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Bainite

About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a phase field model was proposed to predict the kinetics of phase transformation at segregation decorated grain boundaries, showing that strong interface segregation of austenite stabilizing elements (here Mn) and the release of elastic stresses from the host martensite can generally promote phase transformation.

251 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, process peculiarities and functions of alloying elements, such as Si and Mn, were studied for improving formability of steel sheets with mixed microstructures, and the holding time in the bainite transformation range varies with temperature, depending on the activation energy of C diffusion in austenite, and shifts to longer times with an increase of Si or Mn additions.
Abstract: Processing peculiarities and functions of alloying elements, such as Si and Mn, were studied for improving formability of steel sheets with mixed microstructures. Annealing a sheet steel with 0.2 pct C in the intercritical range produced very fine particles of retained austenite which were moderately stabilized due to C enrichment by subsequent holding in the bainite transformation range. Its strength-ductility balance is greatly superior to that of other dual-phase steels due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP). The holding time in the bainite transformation range varies with temperature, depending on the activation energy of C diffusion in austenite, and shifts to longer times with an increase of Si or Mn additions. The optimum cooling rate from the intercritical region is reduced with an increase of Mn content but is not influenced by Si content. Additional Mn makes the retained austenite content larger, although uniform elongation remains the same. In this case, the product of tensile strength and total elongation is increased due to an increase in the tensile strength. Contrary to Mn, Si does not affect retained austenite content but improves the uniform elongation by increasing its stability.

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shigekazu Morito1, H. Saito1, T. Ogawa1, Tadashi Furuhara1, Tadashi Maki1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystallography, microstructure and mechanical properties of as-quenched martensite of Fe-0.2C-Mn(-V) alloys of which the prior austenite grain sizes are 370-2 μm were studied.
Abstract: The crystallography, microstructure and mechanical property of as-quenched martensite of Fe-0.2C-Mn(-V) alloys of which the prior austenite grain sizes are 370-2 μm were studied. The prior austenite grain, whose size is larger than 28 μm, is divided by several packets. Those packets are subdivided by blocks containing sub-blocks, each of which corresponds to the Kurdjumov-Sachs variant. When the prior austenite grain size is about 2 μm, one packet tends to grow predominantly. Each packet is divided by blocks containing sub-blocks.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to quantify the effects of martensite plasticity on the mechanical properties of a commercial low-carbon (0.06 wt pct) dual-phase steel.
Abstract: An experimental study has been conducted to quantify the effects of martensite plasticity on the mechanical properties of a commercial low-carbon (0.06 wt pct) dual-phase steel. The volume fraction and morphology (banded and more equiaxed) of the martensite second phase were systematically varied by control of the intercritical annealing temperature and the heating rate to this temperature. It was observed that the yield and tensile strengths were dependent on the volume fraction of martensite but not on the morphology. In contrast, the true uniform strain, fracture strain, and fracture stress were found to have a significant dependence on martensite morphology. These results were rationalized by considering an Eshelby-based model, which allowed for the calculation of the stress in the martensite islands for different morphologies and volume fractions. By comparing the stress in the martensite with an estimate of its yield stress, it was possible to rationalize the conditions under which martensite plasticity occurs. The implications of martensite plasticity affect the work hardening of the steels but most importantly the fracture properties. For conditions where martensite codeforms with the ferrite matrix, void nucleation is suppressed and the final fracture properties are dramatically improved.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the morphology and crystallography of martensite formed by deformation as well as by cooling to subzero temperatures have been studied in two steels of 18/8-type (steel 1 and 2) by optical and transmission electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction.

240 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023211
2022417
2021337
2020425
2019427
2018409