Showing papers on "Bacillus anthracis published in 1966"

Selective medium for Bacillus anthracis.

Abstract: : A selective medium that allows for growth of Bacillus anthracis while inhibiting common contaminants and closely related spore formers (e.g., Bacillus cereus) is described. This medium contains polymyxin, lysozyme, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and thallous acetate as the selective ingredients. It may also be used as a differential medium to distinguish B. anthracis from B. cereus and may be of value in the classification of Bacillus species.

Immunologic studies of anthrax. IV. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of three components of anthrax toxin.

Abstract: Summary Three components of anthrax toxin (edema factor, protective antigen and lethal factor) were separated and tested singly at three dose levels and in factorial combination (27 treatments) to determine their efficacy as immunogens in a resistant host (rat) and in a susceptible host (guinea pig). Each treatment was evaluated as an immunogen by five criteria: ( 1 ) protection of the host against challenge, ( 2 ) influence on the number of bacilli/milliliter of blood at death, ( 3 ) change in the units of toxin/milliliter of blood at death, ( 4 ) a development of antibody titer (Ouchterlony) and ( 5 ) units of toxin neutralized/milliliter of blood. These evaluations showed that ( 1 ) the LF component was highly immunogenic in rats against either toxin or spore challenge and in guinea pigs against spore challenge; ( 2 ) the PA component was immunogenic against spore challenge in rats and guinea pigs, but completely ineffective against toxin challenge in rats; ( 3 ) the EF component alone was nonimmunogenic; ( 4 ) the effects of LF and PA combinations interacted significantly with LF to increase resistance in the rat, but was not additive in resistance in the guinea pig. The number of organisms/milliliter of terminal blood decreased as resistance to establishment of disease increased. The units of toxin/milliliter of terminal blood were closely related to the number of bacilli/milliliter of blood at death. Only 17% of the prechallenge serum of guinea pigs, principally among the LF treatments, produced antigen antibody precipitin lines on Ouchterlony plates. The rat sera were all negative in this test. The antigen used to immunize man and animals should contain all the toxin components for maximum efficiency.

Nonproteolytic, Avirulent Bacillus anthracis as a Live Vaccine

Abstract: Fubra, Ernest S. (Federal Department of Veterinary Research, Vom, Nigeria). Nonproteolytic, avirulent Bacillus anthracis as a live vaccine. J. Bacteriol. 91:930–933. 1966.—A nonproteolytic mutant, derived from the Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, was used for vaccination of guinea pigs. Vaccine prepared from the parent Sterne strain was used in comparable immunization procedure. Comparison of the protection induced by the two vaccines showed that use of the nonproteolytic mutant was from 10 to 1,000 times as effective as the Sterne strain.

A method of isolating anthrax bacilli from the soil

Abstract: : The proposed method for isolating the anthrax causative agent from the soil is practicable and more effective than Dolda method.

Commission on epidemiological survey.

Abstract: : Contents: Report on Q Fever Vaccine Studies; Demonstration of Viruses in Leukocytes by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Recovery of Viral Particles from Serum for Electron Microscopy; Effects of Ionizing Irradiation on the Immune Response to Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis; Studies on the Pathogenesis and Control of Typhoid Fever; Role of Endotoxin during Typhoid Fever and Tularemia; Possible Polymer Configurations of Anthrax Toxin Components; Adrenal Function during Infectious Illness; Thyroid Function during Generalized Infection; Influence of Viral Infection on Host Protein and Ribonucleic Acid Biosynthesis; Protein Synthesis by Liver Cell Components of Mice Infected with Diplococcus pneumoniae; Alterations in Tissue Alkaline Phosphatase Activity during Acute Infection; Detection of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis Antibodies by Microhemagglutination; Review of Virology Division Program; Comparative Pathology of Cutaneous Anthrax in the Immunized and Unimmunized Guinea Pig.

Studies on inhalation anthrax: 3. morphologic studies

Abstract: : A morphologic study was made of tissues from 23 cynomolgus monkeys that contracted inhalation anthrax following prolonged exposure to dust from goat hair known to be contaminated with anthrax spores. Twenty monkeys died of anthrax, in one monkey anthrax was considered a contributing cause of death, and in two monkeys sacrificed at the end of the experiment early anthrax infection was found incidentally.

Capillary thrombosis as a cause of death in anthrax

Abstract: : The lungs of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs that died of anthrax were studied by light and electron microscopy. In all three species, the clinical signs of respiratory failure that occurred during the terminal phase of the disease were associated with widespread pulmonary capillary thrombosis. The thrombi occurred in intact capillaries and were composed of platelets and fibrin. These results are compared with previous observations in rats given anthrax toxin and the significance of pulmonary capillary thrombosis as a factor in the cause of death in anthrax is discussed.