scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Bacillus thuringiensis published in 1969"





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spectroscopic and kinetic data are presented which suggest that a beta-ribofuranosyl moiety may be attached to the adenine, and glucose and allomucic acid have been positively identified as hydrolysis fragments from the exotoxin.
Abstract: An insecticidal exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (Berliner) has been purified. The efficiency of each stage of the purification has been ascertained and the yield of toxic material estimated by means of a quantitative bioassay. It is shown that the exotoxin is an adenine derivative substituted at position 9 and having a molecular weight of approximately 825. It can be dephosphorylated enzymically or chemically under conditions that define the exotoxin as a phosphomonoester. This results in loss of toxicity, both to insects and to mice. Spectroscopic and kinetic data are presented which suggest that a beta-ribofuranosyl moiety may be attached to the adenine. Glucose and allomucic acid have been positively identified as hydrolysis fragments from the exotoxin. These results are discussed and compared with the results of others on similar (or possibly identical) compounds.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A plate dilution frequency technique was developed for determination of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in soil and confirmation of B. thurringiensis colonies was achieved by microscopic examination of stained smears for the presence of characteristic parasporal crystals.
Abstract: A plate dilution frequency technique was developed for determination of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner in soil. Confirmation of B. thuringiensis colonies was achieved by microsc...

33 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thirty-one strains of Bacillus grown in either an animal- protein-base medium (F) or a plant-protein- base medium supplemented with casein (C) were evaluated for insecticidal activity against the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella; cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni; bollworm; southern house mosquito; and the house fly.

26 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eight phages lysogenic for Bacillus thuringiensis var.
Abstract: Summary Eight phages lysogenic for Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae which elicit the lytic response in B. thuringiensis var. subtoxicus were isolated by induction of the host strains. We have divided these phages into three groups: group I, phages GT-1 to GT-5; group II, GT-6 and GT-7; group III, GT-8. The following properties of the phages were examined: morphology, host range, serum neutralization, adsorption rates, one-step growth characteristics and thermal inactivation rates. The three groups are readily distinguishable on the basis of morphology and host range. Group II and III show a high degree of homology in regard to their host range, serum neutralization, one-step growth and thermal inactivation characteristics. The phages bear a certain resemblance to previously reported virulent phages of B. thuringiensis (Chapman & Norris, 1966; Colasito & Rogoff, 1969).

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
J. R. Norris1
TL;DR: In comparison with the other serotypes of this bacillus the association with stored products environments is striking and, on several occasions, it has been possible to trace the distribution of the bacteria by movements of infested materials from one part of the world to another.
Abstract: Summary Twentyfive separate isolates of serotype 4B of the aerobic sporeforming insect pathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis, have been obtained over the period 1961–68 Most of the isolates of this particular serotype were obtained from storage products insects infesting such places as grain stores, flour mills or ships carrying grain materials In one instance the organism was isolated from insects infesting Guinea corn growing in the field In comparison with the other serotypes of this bacillus the association with stored products environments is striking and, on several occasions, it has been possible to trace the distribution of the bacteria by movements of infested materials from one part of the world to another

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Histopathological evidence showed that complete cellular deterioration took place within 30–55 min after treatment, and at the same time radical changes took place in the flow of substances from the gut contents to the blood.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, antibiotic production and sensitivity in 80 strains of crystalliferous bacteria was investigated by a cross-streaking method, and it was shown that antibiotic production, rather than pathogenicity, determined dominance of one strain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data indicated that spore viabilities were considerably higher in two Thuricide (Bioferm, Wasco) formulations than in the other products tested, which show the need for laboratory testing of samples of B. thuringiensis prior to using them in the field.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Crystalline inclusion bodies resembling those seen in Clostridium cochlearium were detected in cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis infected with bacteriophage.
Abstract: Crystalline inclusion bodies resembling those seen in Clostridium cochlearium were detected in cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis infected with bacteriophage.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Aug 1969-Nature
TL;DR: The preserved strand of messenger RNA connecting the bacterial ribosomes is very fragile and is easily broken by mechanical cell disruption, so commonly used procedures for disrupting bacterial cells result in extensive degradation.
Abstract: ONE of the limiting factors in attempts to set up cell-free systems for the manufacture of endogenous proteins is the preservation of intact polysomes. The strand of messenger RNA connecting the bacterial ribosomes is very fragile and is easily broken by mechanical cell disruption1–4. In consequence the commonly used procedures for disrupting bacterial cells result in extensive degradation.


Patent
03 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, Bacillus thuringiensis proteins derived from a serotype 9 strain were used as an active agent for the formulation of insecticides, with the proviso that when the inert carrier is wholly liquid other than oil, the composition contains at least one member of group (ii) or (iii) the composition may contain a mixture of a serotypes 9 strain of Bacillus ThuringiensIS and/or crystalline protein derived from this strain, in association with a strain belonging to a different serotype 'of Bacillus THURSIS.
Abstract: 1,172,900 Insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis strains SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ NV 30 Aug, 1968 [20 Nov, 1967], No 52588/67 Heading A5E [Also in Division C6] An insecticidal compositions contains, as act- 'ive ingredient, at least one Bacillus thuringiensis strain falling within serotype 9 and/or the crystalline protein derived from this strain, in association with one or more of: (i) an inert carrier, which may be a solid, an oil, a liquid other than oil, or a combination thereof; (ii) one or more compounds known for use as a plant nutrient, fertiliser, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, nematocide or acaricide, and (iii) a surfactant, with the proviso that when the inert carrier is wholly liquid other than oil, the composition contains at least one member of group (ii) or (iii) The composition may contain a mixture of a serotype 9 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and/or crystalline protein derived from this strain, in association with a strain belonging to and/or crystalline protein derived from a different serotype 'of Bacillus thuringiensis The classification of the serotypes of the species is described in detail on the basis of specified biochemical tests, esterase analyses and antigenic analyses The compositions may be formulated as wettable powders or dusts (25, 50 or 75% toxicant plus solid carrier, dispersing agent, stabilizer, penetrant and/or sticker), granules (¢-25% toxicant plus stabilizer, slow release modifier and binding agent), emulsifiable concentrates (10-50% toxicant plus solvent, co-solvent, emulsifier, stabilizer, penetrant and corrosion inhibitor) and pastes (10-60% toxicant) Aqueous emulsions of the composition may be of the water-in-oil or of the oil-inwater type and may have a thick 'mayonnaise'- like consistency Many conventional solid and fluid carriers and surface active agents are particularly mentioned Example 1 demonstrates the enhanced yields obtainable by growing Bacillus thuringiensis on a medium containing distiller's solubles and casein Example II discloses the improved insecticidal activity of the crystal/spore products of a serotype 9 strain as compared with that of a serotype 1 strain when assayed against Pieris brassica, Anagasta kuehniella and Bombyx mori

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The toxic parasporal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 562-5A, solubilized both in gut juice and under alkaline conditions, has been studied by serological methods and compared with similar preparations from B. thurringiensis var.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Thuricidc®, 58–141, Lot D01801) was applied early in the season and evaluated for control of Pectinophora (Saunders) on cotton in 6×6×36-foot cages and reduction in the population was judged.
Abstract: A commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Thuricidc®, 58–141, Lot D01801) was applied early in the season and evaluated for control of Pectinophora (Saunders) on cotton in 6×6×36-foot Held cages. The reduction in the population was judged by reduction in the number of rosettes and number of mines and the increased number of bolls. In the control, 80% of the bolls were infested compared with 40 and 10% in cages treated with 1 and 2 quarts of microbial insecticide per acre, respectively.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Allomucic acid has been identified as a constituent of an insecticidal exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner.
Abstract: Allomucic acid has been identified as a constituent of an insecticidal exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in pathogenicity between strains of B. thuringiensis are related to differences in the antigenic composition of the active toxin in 11 of the 14 strains.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although healthy, diseased and dead specimens were kept together for several days, scarcely any larva of the healthy group became diseased or died by the action of the bacterium.
Abstract: A number of untreated larvae ofEphestia kuehniella andPieris brassicae were confined with some larvae of the same species that had recently been infected withBacillus thuringiensis. The majority of the last category died within a few days. Although healthy, diseased and dead specimens were kept together for several days, scarcely any larva of the healthy group became diseased or died by the action of the bacterium. It was concluded thatB. thuringiensis does not spread easily.