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Bainite
About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, it is demonstrated that atom probe field ion microscopy is a valuable technique in the development of these technologically important alloys, and that Alloy carbides precipitating in secondary hardening, creep resisting, and high speed steels are subsequently discussed.
51 citations
25 Jun 2010-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, high-strength low-alloy steels containing different B and Cu contents were fabricated by thermomechanical processing and heat treatments such as accelerated cooling, intercritical annealing, and tempering, and then tensile and Charpy impact tests were conducted on them in order to investigate the mechanical properties in terms of yield strength, deformability, and toughness.
Abstract: High-strength low-alloy steels containing different B and Cu contents were fabricated by thermomechanical processing and heat treatments such as accelerated cooling, intercritical annealing, and tempering, and then tensile and Charpy impact tests were conducted on them in order to investigate the mechanical properties in terms of yield strength, deformability, and toughness. The test results revealed that the B-added acceleratedly cooled specimens composed mostly of lath martensite had relatively high yield strength, poor deformability and low-temperature toughness in contrast to the B-free acceleratedly cooled specimens consisting mainly of granular bainite and degenerate upper bainite. When the B-added acceleratedly cooled specimens were tempered, the yield strength increased to a certain degree and the low-temperature toughness was remarkably improved, but the deformability severely deteriorated. However, the B-added intercritically annealed specimens provided an attractive balance of yield strength, deformability, and low-temperature toughness due to the dual-phase microstructure of fine ferrite and martensite with lath type morphology.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the prior austenite grain size, the retained strain and the cooling rate on the final ferrite microstructure has been analyzed and it has been observed that higher cooling rates tend to produce acicular microstructures, and that this effect is enhanced at the lower retained strains.
Abstract: In the present work, the ferrite grain sizes after transformation from non-deformed (recrystallized) and work-hardened austenite have been considered. Two C-Mn-Nb steels have been deformed by multipass torsion tests carried out at temperatures, both above and below the determined Tnr (non-recrystallization temperatures) for these steels. The influence of the prior austenite grain size, the retained strain and the cooling rate on the final ferrite microstructure has been analysed. Austenite grain sizes varying from 28 to 125 μm with retained strains ranging from 0 (non-deformed austenite) to 2 and cooling rates of 1 and 5 s-1 have been considered. It has been observed that higher cooling rates tend to produce acicular microstructures, and that this effect is enhanced at the lower retained strains. It has been shown that the reduction of austenite grain size and an increase of retained strain, provide a higher density of nucleation sites, which leads to a refinement of the ferrite. A similar effect is produced by increasing the cooling rate from 1 to 5 s-1.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase-field model has been developed to describe microstructure evolution during intercritical annealing of a commercial DP600 dual-phase steel, and the simulations emphasize the interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation from a cold-rolled pearlite/ferrite micro-structure at high heating rates.
Abstract: A phase-field model has been developed to describe microstructure evolution during intercritical annealing of a commercial DP600 dual-phase steel. The simulations emphasize the interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation from a cold-rolled pearlite/ferrite microstructure at high heating rates. The austenite-ferrite transformations are assumed to occur under conditions where only carbon partitions between the phases by long-range diffusion. A solute drag model has been integrated with the phase-field model to describe the effect of substitutional alloying elements on the migration of the ferrite/austenite interface. Experimental results including recrystallization and transformation kinetics as well as austenite morphology have been successfully described by carefully adjusting both the austenite nucleation scenario and the interface mobilities.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of the mechanical properties on the atomic mechanism by which bainite and martensite grow is discussed in the context of some common engineering design parameters, and with a brief example of the inverse problem in which the mechanism may be a function of mechanical properties.
Abstract: Many essential properties of iron alloys depend on what actually happens when one allotropic form gives way to another, i.e. on the mechanism of phase change. The dependence of the mechanical properties on the atomic mechanism by which bainite and martensite grow is the focus of this paper. The discussion is illustrated in the context of some common engineering design parameters, and with a brief example of the inverse problem in which the mechanism may be a function of the mechanical properties.
51 citations