Bacillus subtilis

About: Bacillus subtilis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19638 publications have been published within this topic receiving 539455 citations. The topic is also known as: bacillus subtilis.

The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

Abstract: Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

Molecular biological methods for Bacillus

Abstract: Part 1 Growth maintenance and general techniques, C.R.Harwood and A.R.Archibald: the genus Bacillus growth of Bacillus maintenance and shipping of strains cell permeabilization and breakage radiolabelling of macromolecules. Part 2 Genetic analysis, S.M.Cutting and P.B.Vander Horn: mutagenesis transformation PBSI generalized transduction protoplast techniques selection and screening of recombinants genetic mapping complementation analysis. Part 3 Plasmids, S.Bron: plasmids used in Bacillus isolation of plasmid DNA plasmid DNA transfer systems for Bacillus plasmid replication in Bacillus plasmid instability in Bacillus subtilis efficient cloning systems for Bacillus subtilis based on pTA1060 and pAMbeta1. Part 4 Gene cloning techniques, J.Errington: cloning vectors cloning systems special purpose cloning vectors special purpose hosts. Part 5 Use of transposons and integrational vectors mutagenesis and construction of gene fusionson Bacillus species, P.Youngman: insertional mutagenesis with Tn917 insertional mutagenesis with integrational vectors using transposons or integrational vectors to tag specific regions of the chromosome cloning of chromosomal sequences adjacent to transposon insertions or plasmid integrations construction of lacZ fusions using transposons, integrational vectors and temperate phages information concerning vectors, strains and protocols. Part 6 Measuring gene expression in Bacillus, C.P.Moran: transcription products translation products transcription in vitro. Part 7 DNA repair and replication in Bacillus, R.E.Yasbin et al: DNA repair mechanisms DNA repair in Bacillus DNA replication. Part 8 The Bacillus cell envelope and secretion, C.R.Harwood et al: structure and function of the cell envelope synthesis and maturation of the Bacillus cell wall protein secretion electron microscopy for bacterial cells electron microscope methodologies. Part 9 Sporulation, W.L.Nicholson and P.Setlow: induction of sporulation sporulation - specific marker events isolation and analysis of small, acid-soluble spore proteins extraction and analysis of spore coat proteins sequential gene expression compartmentalization purification of spores storage of purified spores isolation and characterization of germination mutants isolation of spore growth mutants isolation of sporulation mutants. Part 10 Bacteriophages, H.E.Hemphill: host bacteria for growing B. subtilis phages media for culturing and maintaining B. subtilis phages culturing and maintaining bacteriophage stocks titering B. subtilis phages batch culturing of bacteriophages lysogens of temperate B. subtilis bacteriophages phage isolation and purification isolation of bacteriophage bacteriophage mutants. (Part contents).

Transformation of biochemically deficient strains of bacillus subtilis by deoxyribonucleate

Abstract: and so that under T the sign of the coordinate x, remains invariant. LEMMA 5.1. The mapping k = s t-1 I is a C'-diff. of E P onto X*. 6. Solution of a Problem of Type K.-Let D be an n-interval in E, geometrically similar to H', containing P, and with the vertex (a) in common with H' (ai = -1; i = 1, .. ., n). Let Di D 0' be a second n-interval, geometrically similar to H' and D, with vertex (a), and with H' D Di. Note that D v Di. We define a C'-diff. a of D onto H', which leaves Di pointwise invariant. The open subsets

Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions

Abstract: The endospore-forming rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis- the model system for Gram-positive organisms, is able to produce more than two dozen antibiotics with an amazing variety of structures. The produced anti-microbial active compounds include predominantly peptides that are either ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified (lantibiotics and lantibiotic-like peptides) or non-ribosomally generated, as well as a couple of non-peptidic compounds such as polyketides, an aminosugar, and a phospholipid. Here I summarize the structures of all known B. subtilis antibiotics, their biochemistry and genetic analysis of their biosyntheses. An updated summary of well-studied antibiotic regulation pathways is given. Furthermore, current findings are resumed that show roles for distinct B. subtilis antibiotics beyond the "pure" anti-microbial action: Non-ribosomally produced lipopeptides are involved in biofilm and swarming development, lantibiotics function as pheromones in quorum-sensing, and a "killing factor" effectuates programmed cell death in sister cells. A discussion of how these antibiotics may contribute to the survival of B. subtilis in its natural environment is given.