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Bacillus thuringiensis

About: Bacillus thuringiensis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9679 publications have been published within this topic receiving 263032 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recently, similar Cry-binding proteins have been identified in the three insect orders, as cadherin, aminopeptidase-N and alkaline phosphatase suggesting a conserved mode of action, suggesting a significant reduction in chemical insecticide use.

885 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2003-Nature
TL;DR: The sequencing and analysis of the type strain B. cereus ATCC 14579 together with the gapped genome of B. anthracis A2012 enables the comparative analysis to clarify the phylogeny of the cereus group, and the latter to determine plasmid-independent species-specific markers.
Abstract: Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen causing food poisoning manifested by diarrhoeal or emetic syndromes1. It is closely related to the animal and human pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the former being used as a biological weapon and the latter as a pesticide. B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis are readily distinguished from B. cereus by the presence of plasmid-borne specific toxins (B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis) and capsule (B. anthracis). But phylogenetic studies based on the analysis of chromosomal genes bring controversial results, and it is unclear whether B. cereus, B. anthracis and B. thuringiensis are varieties of the same species2 or different species3,4. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the type strain B. cereus ATCC 14579. The complete genome sequence of B. cereus ATCC 14579 together with the gapped genome of B. anthracis A20125 enables us to perform comparative analysis, and hence to identify the genes that are conserved between B. cereus and B. anthracis, and the genes that are unique for each species. We use the former to clarify the phylogeny of the cereus group, and the latter to determine plasmid-independent species-specific markers.

841 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Field outcomes support theoretical predictions that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, low initial frequency of resistance alleles, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-t toxin BT crops.
Abstract: Evolution of resistance in pests can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced by transgenic crops We analyzed results of 77 studies from five continents reporting field monitoring data for resistance to Bt crops, empirical evaluation of factors affecting resistance or both Although most pest populations remained susceptible, reduced efficacy of Bt crops caused by field-evolved resistance has been reported now for some populations of 5 of 13 major pest species examined, compared with resistant populations of only one pest species in 2005 Field outcomes support theoretical predictions that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, low initial frequency of resistance alleles, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-toxin Bt crops The results imply that proactive evaluation of the inheritance and initial frequency of resistance are useful for predicting the risk of resistance and improving strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops

838 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of synthetic organic insecticides developed during the last half of this century may pose risks to human health and can cause environmental damage, Consequently, interest has developed in using alternative strategies for insect pest management, including Bacillus thuringiensis toxins as insecticides.
Abstract: The use of synthetic organic insecticides developed during the last half of this century may pose risks to human health and can cause environmental prob­ lems. Consequently, interest has developed in using alternative strategies for insect pest management. One contemporary approach that has received atten­ tion is the development of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins as insecticides. B. thuringiensis, a gram-positive bacteria, produces a proteinaceous paraspor­ al crystalline inclusion during sporulation. Upon ingestion by insects, this crystalline inclusion is solubilized in the midgut, releasing proteins called S-endotoxins. These proteins (protoxins) are activated by midgut proteases, and the activated toxins interact with the larval midgut epithelium causing a disruption in membrane integrity and ultimately leading to insect death. In spite of significant efforts directed towards the study of Bt, its use in pest control is restricted, in part because of the selectivity of Bt and in part because of its moderate efficacy. Attempts to improve these two qualities have met with only moderate success because inadequate effort has been devoted to understanding the molecular basis of selectivity and insecticidal properties of these toxins.

827 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are revolutionizing agriculture and have shown positive economic benefits to growers and reduced the use of other insecticides.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are revolutionizing agriculture. Bt, which had limited use as a foliar insecticide, has become a major insecticide because genes that produce Bt toxins have been engineered into major crops grown on 11.4 million ha worldwide in 2000. Based on the data collected to date, generally these crops have shown positive economic benefits to growers and reduced the use of other insecticides. The potential ecological and human health consequences of Bt plants, including effects on nontarget organisms, food safety, and the development of resistant insect populations, are being compared for Bt plants and alternative insect management strategies. Scientists do not have full knowledge of the risks and benefits of any insect management strategies. Bt plants were deployed with the expectation that the risks would be lower than current or alternative technologies and that the benefits would be greater. Based on th...

781 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023255
2022548
2021237
2020269
2019239
2018289