Topic
Bainite
About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model was modified to consider the effect of prior austenite grain size on residual stresses evolution in the heat-affected zone and showed that the residual stress evolution of P91, which completely transforms to martensite while cooling, based on the enhanced model leads to maximum stress differences of 200MPa in the affected zone.
56 citations
TL;DR: The dependence of the martensite start temperature on the austenite grain size is modeled based upon aspects of Martensite nucleation and validated by data reported in the literature as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The dependence of the martensite start temperature on the austenite grain-size is modeled based upon aspects of martensite nucleation and validated by data reported in the literature. The results obtained support the view that grain boundaries provide an environment for the formation of martensite embryos in annealed austenite. The model can account for a two-stage dependence of martensite start temperature on the austenite grain-size, considering that grain boundaries provide a suitable environment for martensite nucleation, and grain-size also has a stabilizing effect by limiting the volume of individual martensite units.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the high strength of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels with tensile strength from 800 to 1000 MPa were designed based on grain refinement and precipitation strengthening through microalloying.
Abstract: The high strength of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels with tensile strength from 800 to 1000 MPa were designed based on grain refinement and precipitation strengthening through microalloying with Nb, Nb/V, and Nb/Mo in a Fe-02C-15Si-15Mn cold-rolled TRIP steel The origins of alloying strengthening for three grades of 860, 950, and 1010 MPa TRIP steels obtained in this work were revealed by the combination of Thermo-Calc and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The addition of Nb in Nb, Nb/V, and Nb/Mo TRIP steels can effectively refine the austenite grain in the hot-rolled process by the NbC carbides retarding austenite recrystallization and, in turn, refine final microstructure after intercritical annealing The addition of Nb/V can precipitate partially fine and dispersive (Nb,V)C carbides in ferrite grains instead of coarse NbC carbides; therefore, the precipitation strengthening plays an important role in the increase of TRIP steel strength The addition of Nb/Mo cannot only precipitate fully fine and dispersive (Nb,Mo)C carbides in ferrite grains but also increase the volume fraction of bainite accompanying the decrease of volume fraction of ferrite, leading to the drastic increase of both the yield strength and tensile strength
55 citations
Patent•
03 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the metallurgical structure of the steel sheet is made a mixture structure including bainite, residual austenite and tempered martensite, particularly, when the structure is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
Abstract: In a cold-rolled steel sheet in relation with the present invention, metallurgical structure of the steel sheet is made a mixture structure including bainite, residual austenite and tempered martensite, particularly, when the metallurgical structure is observed with a scanning electron microscope, bainite is constituted of composite structure of high temperature range forming bainite with 1 μm or above average distance between neighboring residual austenite and/or carbide and low temperature range forming bainite with below 1 μm average distance between neighboring residual austenite and/or carbide, and when the area ratio of the high temperature range forming bainite with respect to total metallurgical structure is made a and the total area ratio of the low temperature range forming bainite and the tempered martensite with respect to the total metallurgical structure is made b, a: 20-80%, b: 20-80%, and a+b: 70% or above are satisfied. The cold-rolled steel sheet in relation with the present invention is improved in all of the elongation (EL), stretch flange formability (A), and bending properties (R) with a good balance, is excellent in the overall workability, and has 980 MPa or above tensile strength.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of partitioning temperature on microstructural evolution during quenching and partitioning was investigated in a 0.38C 1.54Mn 1.48Si wt.% steel using Mossbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
55 citations