Showing papers on "Bacillus anthracis published in 1965"
TL;DR: The present communication describes a striking difference in cytotoxicity of B. cereus and B. anthracis culture filtrates incubated with various tissue-culture cell lines.
Abstract: In recent years, a number of methods have been devised which can be used for differentiation of Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus species. These include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base ratio analysis (McDonald et a]., J. Bacteriol. 85:1071, 1963), antigenic analysis by agar diffusion (Fen-Ke, Acta Vet. Hung. 12:373, 1962) and differential toxicity of culture filtrates for laboratory animals (Bonventre and Eckert, J. Bacteriol. 85:499, 1963). The present communication describes a striking difference in cytotoxicity of B. cereus and B. anthracis culture filtrates incubated with various tissue-culture cell lines. The toxic filtrate of B. cereus was obtained by growing strain B-48 at 37 C in fresh beef infusion broth for 12 hr. Sterile filtrates were tested for lethal activity in mice before incubation with the tissue-culture cells. The anthrax \"lethal factor\" (obtained from R. Lincoln, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) was prepared according to Thorne, Molnar, and Strange (J. Bacteriol. 79:450, 1960) as a sterile filtrate of B. anthracis (Sterne). The rat assay was used to determine lethal activity of the anthrax filtrates (Beall, Taylor, and Thorne, J. Bacteriol. 83:1274, 1962). Two established cell lines and a primary explant were used for the detection of a cytopathic effect (CPE): a guinea pig spleen (GPS) line provided originally by A. Ross, Fort Detrick, the buccal carcinoma cell (KB) obtained from H. C. Bubel, Cincinnati, Ohio, and a primary explant of mouse-embryo (ME) tissue. The GPS and ME cells were grown in Earle's salts-lactalbumin hydrolysate medium plus 10% calf serum and the KB cells, in Eagle's medium. Tissue cultures were seeded into Leighton tubes with 1 ml of suspension containing approximately 4 X 105 cells and were incubated at 37 C until a complete monolayer formed. Growth media were then drained from the tubes and replaced by the toxic culture filtrates diluted with fresh tissueculture fluids. Dilutions of the bacterial culture filtrates to be tested were made in sterile distilled water and mixed with concentrated (two times) tissue-culture medium in a 1: 1 ratio before application to the monolayers. Specific cytotoxicity was evaluated by microscopic examination at intervals after incubation at 37 C. The degree of CPE was judged by rounding and degeneration of cells and detachment from the monolayer surface on the glass.
18 citations
TL;DR: Two new differential media for the identification of Bacillus anthracis are described and they should aid in the differentiation of B. anthrac is from the majority of other aerobic sporeforming bacilli.
Abstract: Knisely, Ralph F. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Differential media for the identification of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 90:1778–1783. 1965.—Two new differential media for the identification of Bacillus anthracis are described. Phenethyl alcohol and chloral hydrate were used as selective ingredients. These media should aid in the differentiation of B. anthracis from B. cereus and, if used in conjunction with other differential tests, they should also differentiate B. anthracis from the majority of other aerobic sporeforming bacilli. These media might also be useful in the classification of Bacillus species.
14 citations
TL;DR: During growth in broth, Bacillus anthracis strain 2160s became capsulated only towards the end of exponential growth, suggesting that new non-capsulated wall was synthesized at the equator of each organism but not at the poles or throughout the existing wall.
Abstract: SUMMARY: During growth in broth, Bacillus anthracis strain 2160s became capsulated only towards the end of exponential growth. An inoculum of fully capsulated organisms formed chains which were non-capsulated save at their tips and at occasional junctions between neighbouring cells. This appearance suggested that new non-capsulated wall was synthesized at the equator of each organism but not at the poles or throughout the existing wall.
13 citations
TL;DR: Cell wall mucopeptide of Bacillus anthracis, strain V1B-189 was prepared from cells grown in the presence and absence of penicillin and contained an unusual inner membrane.
10 citations
01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: Two new differential media needed for the identification of Bacillus anthracisaredescribed may also beuseful intheclassification ofBacillus species.
Abstract: KNISELY, RALPHF.(U.S. ArmyBiological Laboratories, FortDetrick, Frederick, Md.).Differential mediafortheidentification ofBacillus anthracis. J.Bacteriol. 90:1778-1783. 1965.-Two new differential mediafortheidentification ofBacillus anthracisaredescribed. Phenethyl alcohol andchloral hydrate were usedas selective ingredients. Thesemediashould aidinthedifferentiation ofB.anthracis fromB.cereusand, ifusedinconjunction withotherdifferential tests, theyshould alsodifferentiate B. anthracis fromthemajority ofotheraerobic sporeforming bacilli. Thesemediamight alsobeuseful intheclassification ofBacillus species.