Bacteriostatic agent

About: Bacteriostatic agent is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2815 citations. The topic is also known as: bacteriostatic antibiotics & bacteriostat.

Clinical Relevance of Bacteriostatic versus Bactericidal Mechanisms of Action in the Treatment of Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Abstract: The distinction between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents appears to be clear according to the in vitro definition, but this only applies under strict laboratory conditions and is inconsistent for a particular agent against all bacteria. The distinction is more arbitrary when agents are categorized in clinical situations. The supposed superiority of bactericidal agents over bacteriostatic agents is of little relevance when treating the vast majority of infections with gram-positive bacteria, particularly in patients with uncomplicated infections and noncompromised immune systems. Bacteriostatic agents (e.g., chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and linezolid) have been effectively used for treatment of endocarditis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis--indications that are often considered to require bactericidal activity. Although bacteriostatic/bactericidal data may provide valuable information on the potential action of antibacterial agents in vitro, it is necessary to combine this information with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to provide more meaningful prediction of efficacy in vivo. The ultimate guide to treatment of any infection must be clinical outcome.

Saturated pad for cleansing and deodorizing

Abstract: A body cleansing pad comprises a disposable, fibrous pad impregnated with a liquid composition containing at least 86% by weight of water, 0,1 to 2% of a bacteriostatic agent and 0,5 to 2% of a surface-active agent. The pad itself is preferably a sheet of non-woven cotton or absorbent paper and, if desired, a small amount of ethyl alcohol and an emollient may be added to the composition, the final pH of which must be between 5 and 6,5. The impregnated pad is preferably enclosed in a sealed wrapper comprising aluminium foil end synthetic film layers.ALSO:A body cleansing pad comprises a disposable, fibrous pad impregnated with a liquid composition containing at least 86% by weight of water, 0.1 to 2% of a bacteriostatic agent and 0.5 to 2% of a surface active agent. The pad itself is preferably a sheet of non-woven cotton or absorbent paper and, if desired, a small amount of ethyl alcohol and an emollient may be added to the composition, the final pH of which must be between 5 and 6.5. The impregnated pad is preferably enclosed in a sealed wrapper comprising aluminium foil and synthetic film layers. The bacteriostatic agent is preferably one or a mixture of chlorinated phenols, such as hexachlorophene and bithionol, and, to ensure the desired pH value being maintained, small amounts of non-toxic acid substances such as citric acid, acetic acid or lactic acid may be added. Suggested non-irritant anionic surface-active agents include sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myristyl monoglyceryl sulphate, sodium lauryl isethionate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and sodium octyl phenoxyethoxy-ethyl ether sulfonate. Non-ionic surface-active agents such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-stearate may also be used and, in either case, the amount is preferably between 0.1% and 0.5% of the total weight. The composition may further include an emollient such as a non-rancidifying fatty oil and a humectant, which may be propylene glycol, glycerine or sorbitol.

Busting the Myth of “Static vs Cidal”: A Systemic Literature Review

Abstract: We sought to determine if clinical data validate the dogma that bactericidal antibiotics are more clinically effective than bacteriostatic agents. We performed a systematic literature review of published, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a bacteriostatic agent to a bactericidal agent in the treatment of clinical, bacterial infections. Of 56 identified trials published since 1985, 49 found no significant difference in efficacy between bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents. In 6 trials it was found that the bacteriostatic agent was superior to the bactericidal agent in efficacy. Only 1 trial found that the bactericidal agent was superior; in that case, the inferiority of the static agent was explainable by underdosing of the drug based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. Thus, virtually all available data from high-quality, RCTs demonstrate no intrinsic superiority of bactericidal compared to bacteriostatic agents. Other drug characteristics such as optimal dosing, pharmacokinetics, and tissue penetration may be more important efficacy drivers.

Following the Mechanisms of Bacteriostatic versus Bactericidal Action Using Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract: Antibiotics cure infections by influencing bacterial growth or viability. Antibiotics can be divided to two groups on the basis of their effect on microbial cells through two main mechanisms, which are either bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria and bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress the growth of bacteria (keep them in the stationary phase of growth). One of many factors to predict a favorable clinical outcome of the potential action of antimicrobial chemicals may be provided using in vitro bactericidal/bacteriostatic data (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations-MICs). Consequently, MICs are used in clinical situations mainly to confirm resistance, and to determine the in vitro activities of new antimicrobials. We report on the combination of data obtained from MICs with information on microorganisms' "fingerprint" (e.g., DNA/RNA, and proteins) provided by Raman spectroscopy. Thus, we could follow mechanisms of the bacteriostatic versus bactericidal action simply by detecting the Raman bands corresponding to DNA. The Raman spectra of Staphylococcus epidermidis treated with clindamycin (a bacteriostatic agent) indeed show little effect on DNA which is in contrast with the action of ciprofloxacin (a bactericidal agent), where the Raman spectra show a decrease in strength of the signal assigned to DNA, suggesting DNA fragmentation.