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Bacteria

About: Bacteria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23676 publications have been published within this topic receiving 715990 citations. The topic is also known as: eubacteria.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses primarily on spatial relationships and ul­ trastructural interactions between bacteria and host tissues at sites of infection with special emphasis on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmis­ sion electron microscopy (TEM) of the movement of bacteria from the outside to the inside of a plant tissue.
Abstract: Successful infection of a host plant by a pathogen involves the movement of the pathogen toward the host, attachment of the pathogen to the plant surface, penetration of the host by the pathogen, and the proliferation of the pathogen inside the host immediately following entrance. Thus, the motility of plant­ pathogenic bacteria (63), as well as the aerotaxis and chemotaxis of bacteria toward plant exudates and leachates (10,21,65), helps bacteria land on host plants. Electric charges (45) and surface structures of the plant and bacteria (29, 42, 74) determine the recognition and adsorption between host and bacteria. Bacterial proliferation following entrance aids establishment of bacteria in infection courts. For a general account of these phases of the infection process, the reader is referred to reviews by Goodman (27, 28) and Billing (7). This review focuses primarily on spatial relationships and ul­ trastructural interactions between bacteria and host tissues at sites of infection with special emphasis on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmis­ sion electron microscopy (TEM) of the movement of bacteria from the outside to the inside of a plant tissue.

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that metal-resistant and plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria play an important role in plant growth and Cu uptake which may provide a newendophytic bacterial-assisted phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated environment.

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although a mixed composition of endophyte communities was recovered from ginseng based on the results of 16S rDNA analysis, bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus dominated in 1- year-old and 4-year-old plants, respectively.
Abstract: Endophytic bacteria have been found in virtually every plant studied, where they colonize the internal tissues of their host plant and can form a range of different beneficial relationships. The diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with ginseng plants of varying age levels in Korea was investigated. Fifty-one colonies were isolated from the interior of ginseng stems. Although a mixed composition of endophyte communities was recovered from ginseng based on the results of 16S rDNA analysis, bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus dominated in 1-year-old and 4-year-old plants, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four clusters: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria, with Firmicutes being predominant. To evaluate the plant growth promoting activities, 18 representative isolates were selected. Amplification of nifH gene confirmed the presence of diazotrophy in only two isolates. Half of the isolates solubilized mineral phosphate. Except four, all the other endophytic isolates produced significant amounts of indole acetic acid in nutrient broth. Iron sequestering siderophore production was detected in seven isolates. Isolates E-I-3 (Bacillus megaterium), E-I-4 (Micrococcus luteus), E-I-8 (B. cereus), and E-I-20 (Lysinibacillus fusiformis) were positive for most of the plant growth promoting traits, indicating their role in growth promotion of ginseng.

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data is lacking on dose-response relation for Zn/Cu exposure and resistance, but it seems more likely that a resistance-driven effect occurs at high trace element exposure than at more basal exposure levels, and further research is needed to elucidate the link between Zn andCu and antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Abstract: Farmed animals such as pig and poultry receive additional Zn and Cu in their diets due to supplementing elements in compound feed as well as medical remedies. Enteral bacteria in farmed animals are shown to develop resistance to trace elements such as Zn and Cu. Resistance to Zn is often linked with resistance to methicillin in staphylococci, and Zn supplementation to animal feed may increase the proportion of multiresistant E. coli in the gut. Resistance to Cu in bacteria, in particular enterococci, is often associated with resistance to antimicrobial drugs like macrolides and glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin). Such resistant bacteria may be transferred from the food-producing animals to humans (farmers, veterinarians, and consumers). Data on dose-response relation for Zn/Cu exposure and resistance are lacking; however, it seems more likely that a resistance-driven effect occurs at high trace element exposure than at more basal exposure levels. There is also lack of data which could demonstrate whether Zn/Cu-resistant bacteria may acquire antibiotic resistance genes/become antibiotics resistant, or if antibiotics-resistant bacteria are more capable to become Zn/Cu resistant than antibiotics-susceptible bacteria. Further research is needed to elucidate the link between Zn/Cu and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Keywords: Zinc; copper; animal feed; bacteria; antimicrobial resistance (Published: 26 September 2014) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2014, 25: 25862 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25862

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1983-Surgery
TL;DR: Metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles are relatively nontoxic, however, reduction of their nitro group leads to the production of short-lived cytotoxic intermediates, which finally decompose into nontoxic end products.

179 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20235,286
202210,729
20211,047
20201,096
20191,044