scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Bainite

About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-built parts of HSLA steels are investigated, and are correlated with the thermal cycles involved in the process.
Abstract: Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a viable technique for the manufacture of large and complex dedicated parts used in structural applications. High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are well-known for their applications in the tool and die industries and as power-plant components. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-built parts are investigated, and are correlated with the thermal cycles involved in the process. The heat input is found to affect the cooling rates, interlayer temperatures, and residence times in the 800–500 °C interval when measured using an infrared camera. The microstructural characterization performed by scanning electron microscopy reveals that the microstructural constituents of the sample remain unchanged. i.e., the same microstructural constituents—ferrite, bainite, martensite, and retained austenite are present for all heat inputs. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis shows that no preferential texture has been developed in the samples. Because of the homogeneity in the microstructural features of the as-built parts, the mechanical properties of the as-built parts are found to be nearly isotropic. Mechanical testing of samples shows excellent ductility and high mechanical strength. This is the first study elucidating on the effect of thermal cycles on the microstructure and mechanical properties during WAAM of HSLA steel.

157 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2010-EPL
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a temperature window between the Curie temperatures of martensite and austenite phases around the room temperature can be obtained by a vacancy-tuning strategy in Mn-poor Mn1-xCoGe alloys (0≤x≤0.050).
Abstract: It is shown that a temperature window between the Curie temperatures of martensite and austenite phases around the room temperature can be obtained by a vacancy-tuning strategy in Mn-poor Mn1-xCoGe alloys (0≤x≤0.050). Based on this, a martensitic transformation from paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic martensite with a large magnetization difference can be realized in this window. This gives rise to a magnetic-field–induced martensitic transformation and a giant magnetocaloric effect in the Mn1−xCoGe system. The decrease of the transformation temperature and of the thermal hysteresis of the transformation, as well as the stable Curie temperatures of martensite and austenite, are discussed on the basis of the Mn-poor Co-vacancy structure and the corresponding valence-electron concentration.

157 citations

Book
15 Mar 2004
TL;DR: The history of iron and steel can be traced from iron to steel, from ploughshares to swords and ploughshare-making as discussed by the authors, and from steel to steel.
Abstract: First Part The history of iron and steel - of swords and ploughshares.- 1 From iron to steel.- 2 Of swords and swordmaking.- 2 The Genesis of Microstructures.- 3 The principal phases in steels.- 4 The basic phase diagrams.- 5 The formation of solidification structures.- 6 Liquid/solid structural transformations.- 7 Grains, grain boundaries and interfaces.- 8 Diffusion.- 9 The decomposition of austenite.- 10 The pearlite transformation.- 11 The martensite transformation.- 12 The bainite transformation.- 13 Precipitation.- 3 Steels and cast irons.- 14 Steel Design.- 15 Solidification macrostructures.- 16 Macro- and microstructures of sintered powder products.- 17 Plain carbon and low alloy steels.- 18 Quench hardening steels.- 19 Stainless steels.- 20 Heat resisting steels and iron-containing superalloys.- 21 Cast irons.- 22 Appendices.- 23 References.- 24 Index.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The upper bainite structures were investigated in Fe-9Ni-(0.15-0.5)C (mass%) alloys transformed at temperatures between 723 and 623 K as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The upper bainite structures were investigated in Fe–9Ni–(0.15–0.5)C (mass%) alloys transformed at temperatures between 723 and 623 K. A bainite packet similar to lath martensite is formed and is partitioned into blocks containing lath-shaped bainitic ferrite with the same parallel close-packed plane relationship of the K–S relationship. Its feature is categorized into three types: (A) a packet contains laths of two K–S variants with a small misorientation (sub-blocks), (B) a packet is divided by blocks largely misoriented and each block contains sub-blocks and (C) a packet is divided by blocks containing a single variant of laths. A packet of type (A) is formed at 723 K in each alloy whereas the packet type becomes (B) or (C) at lower temperatures. As a result, bainite blocks are refined with decreases in transformation temperature and carbon content. In contrast, blocks and packets of lath martensite are refined with increasing carbon content.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of aluminium and silicon contents, in view of the development of multiphase TRIP-assisted steels, on the extent of the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.

156 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Alloy
171.8K papers, 1.7M citations
89% related
Microstructure
148.6K papers, 2.2M citations
87% related
Deformation (engineering)
41.5K papers, 899.7K citations
86% related
Grain boundary
70.1K papers, 1.5M citations
84% related
Welding
206.5K papers, 1.1M citations
83% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023211
2022417
2021337
2020425
2019427
2018409