved in this complex. E-P formed with A1b + B complex was ADP-sensitive (E1-P), and was not further decomposed, since the transition from E1-P to E2-P was blocked.

Chattonella antiqua (HADA) ONO のB群ビタミン要求に関する増殖生理

Abstract: Physiological characteristics of the growth of two strains of Chattonella antiqua (HADA) ONO (Raphidophyceae), haarmful red tide phytoplankters, were examined in axenic clonal cultures with special reference to B group vitamin requirements. C. antiqua Harima-77 and TSU-8011 preferred a relatively high concentration of nutrients, and required essentially vitamin B12 among the B group vitamins for their growth. It was found that their growth rates and final cell yields were dependent on the vitamin B12 concentrations in the media. The half-saturation constant of vitamin. B12 for each strain was small:0.05ng/l for Harima-77 and 0.35ng/l for TSU-8011. The amount of vitamin B12 required to maximize final cell yields was around 10ng/l for Harima-77 and 20ng/l for TSU-8011. The maximum specific growth rate of each strain was 0.69 and 0.48 day-1, respectively. The minimum cell quota of vitamin B12 was estimated at 4.7×10-4pg/cell or 11.7 molecules/μm3 of cell for Harima-77 and 1.6×10-3pg/cell or 27.5 molecules/μm3 of cell for TSU-8011. These results suggest that vitamin B12 in seawater may be one of the principal factors con-trolling the growth of C. antiqua, and that the amount of the vitamin required to maximize both growth rates and growth yields is around 10 or 20ng/l.

Hair-growth composition

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hair-growth composition containing high-dose vitamin E and, where appropriate, vitamin C, vitamin A, B vitamins, agents which promote blood flow, dilate vessels and stimulate the skin, as well as emulsifiers.

Analyses of constituents of feces and the effect of a vitamin B12 fortified diet on coprophagy in the mouse

Abstract: In order to investigate coprophagy from the viewpoint of nutrition, fecal constituents were analyzed in freeze-dried samples. Feces were collected from 7:00 to 11:00 and from 19:00 to 23:00. Inorganic elements and crude fibers per unit weight were 3-4 times more concentrated in feces than in basal diet, whereas, crude proteins, crude fats and nitrogen-free extract showed various degrees of reduction. There were no differences in these tendencies with sampling time. As for some B vitamins, feces collected from 7:00 to 11:00 contained 22-92% more vitamins than feces collected from 19:00 to 23:00. In comparison with the dietary concentration, vitamin B12 was increased by 124-197 times (520-730 micrograms/100 g) in feces collected between 7:00 and 11:00. Folic acid in feces collected between 7:00 and 11:00 was 10 times greater than that in the diet. On the basis of the findings on vitamins, the effect of a vitamin B12 fortified diet (1,350 micrograms/100 g) on coprophagy was examined. Mean frequency of coprophagy per animal per day was 9.6 when animals were fed on the basal diet, whereas the frequency was immediately and significantly (p less than 0.05 approximately p less than 0.01) reduced to 4.7 after the diet had been replaced by the fortified one. However, coprophagy was not completely inhibited by vitamin B12 fortification. This indicates that some nutrient(s) in feces other than vitamin B12 might be of use to the host, and that otherwise, coprophagy might be a basically habitual form of behavior. Furthermore, under the fortified diet, the frequency of coprophagy increased gradually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ionic Effects on the Lateral Segregation of Chlorophyll-Proteins during Restacking of Thylakoid Membranes

Abstract: The photosynthetic membrane of chloroplasts is differentiated into appressed and non-appressed (stroma exposed) areas. This structural differentiation is accompanied by a functional heterogeneity in the lateral plane of the membrane1. The photosystem 1 complex and the ATP synthase are mainly excluded from the appressed membrane regions and localized in the non-appressed regions. Most of the photosystem 2 complexes and its light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHC-II) is located in the appressed regions. This lateral segregation of the thylakoid protein complexes has been postulated to involve repulsive electrostatic and attractive van der Waals forces at closely appressed membrane surfaces2. Under low salt conditions the thylakoid membranes destack and the membrane components are randomized along the membrane3. Readdition of cations reverses this process and restacking accompanied by lateral segregation of the complexes occurs.

Effect of storage and insect infestation on thiamine and niacin content in different varieties of rice, sorghum, and legumes

Abstract: Les pertes en thiamine sont plus importantes que celles en niacine et surtout dans les legumineuses par rapport aux cereales. L'infestation par les insectes augmente les pertes dans tous les cas

Skeletonema costatum (GREVILLE) CLEVE及びEutreptiella sp.のB群ビタミン要求に関する増殖生理

Abstract: The physiological growth characteristics of Skeletonema costatum (GREVILLE) CLEVE (Bacillario-phyeeae) and Eutreptieila sp. (Euglenophyceae), red tide phytoplanktons, were exzmined with special reference to B vitamin requirements in axenic batch cultures. S. costatum was found to be euryhaline, and its optimum growth was obtained at relatively low nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The maximum specific growth rate was 1.22 day-1. The alga required only vitamin B12 of Bvitamins tested for the growth:12ng/l to maintain maximum growth yields and 9.2×10-6pg to produce one cell. The vitamin B12 half-saturation wnstant was estinsated at 1.38ng/l. Eutreptiella sp. was found to be also euryhaline, and preferred relatively high concentrations of nutrient salts. The maximwn specific growth rates were 0.76-1.25 day-1. Vitamin B12 was essential for the growth and thiamine increased the peak population densities. Vitamin B12 half-saturation constants were 0.23ng/l (thiamine-added) and 1.05ng/l (thiamine-omitted). The vitamin B12 concentration necessary for maximization of growth yields was 10ng/l and that for production of one cell was 1.4×10-4pg. The peak population density grown without thiamine was 30% of the control level. The concentration of thiamine necessary for the normal growth was estimated at 0.2μg/l.

Nutrients in selected foods from the orkney Islands

Abstract: Fifty-seven samples of 10 vegetables and cereal products from the Orkney Islands were analysed for iron, copper and zinc. Twenty-seven samples of all foods except beremeal were also assayed for thiamin, pyridoxine, vitamin C and total folate. Copper was found to be low in comparison to published values and the levels of iron and zinc were marginally lower for some vegetables. Thiamin levels in most vegetables and in the local speciality bread, ‘bannocks’, were also lower than published figures. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

Metabolic Modulation of Ara-C

Abstract: Interest in the use of antimetabolites as chemotherapeutic agents was stimulated by the demonstration of a competitive relationship between the sulfonamides and para-aminobenzoic acid in the de novo synthesis of folate co-factors in bacteria (1, 2) Shive relied extensively on the competitive interactions between metabolites and antimetabolites in his studies on intermediary metabolism of bacteria and the role of B vitamins in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis (3, 4) He introduced the term “inhibition analysis” to refer to that area of research which utilized metabolite-antimetabolite interactions as probes in the study of biochemical reactions Goldin (5) has demonstrated that it is possible to conduct quantitative studies of metabolite-antimetabolite relationships in the whole animal By applying the principles of inhibition analysis to these investigations it may be possible to establish a relationship between basic biochemical studies and growth studies in vivo which may be relevant to cancer research and therapy As outlined by Goldin (1), such investigations may raise several important questions including: 1) whether an observed inhibition of a specific enzyme by an antimetabolite in vitro will occur in vivo; 2) what will be the overall effect of this enzyme inhibition on the intact organism; 3) can an investigation of metabolite-antimetabolite relationships in vivo reveal metabolic pathways in the whole organism which may prove useful in the design of future therapy; and 4) whether knowledge concerning the action of the inhibitor can provide information regarding the host-tumor relationship which may be used to increase the therapeutic response In cancer chemotherapy there is currently considerable interest in the use of metabolite-antimetabolite combinations to enhance tumor cell kill and to increase the overall therapeutic selectivity of the cytotoxic agent The successful use of leucovorin to reverse host toxicity to methotrexate (MTX) clearly demonstrates the potential clinical utility of this concept (6)

Nutrient contents in Norwegian frozen fish products. Protein, fat and B-vitamins

Abstract: Thirtyone frozen fish fillets and fish products available on the Norwegian market were analysed for their contents of water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, energy, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin and vitamin B,? The results for B-vitamins were discussed relative to the recommended daily allowances (RDA). The daily intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and biotin covered with a few exceptions 1 to 20 % of the RDA-values in the suggested portion sizes. Fish products were considered very good sources of vitamin B,,.