scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Bainite

About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
D. Quidort1, Y.J.M. Brechet
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the growth of bainite in steels is proposed taking into account the diffusion of carbon in austenite, the presence of cementite precipitates left behind the growing front and the influence of substitutional alloying elements.

112 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of bainite on the mechanical properties of a commercial Japanese 0.40 pct C-Ni-Cr-Mo high strength steel (AISI 4340 type) has been systematically made.
Abstract: A study has been systematically made of the effect of bainite on the mechanical properties of a commercial Japanese 0.40 pct C-Ni-Cr-Mo high strength steel (AISI 4340 type) having a mixed structure of martensite and bainite. Isothermal transformation of lower bainite at 593 K, which appeared in acicular form and partitioned prior austenite grains, in association with tempered marprovided provided a better combination of strength and fracture ductility, improving true notch tensile strength (TNTS) and fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) in Charpy impact tests. This occurred regardless of the volume fraction of lower bainite present and/or the tempering conditions employed to create a difference in strength between the two phases. Upper bainite which was isothermally transformed at 673 K appeared as masses that filled prior austenite grains and had a very detrimental effect on the strength and fracture ductility of the steel. Significant damage occurred to TNTS and FATT, irrespective of the volume fraction of upper bainite present and/or the tempering conditions employed when the upper bainite was associated with tempered martensite. However, when the above two types of bainite appeared in the same size, shape, and distribution within tempered martensite approximately equalized to the strength of the bainite, a similar trend or a marked similarity was observed between the tensile properties of the mixed structures and the volume fraction of bainite. From the above results, it is assumed that the mechanical properties of high strength steels having a mixed structure of martensite and bainite are affected more strongly by the size, shape, and distribution of bainite within martensite than by the difference in strength between martensite and bainite or by the type of mixed bainite present. The remarkable effects of the size, shape, and distribution of bainite within martensite on the mechanical properties of the steel are briefly discussed in terms of the modified law of mixtures, metallographic examinations, and the analyses of stress-strain diagrams.

112 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the Mn content on microstructure evolution is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Abstract: Two plain carbon steels with varying manganese content (0.87 wt pct and 1.63 wt pct) were refined to approximately 1 μm by large strain warm deformation and subsequently subjected to intercritical annealing to produce an ultrafine grained ferrite/martensite dual-phase steel. The influence of the Mn content on microstructure evolution is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Mn distribution in ferrite and martensite is analyzed by high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The experimental findings are supported by the calculated phase diagrams, equilibrium phase compositions, and the estimated diffusion distances using Thermo-Calc (Thermo-Calc Software, McMurray, PA) and Dictra (Thermo-Calc Software). Mn substantially enhances the grain size stability during intercritical annealing and the ability of austenite to undergo martensitic phase transformation. The first observation is explained in terms of the alteration of the phase transformation temperatures and the grain boundary mobility, while the second is a result of the Mn enrichment in cementite during large strain warm deformation, which is inherited by the newly formed austenite and increases its hardenability. The latter is the main reason why the ultrafine-grained material exhibits a hardenability that is comparable with the hardenability of the coarse-grained reference material.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
P. Zhang1, F.C. Zhang1, Zhigang Yan1, T.S. Wang1, Lihe Qian1 
22 Jun 2011-Wear
TL;DR: In this paper, a process primarily based on carburization and successive low-temperature austempering, was proposed for the generation of low temperature bainitic microstructure in the surface layer (∼2.5mm in thickness) of low carbon steel.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More than 50% elongation of as-quenched martensite was achieved under uniaxial tensile loading using a multilayered structure combining martensitic and austenitic steel.

111 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Alloy
171.8K papers, 1.7M citations
89% related
Microstructure
148.6K papers, 2.2M citations
87% related
Deformation (engineering)
41.5K papers, 899.7K citations
86% related
Grain boundary
70.1K papers, 1.5M citations
84% related
Welding
206.5K papers, 1.1M citations
83% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023211
2022417
2021337
2020425
2019427
2018409