Showing papers on "Bacillus thuringiensis published in 1975"
TL;DR: Spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis can be separated at moderate centrifugation speeds in gradients of Renografin or sodium diatrizoate.
Abstract: Spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis can be separated at moderate centrifugation speeds (10,000 to 12,000 rpm) in gradients of Renografin or sodium diatrizoate.
89 citations
TL;DR: Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis contain a toxin active against lepidopterous larvae which can be solubilized by extraction with reagents which dissolve the protein crystal of B thurringiensis and which is inactivated by crystal-specific antiserum.
Abstract: SUMMARY: Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis contain a toxin active against lepidopterous larvae. This toxin can be solubilized extraction with reagents which dissolve the protein crystal of B. thuringiensis. It is inactivated crystal-specific antiserum. Spores of Bacillus cereus contain a similar toxin although the specific activity is much lower than the spores of B. thuringiensis. The B. cereus toxin contains a single major polypeptide component. Toxic activity can be solubilized from spores of both species incubation with gut juices from Pieris brassicae.
47 citations
TL;DR: Sensitive bioassays with larvae of Pieris brassicae revealed no reduction of insecticidal activity as a result of severe gamma or ultraviolet irradiation of crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis (serotype V), and the measured response was the inhibition of larval feeding by the crystals over exposure periods short enough for the presence of live spores not to influence feeding.
35 citations
TL;DR: Five sporeless mutant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were selected after treatment with the mutagen N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine and may serve as a biochemical starting material for β-endotoxin.
29 citations
TL;DR: Enzymatic analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis extracts suggest that a modified Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle (without alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) can operate during sporulation in conjunction with the glyoxylic Acid cycle and the gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway.
Abstract: Enzymatic analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis extracts suggested that a modified Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle (without α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) can operate during sporulation in conjunction with the glyoxylic acid cycle and the γ-aminobutyric acid pathway.
24 citations
TL;DR: The proteinaceous crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis Var thuringienis was found to enhance humoral immune response in rats and guinea pigs immunised with sheep red blood cells.
23 citations
TL;DR: It appears that the characteristics of the leaves of the treated plants may have an effect on the coverage and field persistence of viable B. thuringiensis spores.
21 citations
TL;DR: The exotoxin inhibits ecdysone-stimulated insect RNA polymeras of mice both in vivo6 and in vitro7 and has the potential to transform into a drugs-like substance that acts as a “spatially reprograming agent” for insects.
Abstract: CERTAIN strains of the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis produce a heat-stable exotoxin which is toxic to species from several orders of insects1,2 and also affects mammals3–5. The exotoxin inhibits ecdysone-stimulated insect RNA polymeras of mice both in vivo6 and in vitro7.
20 citations
20 citations
TL;DR: Dipel, a commercial preparation containing Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (HD-1 strain), was highly effective in killing caterpillars of all developmental stages, and had no adverse effect on the mealybugPseudococcus longispinus Targ.-Tozz.
Abstract: Field trials were conducted in 1971–1974 to control the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill, withBacillus thuringiensis. Dipel, a commercial preparation containingBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (HD-1 strain), was highly effective (at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1.5%) in killing caterpillars of all developmental stages. In both the field trials and additional laboratory trials, it had no adverse effect on the mealybugPseudococcus longispinus Targ.-Tozz., or on its parasites,Hungariella peregrina Compere andAnagyrus fusciventris Girault.
19 citations
TL;DR: Wasps exposed to tobacco leaves treated with monocrotophos died within 24 h, but were not affected by exposure to Dipel®-treated leaves, and topical treatment with B. thuringiensis did not decrease posttreatment longevity, although there did seem to be an initial effect on survival.
Abstract: Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a tobacco budworm parasitoid. Ingestion of the active material in sugar water by this parasitoid resulted in a significant decrease in posttreatment longevity. Topical treatment with B. thuringiensis did not decrease posttreatment longevity, although there did seem to be an initial effect on survival. Wasps exposed to tobacco leaves treated with monocrotophos died within 24 h, but were not affected by exposure to Dipel®-treated leaves. Posttreatment longevity of a stilt bug, Jalysus spinosus (Say), was not decreased by exposure to tobacco leaves treated with B. thuringiensis .
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TL;DR: Spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis can be separated at moderate centrifugation speeds (10,000 to 12,000 rpm) in gradients of Renografin or sodium diatrizoate as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Spores and parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis can be separated at moderate centrifugation speeds (10,000 to 12,000 rpm) in gradients of Renografin or sodium diatrizoate.
TL;DR: In this article, the compatibility of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis and chemical insecticides was evaluated and it was shown that fenitrothion (2 ppm active ingredient), SBP 1382, and Gardona ® inhibited bacterial replication after 2 hr growth time in liquid broth culture.
TL;DR: In this article, a wheat was fumigated with phosphine, methyl bromide, CCl4-carbon bisulfide (80:20 by volume), or ethylene dichloride-CCl4 (75:25 by volume) after it had been treated with either two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis or with a granulosis virus of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella.
TL;DR: Doses of 25 and 150 mg/kg of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner controlled 1st instar and mature larvae, respectively, of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, in wheat.
Abstract: Doses of 25 and 150 mg/kg of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner controlled 1st instar and mature larvae, respectively, of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), in wheat. No difference in susceptibility, measured by adult emergence, was observed between the 2 species.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the sigma modification which occurs at about t1, is anterior to the β′ modification which is closely correlated with the forespore septum completion (t2) and the timing of the modifications of B. thuringiensis RNA-polymerase previously suggested was clearly confirmed through the present study.
TL;DR: B. thuringiensis mixed with the organophosphate insecticides, fenitrothion, Gardona, and Orthene, or the synthetic pyrethroid, SBP 1382, was incorporated into synthetic diet and fed larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, and the white-marked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Application of the total dose model indicates that for typical field application levels more than 90% of total dose is delivered to the insect population during the first day following application.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: At least 1/16 lb/acre each of chlordimeform hydrochloride and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in a spray were needed for effective protection to cabbage against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae, and the diamondback moth.
Abstract: At least 1/16 lb/acre each of chlordimeform hydrochloride and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in a spray were needed for effective protection to cabbage against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of chlordimeform gave better plant protection and tended to give a greater reduction of the cabbage looper population than did a soluble powder formulation of chlordimeform hydrochloride. The addition of foam to the B. thuringiensis spray did not increase plant protection and injured the foliage. A liquid formulation of B. thuringiensis gave more effective plant protection than a wettable powder formulation even though looper populations were generally higher on plots treated with the liquid formulation. Neither formulation was as effective as Dipel® ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti Berliner) in reducing plant damage. Acephate and Monitor® ( O S dimethyl phosphoramidothioate) provided more effective plant protection than did the other compounds.
TL;DR: All preparations made from Bacillus thuringiensis were found to be toxic to M. pharaonis and their effect was characterized by a slow extinction of the ant colony.
TL;DR: The present investigation demonstrates that at high concentrations exotoxin inhibits cell-free protein synthesis and that this inhibition is temperature sensitive.
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